DOD, Memorandum, Biological Warfare - Support of Research and Development in Anti-Animal and Anti-Crop Agents,

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Support Of Research

scholarly journals Rebranding Engineering

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Susan Ipri Brown
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Front Page ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Support Of Research ◽  
Scientific Facts

This article explains why it is important to remove the growing conception that engineering sciences can be treated as a commodity. It highlights that currently, non-engineers are making laws for engineers. These same people evaluate candidate’s statements on the issues and elect officials. An informed electorate—aware of the value of engineering for maintaining the bridges, safety of the cars, etc.—will demand that the public conversation supports and funds these issues. Until engineers’ community gets there, there will be a lack of support for major infrastructure and other long-term projects, budget attacks on funding for and support of research and development programs, and politicians who can ignore scientific facts and still get elected. If engineers’ community gets success in changing the public conversation, more engineers might be encouraged to run for public office. Scientific advisors within the State Department would get public attention and their opinions expressed in front page news articles. However, their efforts will bear only minimal fruit as long as the public conversation stays as it is now.

scholarly journals Building political and financial support for science and technology for agriculture

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1639) ◽  
pp. 20120274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger N. Beachy
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
Support Of Research ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

The high rate of return on investments in research and development in agriculture, estimated at between 20- and 40-fold, provides a strong rationale for increasing financial support for such research. Furthermore, the urgency to provide sufficient nutrition for a growing population amid growing demands for an expanding bioeconomy, while facing population growth and changing global weather patterns heightens the urgency to expand research and development in this field. Unfortunately, support by governments for research has increased at a fraction of the rate of increases in support of research for health, energy, etc. Although there have been significant increases in investments by the private sector over the past two decades, much of the foundational research that supports private-sector activities is generated in the public sector. To achieve the greatest benefits of breakthroughs in research, it may be necessary to reconfigure research funding and technology transfer mechanisms in order to more rapidly apply discoveries to local needs as well as to global challenges. Some changes will likely require significant organizational, administrative and operational changes in education and research institutions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tax Incentives on Research and Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Development Support ◽  
Support Of Research ◽  
Direct Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Funding Research

The goal of this article is to analyze the impact of tax incentives on research and development and compare its effectiveness to direct government support of research and development. The analysis is based on regression analysis, which compares effect of tax incentives for research and development and direct government support (as percentage of GDP) in 28 countries of OECD in 2013 on innovative effectiveness of these countries measured by number of registered triadic patent families per billion GDP in the same year. Results suggest that tax incentives are more effective form of research and development support than direct government funding. Research also revealed interesting case of Switzerland’s research and development performance backed by almost none government support, which should be subject to future study.

Financial support of research and development: state, trends

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
T. V. Pysarenko ◽  
T. K. Kuranda ◽  
O. P. Kochetkova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The World ◽  
Support Of Research

Funding is a necessary condition for the functioning of science in any country, its competitiveness in the global space, a key characteristic of the state of the national scientific and technological complex. Currently, countries with developed economies allocate large funds for the development of science in order to stimulate economic growth, increase the competitiveness of industry, energy and agriculture, health care, environmental protection, national security and others. The article examines the global costs of research and development, trends, funding models in leading countries according to open sources (including the National Center for Scientific and Technical Statistics of the US National Science Foundation, the Statistical Office of the European Union, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development, etc.). The growth of expenditures on research and development, the systematic growth of science-intensive GDP — the main trend in the development of the world’s economic elite in recent decades. The significant increase in expenditures for the period 2000–2017 partly reflects the intensification of economic competition among the countries of the world. The current state of financing of scientific and scientific-technical works in Ukraine is shown on the basis of statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and information on the financial support of research and development in the priority areas of science and technology, which were performed at the expense of the state budget. the comparison of the volumes of financing of the scientific sphere in Ukraine and the countries of the world is carried out.

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