Introduction : Pentecostalism and Indigenous Peoples in the West

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The West

Konsep Sains dan Teknologi pada Masyarakat Tradisional di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Johar Maknun
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
West Java ◽  
Formal Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Oxygen Gas ◽  
Traditional Communities

ABSTRAKSI: Nilai-nilai luhur budaya yang dimiliki kelompok masyarakat di Indonesia sudah merupakan milik bangsa sebagai potensi yang tak ternilai untuk pembangunan dan kemajuan bangsa. Di lingkungan masyarakat tradisional Jawa Barat terbangun sains asli yang berbentuk pesan, adat-istiadat yang diyakini oleh masyarakatnya, dan disampaikan secara turun-temurun tentang bagaimana harus bersikap terhadap alam. Masyarakat adat yang tidak mendapatkan pengetahuan formal tentang peran gas oksigen, karbondioksida, serta siklus karbon di alam, menerapkan pengetahuan tradisional berupa amanat leluhur untuk menjaga hutan dan air dengan cara tidak menebang hutan sembarangan. Teknologi yang berkembang pada masyarakat tradisional Sunda, salah satunya, bisa diamati pada bangunan tradisional berupa rumah panggung. Sistem kekuatan pada rumah panggung menggunakan ikatan, sambungan “pupurus”, dan pasak. Tidak ada paku, mur, dan baut, karena dilarang oleh adat dan bertentangan dengan aturan leluhur mereka atau tabu. Nilai-nilai luhur dan budaya lokal tersebut tetap dipertahankan dan diwariskan kepada generasi berikutnya yang hidup di era modern. KATA KUNCI: Sains Modern dan Tradisional; Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan; Kearifan Lokal; Masyarakat Sunda; Rumah Panggung. ABSTRACT: “The Concept of Science and Technology in Traditional Communities in West Java Province, Indonesia”. The noble values of culture owned by community groups in Indonesia have belonged to the nation as an invaluable potential for the development and progress of the nation. In the West Java traditional community, the original science in the form of messages, customs that are believed by the community, and passed down from generation to generation about how to behave towards nature. Indigenous peoples who do not get formal knowledge of the role of oxygen gas, carbon dioxide, and the carbon cycle in nature, applying traditional knowledge of ancestral mandates to preserve forests and water by not cutting down forests indiscriminately. The technology that developed in Sundanese traditional society, one of them, can be observed in the traditional building in the form of a stage house. The power system of the house on stilts uses ties, connections, and pegs. There were no nails, nuts, and bolts, for it was forbidden by custom and against their ancestral rules or taboos. These valuable values and local cultures are maintained and passed on to the next generation living in the modern era.KEY WORD: Modern and Traditional Science; Environmental Friendly Technology; Local Wisdom; Sundanese People; Stage House.About the Author: Dr. Johar Maknun adalah Dosen Senior pada Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Arsitektur FPTK UPI (Fakultas Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia), Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi No.229 Bandung 40154, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Alamat emel: [email protected] to cite this article? Maknun, Johar. (2017). “Konsep Sains dan Teknologi pada Masyarakat Tradisional di Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Vol.2(2), September, pp.127-142. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 25, 2017); Revised (April 30, 2017); and Published (September 30, 2017).

scholarly journals Alterity and Occidentalism in Fourteenth-Century Icelandic Texts: Narratives of Travel, Conversion, and Dehumanization

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Arngrímur Vídalín
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Saga Literature

This article analyses five fourteenth-century Old Norse travel narratives in light of the learned geographical tradition of medieval Iceland. Three of the narratives, Þorvalds þáttr víðfǫrla, Eiríks saga víðfǫrla, and Yngvars saga víðfǫrla, focus on the travels of Nordic people to eastern Europe and Asia; while the latter two, Eiríks saga rauða and Grœnlendinga saga, tell of travels to the continent later named North America. While the travels to the East deal with pilgrimage and the search for the terrestrial Paradise in the service of individual salvation and missionary activities in Scandinavia and Iceland more specifically, the travels to the West are focused on the violent conquest and Christianization of newfound peripheral areas and their peoples. What these narratives have in common, and owe to the learned (Plinian) tradition, is their dehumanized view of foreign and strange people: the giants and monsters of the East, and the skrælingar (indigenous peoples) and einfœtingar (sciopods) of the West. In these sagas travels to the East, while dangerous, introduce heroes to courtly manners, encyclopedic knowledge, and salvation; whereas travels to the West lead to mayhem and death and all attempts at settlement there fail miserably, making Greenland the westernmost outpost of Christianity in the world. This article aims to show how this learned tradition was adapted for use in saga literature to contrast the monstrous and heathen periphery with the more central and piously Christian Iceland.

Red Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Rindfleisch
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Merchant Networks

The Red Atlantic is a concept by scholars in Native American history and Native American and Indigenous studies (NAIS) to address one of the perennial issues facing the study of the Atlantic world: the exclusion of the Indigenous Peoples of North America. In many years of existence, Atlantic world studies has focused on the movement of peoples (immigrants, slaves), goods (trade, food, diseases, etc.), and empires across the Atlantic Ocean, but rarely do such works engage with how Indigenous Americans contributed to, negotiated, and at times dictated transatlantic movements and connections. Instead, Indigenous Americans remain obstacles of empire, faceless suppliers of transatlantic goods like deerskins, peripheral figures who occupied the fringes of the Atlantic world, or proverbial boogeymen to transatlantic migrants (i.e., invaders) who settled in North America. However, as scholars of the Red Atlantic have articulated, our understandings of the Atlantic world—whether about merchant networks in New England and the West Indies or Spanish missions in Mesoamerica and Florida—are limited and altogether incomplete if Indigenous Peoples are relegated to the margins of the Atlantic world. In fact, there is much that scholars can learn from the Red Atlantic. For instance, groups like the Wabanaki were maritime people, like their European and African counterparts, as their everyday lives and cultures revolved around interactions with the Atlantic Ocean, such as enfolding European merchant networks into their own economies or turning to piracy to combat imperial expansion in their territories. Meanwhile, scholars of the Red Atlantic have brought to life the Indian slave trade in 17th- and 18th-century New France, between French and Algonquian peoples who carved out a traffic in human beings that connected Canada to France, the West Indies, and Africa, before the wholesale importation of African peoples. Indigenous American languages and local knowledge also shaped how European natural scientists came to understand foreign places, flora, and fauna, as Europeans proved dependent on Native knowledge systems to gain a better understanding of the world around them. In so many instances like these, the Red Atlantic demonstrates how to broaden interpretations of the Atlantic world paradigm and how to provide a more inclusive, holistic understanding of history. What follows is a sample of some of the most important works that have spurred or contributed to the Red Atlantic and concludes with those that have most recently nuanced, complicated, or redirected Atlantic world studies.

GLOBAL ENCOUNTERS: SLAVERY AND SLAVE LIFEWAYS ON NINETEENTH CENTURY DANISH PLANTATIONS ON THE GOLD COAST, GHANA

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw Bredwa-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Tropical Crops ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Oral Information

The global processes unleashed due to the European maritime exploration and commercial activities as from 1500 AD onwards affected indigenous peoples and cultures of the Atlantic world. In West Africa, the European presence precipitated the Atlantic slave trade, which involved the exportation of millions of Africans into slavery. In the nineteenth century a so-called legitimate trade in colonial agricultural commodities replaced the Atlantic slave trade. As a result, the Danes established agricultural plantations on the Gold Coast and exported tropical crops for processing and consumption in Denmark and the West Indies. Enslaved Africans were used by the Danes to cultivate the plantations in the foothills of the Akuapem Mountains and along the estuary of the Volta River. This paper combines information from written sources, ethnography, oral information and archaeology to investigate the living conditions of the enslaved workers on the plantations. The archaeological data was recovered from the Frederiksgave plantation at Sesemi near Abokobi in the Akuapem Mountains of southeastern Gold Coast (Ghana).

How the West Was Fun: Children’s Literature and Frontier Mythmaking toward the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
Brian Rouleau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The United States ◽  
Juvenile Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Western History ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of

Abstract This article discusses the important role that juvenile literature played in creating America’s frontier mythos. It argues that children were a crucial audience for adult authors seeking to justify and normalize settler colonial policies. But, more importantly, young people themselves were active participants in the perpetuation of a popular culture that glorified westward expansion and the eradication of Indigenous peoples. In acknowledging as much, we arrive at a richer understanding of the important intersections between western history and the history of childhood in the United States.

scholarly journals From James Legge to Evangeline Edwards: The Role of Scottish and Other Missionaries in the Formation of Sinology in Britain

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Brian Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Missionary Movement

Over the last half-century, the foreign missionary movement from the West has attracted much academic scrutiny from historians of imperial encounters with indigenous peoples. More recently, scholars have also begun to draw attention to the significance of missionaries, former missionaries or their progeny, as repositories of specialist linguistic and cultural knowledge of Asia and Africa who were indispensable to Western governments and universities and whose influence was sometimes formative in shaping conceptions of the non-European world. 1 This article addresses one aspect of this broader theme, namely the leading role played by missionaries or former missionaries in the development of the academic discipline of sinology in Britain. Particular emphasis is placed on the contributions of two missionaries with strong connections to Scotland. One of these, James Legge, is well known. The other, Evangeline (‘Eve’) Dora Edwards, has been almost entirely forgotten.

scholarly journals Keeping Loyalty and Regulating Insubordination: Freemen and the Edmonton House Fur Trade, 1821-1828

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hereward Longley
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Red River ◽  
Hudson's Bay Company ◽  
The West ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hudson’S Bay Company

This paper examines the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) Edmonton House Journals and district reports from 1820-1829 to assess the relationship between the HBC and Freemen over the decade immediately following the merger between the HBC and Northwest Company (NWC). I argue that although numbers of Freemen associated with Edmonton House decreased substantially as Freemen moved to the Red River and Columbia River regions after the merger, Freemen associated with Edmonton House provided an essential supply of food and fur that bolstered both the viability and profitability of the post, and served as an invaluable buffer between the HBC and Indigenous peoples. Freemen often moved fluidly between bush and post, procuring food and furs for the fort, at times engaging in contract labour around the fort, or accompanying trapping and exploration missions alongside fort employees. By the end of the decade, it appears that many Freemen were able to eliminate their debts with the HBC and establish more autonomous communities. In the fort Edmonton region, the 1820s can perhaps be viewed as a point of emergence for Freemen communities as they gained greater autonomy from fur trade companies and increased the size of their families. Growth in the independence and size of Freemen bands in the 1820s may be considered as a root of Métis ethnogenesis in the West.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GAMAT MUSIC AS A PROTOTYPE OF BANDAR ART IN THE WEST SUMATERA COASTAL AREA (PESISIR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Martarosa Martarosa
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
The West ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, the city of Padang has been dubbed the metropolis of the island of Sumatera. This is because the population of the Europeans who live there is relatively higher than other cities in Sumatera. An influence of this condition appears to be the phenomenon of Western-style music which was introduced to the indigenous peoples (Bandar natives). The appropriation of this musical style from various cultures such as of Portuguese (European), Malay and Minangkabau eventually became known as Gamat. Nowadays, the well-known Gamat is part of the identity of the culture, especially for Minangkabau in the West Sumatera coastal area.

scholarly journals Social Preservation of Traditional Administration of Indigenous Peoples — The Ho Tribe in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Christina Deogam
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public

Indigenous peoples have distinguished cultural traditions and linguistic identity. Across the world, Indigenous peoples have always asked the State to recognise their social structure and opportunities to preserve their traditional lifestyles. The issues at stake are their rights over habitat and natural resources and the need to curtail private and public sector exploitation through alien hands. Due to the need to survive, helplessness and systematically forced assimilation, the traditional fabric of their culture are being distorted and defaced. This study deals with the concerns and issues relating to the protection of identity, tradition and customs of Ho tribe that inhabits the West Singhbhum in the State of Jharkhand in India.

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