scholarly journals Pewarisan Karakter Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif pada Hipokotil dan Kotiledon Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Silangan IPB T64 x IPB T3

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlina Mustafa ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo ◽  
Sobir .
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epistasis Effect

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Hypocotyl and cotyledon are potentially used as effective morphological markers since they can be detected earlier. Information on inheritance of tomato hypocotyl and cotyledon was not available. The aims of this research was to study the inheritance of qualitative and quantitative characters of tomato hypocotyl and cotyledon. This research used six population, P1 green hypocotyl (IPB T64), P2 purple hypocotyl (IPB T3), F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, and F2. Analysis of qualitative characters used Mendelian and gene action of quantitative characters used joint scaling test. The results of Mendelian indicated that the character of hypocotyl color was controlled by two genes of dominant-recessive epistasis. The gene controlling purple color was dominant to the green color gene. Based on the F2 distribution test, hypocotyl length, cotyledon length and width were controlled by polygenes. There was no influence of maternal effect. The results of the joint scaling test showed gene action of hypocotyl length was controlled by additive gene with influence of additive-dominant epistasis. Length and width of the cotyledon were controlled by additive gene and influence of duplicate epistasis effect. All characters had high level of broad sense heritability and medium level of narrow sense heritability.<br />Keywords: cotyledone, gene action, heritability, hypocotyle, morphology marker.</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Hipokotil dan kotiledon berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai marka morfologi yang efektif karena dapat dideteksi lebih dini. Informasi pola pewarisan karakter hipokotil dan kotiledon tomat belum banyak tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola pewarisan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif dari hipokotil dan kotiledon tomat sebagai marka morfologi pada tahap awal pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam set populasi yaitu P1 hipokotil hijau (IPB T64), P2 hipokoti ungu (IPB T3), F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, dan F2. Karakter kualitatif menggunakan analisis Mendel dan pendugaan aksi gen karakter kuantitatif menggunakan analisis skala gabungan. Hasil analisis Mendel menunjukkan bahwa karakter warna hipokotil dikendalikan oleh dua pasang gen epistasis dominan-resesif. Gen pengendali warna ungu bersifat dominan terhadap warna hijau pada hipokotil tomat. Panjang hipokotil, panjang dan lebar kotiledon dikendalikan oleh banyak gen dan tidak ada pengaruh tetua betina berdasarkan uji sebaran populai F2. Hasil analisis skala gabungan menunjukkan bahwa aksi gen karakter panjang hipokotil dikendalikan oleh gen aditif dengan pengaruh epistasis aditif dominan, panjang dan lebar kotiledon dikendalikan oleh gen dominan dengan pengaruh epistasis duplikat. Semua karakter yang diamati memiliki nilai heritabilitas arti luas dalam tingkatan yang tinggi, sedangkan heritabilitas arti sempit dalam tingkatan yang sedang.<br />Kata kunci: aksi gen, heritabilitas, hipikotil, kotiledon, marka morfologi.</p>

scholarly journals Pewarisan Sifat Densitas Stomata dan Laju Kehilangan Air Daun (rate leaf water loss RWL) pada Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Adisyahputra Adisyahputra ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono ◽  
Kukuh Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
High Level

The aim of this research is to analyze and examine the inheritance of stomatal density trait and RWL as a variable in drought tolerance ofpeanut. The experiment was conducted by using cv. Kelinci that is sensitive genotype as female parent and US 605 which is tolerantgenotype as male parent, including population off spring from hybrid cv. Kelinci (P1) with US 605 (P2). Stomatal density was determinedby making leaf imprint and by observing leaf imprint under microscope. Relative water loss was determined by dipping peanut leaf in PEG40% for 48 hours. Result of the analysis showed that stomatal density and RWL were not only controlled by qualitative characters of majorgene, but also controlled by quantitative character of minor gene by polygenic with the complex gene action. Both characters seem toinfluence more as genetic factor and have high level fixation additive varians which can give the opportunity to obtain the tolerant offspring.

scholarly journals Evaluating Genetic Parameters and Combining Ability of Starch Viscosity Parameters in Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh ◽  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshadfar
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was undertaken to assess the combining ability of 6 rice varieties, for viscosity parameters and determining gene action controlling Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) characters. F2 progenies derived from a 6×6 half diallel mating design with their parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in 2015. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method indicated the involvement of additive and non-additive gene actions controlling RVA traits. For traits PV and FV RI18447-2 and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing, respectively. Deylamani and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing BV, respectively. Beside, due to more portion of non-additive gene action in controlling trait SV, The Gilaneh × RI18430-46, and Deylamani × RI18430-46 crosses were the best for increasing and decreasing SV, respectively. The high estimates of broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability for BV and FV, indicated the importance of additive effects in expression of these traits. Therefore, selection base breeding methods will be useful to improve these traits and selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favourable genes. Low estimate of narrow sense heritability for SV revealed that non-additive gene effects play important role in controlling setback viscosity. So, hybrid base breeding methods will be useful to improve this trait.

Estimation of genetic parameters and combining ability analysis in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thamodharan ◽  
A. Ramalingam ◽  
S. Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Pod Length

An experiment was carried out in blackgram using line x tester mating design to estimate the gca effect of parents (six lines and five testers) and sca effect of 30 hybrids for yield and its traits. Estimates of gca and sca variances, degree of dominance, predictability ratio and narrow sense heritability revealed that only three trais viz., pods per plant, seeds per pod and single plant yield were controlled by additive gene action and hence showed high narrow sense heritability. Magnitude of non-additive gene action was higher than the additive gene action for traits like plant height, days to 50% flowering, cluster per plant, 100 seed weight, days to maturity, branches per plant and pod length. Three parents ‘MDU1, ADT3 and LBG-752 were the best combiners and three crosses ‘MDU1 x VBN (Bg) 6, LBG-752 x VBN (Bg) 6, LBG-752 x Mash-114 showed high per se performance and significant positive sca for yield. For exploiting both additive and non-additive gene action recurrent selection to be followed to improve yield in blackgram.

Analysis of sugarcane mosaic virus resistance in maize in an isogenic dihybrid crossing scheme and implications for breeding potyvirus-resistant maize hybrids

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1274-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhong Xing ◽  
Christina Ingvardsen ◽  
Raphael Salomon ◽  
Thomas Lübberstedt
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simple Sequence

The gene action of 2 sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) resistance loci in maize, Scmv1 and Scmv2, was evaluated for potyvirus resistance in an isogenic background. All 4 homozygous and 5 heterozygous isogenic genotypes were produced for introgressions of the resistant donor (FAP1360A) alleles at both loci into the susceptible parent (F7) genetic background using simple sequence repeat markers. For SCMV and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), virus symptoms appeared rapidly in the 3 homozygous genotypes, with susceptibility alleles fixed at 1 or both loci. Although the 9 isogenic genotypes revealed a high level of resistance to Zea mosaic virus (ZeMV), the same 3 homozygous genotypes were only partially resistant. This indicates that 1 resistance gene alone is not sufficient for complete resistance against SCMV, MDMV, and ZeMV. Scmv1 showed strong early and complete dominant gene action to SCMV, but it gradually became partially dominant. Scmv2 was not detected at the beginning, showing dominant gene action initially and additive gene action at later stages. Both genes interacted epistatically (for a high level of resistance, at least 1 resistance allele at each of both loci is required). This implies that double heterozygotes at the 2 loci are promising for producing SCMVresistant hybrids. Results are discussed with respect to prospects for isolation of SCMV and MDMV resistance genes.

INHERITANCE OF PERICARP THICKNESS IN SHORT SEASON MAIZE INBREDS

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Ho ◽  
L. W. Kannenberg ◽  
R. B. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Epistasis Analysis ◽  
Graphic Analysis ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Short Season ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pericarp Thickness

Pericarp thickness of 16 short-season inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) ranged from 35 to 126 μm with an overall mean of 82 ± 5 μm. The mode of inheritance of this trait was studied in two experiments. Two inbreds representing the extremes of pericarp thickness, their F1 and F2 generations, and both first generation backcrosses were included in Experiment 1. The inheritance of pericarp thickness proved to be quantitative in nature. All gene effects were significant, but epistatic effects, particularly dominance × dominance, were the largest in this particular cross. This could have resulted from bias due to linkage disequilibrium. Experiment 2 was a diallel set of 5 inbreds to include the parents and all possible single crosses, but not reciprocals. Diallel graphic analysis of these data indicated partial dominance for thin pericarp with minimal epistasis. Analysis II of Gardner and Eberhart showed that the mean square for line effects was several times larger than the heterosis estimates, indicating a high level of additive gene effects. The narrow sense heritability estimate was 72%. Thus selection for specific pericarp thickness should be effective and relatively rapid.

Inheritance of seed protein and seed oil content in early maturing soybean

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. McKendry ◽  
Peter B. E. McVetty ◽  
Harvey D. Voldeng
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Additive Gene

The inheritance of seed protein, seed oil, and the sum of protein and oil was investigated in two early maturing soybean crosses, 'Maple Presto' × 'Sioux' and 'Maple Presto' × X446-2-1, in 2 years (1981 and 1982) at one location (Winnipeg). Analyses of variance of the parental performance over years indicated that the parents differed significantly for all three traits studied and that genotype by year interactions were effectively zero. Generation means analysis indicated that gene action for seed protein was primarily additive, with partial dominance for low protein. Seed oil was also conditioned primarily by additive gene action. Partial dominance was not consistently detected over years and therefore was of minor importance. Additive × additive epistatic effects for seed oil were also detected but were not consistent over years. The sum of seed protein and oil was conditioned solely by additive gene action. Variance analyses indicated a predominance of additive genetic variance for all three traits. Dominance variance was also detected for both seed protein and the sum of protein and oil. Broad sense heritability for the F2 generation ranged from 76 to 83% for seed protein and from 68 to 86% for the sum of protein and oil, while narrow sense heritability ranged from 34 to 72% for seed protein and from 39 to 65% for the sum of protein and oil. Narrow sense heritability values equalled broad sense values for seed oil and ranged from 58 to 68%. Heritability was also estimated from standard unit parent – progeny regression analyses and values for all three traits were found to approach the variance analyses estimated broad sense heritabilities. Comparisons with the results of late maturing soybean crosses are made and implications of the results obtained in this study on early maturing soybean breeding programs are discussed.Key words: Glycine max, heritability, 00 and 000 maturity groups, breeding strategies.

scholarly journals DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF ROUGH BLOSSOM-END SCARRING IN TOMATO

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1172e-1172
Author(s):  
J. H. M. Barten ◽  
J. W. Scott ◽  
J. Elkind ◽  
N. Kedar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Half Diallel

A half diallel including 11 parents was conducted under high temp. conditions in Florida and low temp. conditions in Israel. Blossom scar (BS) size was measured relative to the fruit size for 20 mature fruits per plot. Griffing's analysis showed that both GCA and SCA effects were highly significant at both locations (p< 0.0001). Analysis according to Hayman indicated no epistatic effects. In both environments, additive and dominant gene action was significant (p < 0.0005), although the additive gene effects were most important. Averaged over all loci, the incomplete dominance was in the direction of small BS. Narrow sense heritability estimates were 0.62 and 0.57 for Florida and Israel, respectively. Combined analysis showed that the genetic system was unstable over the 2 environments, as both additive and dominant gene effects interacted significantly with environment (p < 0.0001). The implication for breeding programs is that hybrid performance should be tested at several locations to insure stability of small BS.

Genetic combining, heterosis analysis for horticultural traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using ToLCV-resistant lines and molecular validation of Ty genes

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rahul Chandel ◽  
A. T. Sadashiva ◽  
Kundapura V. Ravishankar ◽  
Anjan Das ◽  
Bichhinna Maitri Rout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl

Abstract Tomato is a pivotal vegetable crop worldwide concerning human nutrition, economy and in service to biotechnology. Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) is a begomovirus transmitted through the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and is responsible for severe losses in tomato production. In this context, the current investigation was carried out to determine heterotic combiners with high yield, resistance to ToLCV and mode of gene action for economically important traits. For this, 11 prescreened inbred lines were crossed in a half diallel fashion to generate 55 F1 hybrids. The 55 crosses with 11 parents and commercial checks were evaluated for different horticultural traits and resistance to ToLCV. The molecular validation with SCAR markers TG0302 and SCAR1 confirmed the presence of ToLCV-resistant genes in parents and their crosses. The hybrid IIHR-2902 × IIHR-2852 showed the presence of both Ty-2 and Ty-3 alleles in the homozygous state. The estimation of σSCA2 and σGCA2 was significant. It also indicated that the genetic control of target traits was under additive and non-additive gene effects. The values of σA/D2 along with σGCA2/σSCA2 found to be less than unity indicates the preponderance of non-additive gene action in the expression of the studied traits except for percent disease incidence. The parental line IIHR-2919 was the best combiner for fruit and yield traits. The cross combinations IIHR-2913 × IIHR-2898 exhibited significantly higher economic heterosis for yield along with the presence of Ty-2 and Ty-3 genes. The study paves the way for breeding high yielding and ToLCV-resistant hybrids in tomato.

scholarly journals Heterosis and combining ability studies by Line × tester analysis for fruit biochemical, morpho-physiological, and yield traits governing shelf life in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
pavan MP ◽  
Gangaprasad S ◽  
Dushyanthakumar B M ◽  
Nagrajappa Adivappar
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Additive Gene

Abstract Improving tomatoes keeping quality is crucial for reducing post-harvest losses. Knowledge on heterosis, and combining ability is pre requisite for breeding high yielding and good shelf life heterotic hybrids. An investigation was undertaken with each of 3 lines, testers, and 9 hybrids to identify desirable parents and crosses for 20 fruit biochemical, morpho-physiological, and yield traits and to elucidate nature of gene action for shelf life and its contributing traits through Line × Tester analysis. The lines contributed to most of hybrids variability than testers and fruit quality traits had higher degree of SCA variance as compared to GCA variance. pH, ascorbic acid, fruit firmness, and plant height governed by additive gene action. Lycopene, titratable acidity, TSS, calcium, magnesium, pericarp thickness, pulp content, locule number, fruit length, diameter, weight, shelf life, number of branches, number of clusters, number of fruit/cluster, and yield/plant were under the control of non-additive gene action. All the lines and Arka Saurabh were best general combiners and IIHR 2349 × Arka Vikas, IIHR 2349 × Arka Saurabh, IIHR 2358 × Arka Ahuti and IIHR 2357 × Arka Ahuti were the best specific combiner in producing heterotic hybrids. IIHR 2349 × Arka Vikas and IIHR 2349 × Arka Saurabh were promising hybrids for high yield and shelf life. The crosses involved both parents with high, one parent with high and other with low and both parents with low good overall general combining ability status respectively indicated the additive, non-additive and epistatic gene action in fruit quality and yield traits inheritance.

scholarly journals GENE ACTION AND HERITABILITY ESTIMATES OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS AMONG LINES DERIVED FROM VARIETAL CROSSES OF SOYBEAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Hakim ◽  
Suyamto Suyamto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Selection Of

<p>The knowledge of genetic action, heritability and genetic variability is useful and permits plant breeder to design efficient breeding strategies in soybean.  The objectives of this study were to determine gene action, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of quantitative characters that could be realized through selection of segregation progenies. The F1 population and F2 progenies of six crosses among five soybean varieties were evaluated at Muneng Experimental Station, East Java during the dry season of 2014.  The lines were planted in a randomized block design with four replications.  The seeds of each F1 and F2 progenies and parents were planted in four rows of 3 m long, 40 cm x 20 cm plant spacing, one plant per hill. The result showed that pod number per plant, seed yield, plant yield and harvest index were found to be predominantly controlled by additive gene effects.  Seed size was also controlled by additive gene effects, with small seed dominant to large seed size.  Plant height was found to be controlled by both additive and nonadditive gene effects.  Similarly, days to maturity was due mainly to additive and nonadditive gene effects, with earliness dominant to lateness.  Days to maturity had the highest heritability estimates of 49.3%, followed by seed size (47.0%), harvest index (45.8%), and pod number per plant (45.5%).  Therefore, they could be used in the selection of a high yielding soybean genotype in the F3 generation. </p>

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