Editors and Guidelines for the Authors, MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN Journal, Edition of September 2020

MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan (Indonesian Journal for Educational Studies) This journal, with ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online), was firstly published on March 11, 2016, by UPI (Indonesia University of Education) Press in Bandung and orgnized by the Lecturers of UPI Journal Developer Team. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN is a new version journal from the old journal with the similar name that was published since 1995 to 2005. This journal is dedicated not only for Indonesian scholars who concern about educational studies, but also welcome to the scholars of Southeast Asian countries and around the world who care and share related to the educational studies in general. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN journal is published twice a year i.e. every March and September.Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: September 30, 2020.Andi Suwirta, M.Hum. Managing Editor of MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN Journal in Bandung; and Lecturer at the FPIPS UPI (Faculty of Social Studies Education, Indonesia University of Education), Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected]

The Visual Culture of Tolerance in Three Bali’s Artworks of Balinese Artist: Putu Sutawijaya, 1998-2010

ABSTRACT: The contemporary life in the era of globalization marked by the fast forward of the tremendous IT (Information Technology). The information discharge excessively needs to have filter to separate the information visually and verbally. This paper studies the culture of tolerance in Balinese artist Putu Sutawijaya, on his three creations, to showed how the spirituality of Hindu’s religion promulgate and develop the tolerance figure of his idea as form, which is an assertive spiritual attitude in the name of tolerance in plurality. Every society from a country, including Indonesia, must have a variety of differences, both culture, religion, race, value system, customs, habits, and history. While the spirituality was defined in descriptive analysis, historical anthropologist, and using the Wilhem Dilthey (2010)’s Hermeneutics Theory. The study of cultural tolerance in Putu Sutawijaya case can be found in his three contemporary works: “Fire Sleep for a Moment” in 1998; “In Between” in 2000; and “Solidarity” in 2004. The novelty of this research is an effort to show how the Indonesia’s visual culture has a culture and religion tolerance as its main topics.KEY WORD: Visual Culture; Tolerance; Contemporary Artworks; Putu Sutawijaya. ABSTRAKSI: “Budaya Visual tentang Toleransi dalam Tiga Karya Seni Seniman Bali: Putu Sutawijaya, 1998-2010”. Kehidupan kontemporer di era globalisasi ditandai dengan pesatnya kemajuan IT (Informasi Teknologi). Pembuangan informasi secara berlebihan perlu adanya filter untuk memisahkan informasi secara visual dan verbal. Makalah ini mengkaji budaya toleransi dari seniman Bali Putu Sutawijaya, pada tiga karyanya, untuk menunjukkan bagaimana spiritualitas agama Hindu menyebarluaskan dan mengembangkan sosok toleransi dari gagasannya sebagai wujud, yaitu sikap spiritual yang tegas atas nama toleransi dalam pluralitas. Setiap masyarakat dari suatu negara, termasuk Indonesia, pasti memiliki perbedaan yang beragam, baik budaya, agama, ras, sistem nilai, adat-istiadat, kebiasaan, dan sejarah. Manakala, spiritualitas didefinisikan dalam analisis deskriptif, antropologi sejarah, dan menggunakan Teori Hermeneutika dari Wilhem Dilthey (2010). Kajian tentang toleransi budaya dalam kasus Putu Sutawijaya dapat ditemukan dalam tiga karya seni kontemporernya: “Fire Sleep for a Moment” [Matikan Api Sejenak] pada tahun 1998; “In Between” [Diantara] pada tahun 2000; dan “Solidarity” [Solidaritas] pada tahun 2004. Kebaruan penelitian ini merupakan upaya untuk menunjukkan bagaimana budaya visual Indonesia memiliki budaya dan toleransi beragama sebagai topik utamanya.KATA KUNCI: Budaya Visual; Toleransi; Karya Seni Kontemporer; Putu Sutawijaya.About the Author: Muhammad Wasith Albar, M.Hum. is a Lecturer of Art History at the Department of History, Faculty of Humanities UI (University of Indonesia), Depok UI Campus, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia. For academic interests, the Author is able to be contacted via e-mail address at: [email protected] Citation: Albar, Muhammad Wasith. (2020). “The Visual Culture of Tolerance in Three Bali’s Artworks of Balinese Artist: Putu Sutawijaya, 1998-2010” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 5(2), September, pp.143-160. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Article Timeline: Accepted (July 17, 2020); Revised (August 17, 2020); and Published (September 30, 2020).

Contents and Forewords of MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN Journal, Edition of September 2020

MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan (Indonesian Journal for Educational Studies) This journal, with ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online), was firstly published on March 11, 2016, by UPI (Indonesia University of Education) Press in Bandung and orgnized by the Lecturers of UPI Journal Developer Team. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN is a new version journal from the old journal with the similar name that was published since 1995 to 2005. This journal is dedicated not only for Indonesian scholars who concern about educational studies, but also welcome to the scholars of Southeast Asian countries and around the world who care and share related to the educational studies in general. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN journal is published twice a year i.e. every March and September.Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: September 30, 2020.Prof. Dr. Haji Mohammad Fakry GaffarEditor-in-Chief of MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN Journal in Bandung; and Lecturer at the FIP UPI (Faculty of Education, Indonesia University of Education), Bandung, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected]

Implementasi Model Pendidikan Masyarakat pada Era Globalisasi

ABSTRAKSI: Pendidikan Masyarakat, atau DIKMAS, pada era globalisasi merupakan pendidikan yang dirancang untuk membantu mengembangkan kemampuan intelektual dan tanggung jawab masyarakat dalam menghadapi tantangan yang berdaya saing tinggi. Hal ini perlu direspons oleh pemerintah dengan menerapkan DIKMAS, agar program pendidikan wajib belajar 12 tahun tetap berlangsung atau tidak terkendala, mengingat potensi daerah yang heterogen dan masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk. Kajian ini, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan, mengeksplorasi lebih lanjut tentang implementasi model DIKMAS, terutama dari segi karakteristik kawasan di Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara mengukur langsung dan analisis dokumen. Populasi sebanyak 27 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat, sedangkan data diambil dari tahun 2013-2018. Berdasarkan analisis terpadu, sebagian besar masyarakat perkotaan telah mampu beradaptasi dengan tantangan era globalisasi; beberapa kota memiliki potensi perkembangan pendidikan pesat; serta memiliki dampak arus globalisasi, seperti Kota Bandung, Kota Bekasi, dan Kota Depok, yang tercermin dari uji kelayakan setiap Kota. Walau bagaimanapun, masih terdapat kesenjangan kualitas pendidikan dan pelayanan pendidikan di perkotaan Jawa Barat. KATA KUNCI: Kebijakan Pendidikan; Era Globalisasi; Pendidikan Masyarakat; Karakteristik Kawasan. ABSTRACT: “Implementation of the Community Education Model in the Globalization Era”. Community Education, or COMED, in the era of globalization is an education designed to help develop intellectual abilities and community responsibility in facing highly competitive challenges. This needs to be responded by the government by implementing COMED, so that the 12 year education compulsory program will continue or not be constrained, given the potential for heterogeneous regions and a pluralistic Indonesian society. This study, using research and development methods, explores further the implementation of the COMED model, especially in terms of regional characteristics in West Java, Indonesia. Data were collected by direct measuring and document analysis. The population was 27 Districts/Cities in West Java Province, while the data were taken from 2013-2018. Based on an integrated analysis, most urban communities have been able to adapt to the challenges of the globalization era; some Cities have the potential for rapid educational development; and has the impact of globalization, such as Bandung City, Bekasi City, and Depok City, which is reflected in the feasibility test of each City. However, there are still gaps in the quality of education and education services in urban of West Java.KEY WORD: Education Policy; Globalization Era; Community Education; Regional Characteristics. About the Authors: Ricky Wirasasmita, M.Pd. dan Erry Hendriawan, M.Pd. adalah Dosen di STKIP (Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan) Pasundan, Jalan Permana No.32-B Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Untuk kepentingan akademik, Penulis bisa dihubungi dengan alamat emel: [email protected] Suggested Citation: Wirasasmita, Ricky Erry Hendriawan. (2020). “Implementasi Model Pendidikan Masyarakat pada Era Globalisasi” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 5(2), September, pp.161-176. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Article Timeline: Accepted (July 21, 2020); Revised (August 25, 2020); and Published (September 30, 2020).

Integrasi Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan di SMK Negeri 10 Kota Bandung

ABSTRAKSI: Pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal Sunda memiliki keunggulan tersendiri, karena dapat memanfaatkan kultur masyarakat Sunda untuk diintegrasikan dengan pembelajaran. “Babasan” dan “Paribasa” merupakan bagian dari nilai-nilai kearifan lokal, yang merupakan suatu tradisi lisan yang berkembang seiring tumbuh-kembangnya masyarakat Sunda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan naturalistik kualitatif, yang mengacu pada kondisi lingkungan alamiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang terkandung dalam “Pupuh Sekar Ageung”, yang disebut dengan KSAD (Kinanti, Sinom, Asmarandana, dan Dangdanggula). Karakter yang muncul dalam “Pupuh” tersebut selaras dengan karakteristik kewirausahaan, yakni: bekerja keras, kreatif, mandiri, dan jujur; sedangkan dalam “Babahasan” dan “Paribasa” terdapat nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang selaras dengan sikap-sikap kewirausahaan. Dengan terciptanya pembelajaran yang terintegrasi dengan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal, maka siswa mampu bersaing di era globalisasi tanpa melupakan akar budayanya sendiri.KATA KUNCI: Integrasi Nilai-nilai; Kearifan Lokal Sunda; Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan. ABSTRACT: “The Integration of Local Wisdom Values in the Entrepreneurship Learning in Public Vocational High School 10 of Bandung City”. Sundanese local wisdom-based learning has its own advantages, because it can take advantage of Sundanese culture to be integrated with learning. “Babasan” (Adage) and “Paribasa” (Proverb) are part of local wisdom values, which are an oral tradition that develops along with the development of Sundanese society. The method used is descriptive method with a qualitative naturalistic approach, which refers to natural environmental conditions. The results showed that there were local wisdom values contained in “Pupuh Sekar Ageung” (Great Flower Song), which was called the KSAD (Kinanti, Sinom, Asmarandana, and Dangdanggula). The characters that appear in the “Pupuh” (Song) are in line with entrepreneurial characteristics, namely: working hard, being creative, independent, and honest; while in “Babahasan” and “Paribasa”, there are local wisdom values that are consistent with entrepreneurial attitudes. With the creation of integrated learning with local wisdom values, students are able to compete in the globalization era without forgetting their own cultural roots.KEY WORD: Integration of Values; Sundanese Local Culture; Entrepreneurship Learning. About the Authors: Prof. Dr. Endang Komara adalah Guru Besar Magister Pendidikan IPS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial) di STKIP (Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan) Pasundan, Jalan Permana No.32-B Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Mohamad Ibrahim Adiraharja, M.Pd. adalah Dosen FISS UNPAS (Fakultas Ilmu Sastra dan Seni, Universitas Pasundan), Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi No.193 Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Untuk kepentingan akademik, Penulis bisa dihubungi dengan alamat emel: [email protected] dan [email protected] Citation: Komara, Endang Mohamad Ibrahim Adiraharja. (2020). “Integrasi Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan di SMK Negeri 10 Kota Bandung” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 5(2), September, pp.117-130. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Article Timeline: Accepted (May 2, 2020); Revised (July 3, 2020); and Published (September 30, 2020).

Aktiviti di Luar Waktu Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Moral di Malaysia: Satu Pengenalan

ABSTRAKSI: Artikel ini mengupas rasional di sebalik pengenalan ALPdP (Aktiviti di Luar waktu Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran) Pendidikan Moral di Malaysia. Seramai tujuh orang peserta kajian, yang terdiri daripada guru Pendidikan Moral daripada enam buah sekolah, telah terlibat secara langsung dalam kajian ini. Kaedah kualitatif dengan menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes telah digunakan dalam pengumpulan data. Dapatan data bagi kajian ini dikutip melalui temu bual, pemerhatian, dan penelitian dokumen. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa silibus baharu Pendidikan Moral, iaitu KSSM (Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah), bukan sahaja diajar di dalam kelas malah diselitkan juga dengan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di luar waktu dan dijalankan oleh guru di luar bilik darjah selama 32 jam. ALPdP merupakan komponen baharu dan telah mula dilaksanakan dalam kalangan murid Pendidikan Moral menengah rendah bermula tahun 2017. Penambahbaikan secara berterusan perlu diberi perhatian oleh pihak Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia agar keberkesanan ALPdP ini dapat dimantapkan dan menjadi proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang bermakna kepada murid. KATA KUNCI: Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah; Aktiviti di Luar Waktu Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran; Pendidikan Moral di Malaysia. ABSTRACT: “Moral Education Activities Beyond Teaching and Learning in Malaysia: An Introduction”. This article explores the rationale behind the introduction of TLAOC (Teaching and Learning Activities Outside the Classroom) in Malaysia. A total of seven study participants consisting of Moral Education teachers from six schools were directly involved in this study. Qualitative methods using case study design have been used in data collection. The data obtained for this study were collected through one-to-one interviews, observation, and documents reviews. The results show that the new syllabus of Moral Education, the SCSS (Standard Curriculum for Secondary School), is not only taught in the classroom but is also integrated with teaching and learning outside of the classroom and conducted by teachers for 32 hours. The TLAOC is a new component that has been implemented among lower secondary Moral Education students beginning in 2017. Continuous improvement needs to be given attention by the Ministry of Education Malaysia, so that the effectiveness of TLAOC can be strengthened and become a meaningful teaching and learning process for students. KEY WORD: Standard Curriculum for Secondary School; Teaching and Learning Activities Outside the Classroom; Moral Education in Malaysia. About the Austhors: Vijaya Malani Verasamy ialah Pelajar Sarjana (Master) di Jabatan Asas Pendidikan dan Kemanusiaan, Fakulti Pendidikan UM (Universiti Malaya), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Vishalache Balakrishnan, Ph.D. ialah Profesor Madya di Jabatan Asas Pendidikan dan Kemanusiaan, Fakulti Pendidikan UM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Bagi urusan sebarang akademik, Penulis boleh dihubungi secara terus melalui emel di: [email protected] dan [email protected] Citation: Verasamy, Vijaya Malani Vishalache Balakrishnan. (2020). “Aktiviti di Luar Waktu Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Moral di Malaysia: Satu Pengenalan” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 5(2), September, pp.131-142. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Article Timeline: Accepted (July 27, 2020); Revised (August 31, 2020); and Published (September 30, 2020).

Assessing and Enhancing Emotional Intelligence among Nigerian Librarians

ABSTRACT: The democratization process in Nigeria has been dismally slow owing to issue of leadership in Nigeria, especially among the librarians. Researchers have attributed this prevalent tendency of the Nigerian librarians not being able to manage library failures and successes to inadequacies of emotional intelligence requisite for career progression and professional self-actualization. There is dearth of research in the area of assessing and enhancing emotional intelligence among Nigerian librarians. Attempts made to uncover related studies in this area have proved abortive. It is anticipated that the position of this paper will provide baseline information for research as to how emotional intelligence affects leadership styles in the library organisation. By using the qualitative approaches and literature review, this study tries to elaborate key concepts of leadership and its relationship with the Nigerian librarians, such as: Concept of Emotional Intelligence; Emotional Intelligence and Leadership; Leadership and Leadership Style; the Transformational-Transactional Leadership Style Theory by J.M. Burns was Used to Explain the Concept of Leadership Style; and Relevance of J.M. Burns Theory to this Study. KEY WORD: Assessing; Enhancing; Emotional Intelligence; Nigerian Librarians. ABSTRAKSI: “Menilai dan Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Emosional diantara Pustakawan Nigeria”. Proses demokratisasi di Nigeria berjalan sangat lambat karena isu kepemimpinan di Nigeria, khususnya di kalangan pustakawan. Para peneliti telah mengaitkan kecenderungan umum dari pustakawan Nigeria yang tidak mampu mengelola kegagalan dan keberhasilan perpustakaan ini dengan ketidakcukupan kecerdasan emosional yang diperlukan untuk kemajuan karier dan aktualisasi diri profesional. Ada kelangkaan penelitian di bidang menilai dan meningkatkan kecerdasan emosional diantara pustakawan Nigeria. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengungkap studi terkait di bidang ini terbukti gagal. Posisi makalah ini diantisipasi akan memberikan informasi dasar untuk penelitian tentang bagaimana kecerdasan emosional mempengaruhi gaya kepemimpinan dalam organisasi perpustakaan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kajian pustaka, penelitian ini mencoba menguraikan konsep-konsep kunci kepemimpinan dan hubungannya dengan pustakawan Nigeria, seperti: Konsep Kecerdasan Emosional; Kecerdasan Emosional dan Kepemimpinan; Kepemimpinan dan Gaya Kepemimpinan; Teori Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional-Transaksional oleh J.M. Burns Digunakan untuk Menjelaskan Konsep Gaya Kepemimpinan; serta Relevansi Teori J.M. Burns dengan Studi ini.KATA KUNCI: Menilai; Meningkatkan; Kecerdasan Emosional; Pustakawan Nigeria. About the Authors: Prof. Adetoun Omolola Idowu, Ph.D. is a Lecturer at the Department of Library Science, Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences, UNILORIN (University of Ilorin) in Ilorin, Nigeria. Lateef Omotosho Adegboyega, Ph.D. is a Lecturer at the Department of Counsellor Education, Faculty of Education, UNILORIN in Ilorin, Nigeria. For academic interests, the Authors are able to be contacted via e-mail address at: [email protected] and [email protected] Citation: Idowu, Adetoun Omolola Lateef Omotosho Adegboyega. (2020). “Assessing and Enhancing Emotional Intelligence among Nigerian Librarians” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 5(2), September, pp.101-116. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Article Timeline: Accepted (July 27, 2020); Revised (Agustus 30, 2020); and Published (September 30, 2020).

Info-MIMBARDIK-Edutainment, Edition of September 2020

MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan (Indonesian Journal for Educational Studies) This journal, with ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online), was firstly published on March 11, 2016, by UPI (Indonesia University of Education) Press in Bandung and orgnized by the Lecturers of UPI Journal Developer Team. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN is a new version journal from the old journal with the similar name that was published since 1995 to 2005. This journal is dedicated not only for Indonesian scholars who concern about educational studies, but also welcome to the scholars of Southeast Asian countries and around the world who care and share related to the educational studies in general. The MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN journal is published twice a year i.e. every March and September.Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: September 30, 2020.Prof. Dr. Haji M. Solehuddin Honorable Patron of MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN Journal in Bandung; and Rector of UPI (Indonesia University of Education) for Period 2020 to 2025, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected]

The Use of WhatsApp in Reading Lesson at the STMIK Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to figure out the effects of WhatsApp mobile learning in teaching reading to students in the 2nd semester of Informatics Technique Program at the STMIK (College of Computer Science Management) Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Experimental study is the research design applied to figure out more the effect of WhatsApp usage by the learners in reading lesson. The classes are grouped into experimental and control groups. Students in experimental group have additional learning activities, besides the normal class in the classroom, that is additional learning using WhatsApp mobile learning; but students in control group just have the normal class as usual in the classroom. Questionaires, WhatsApp platforms, and Pre-post tests become the sources of data collection used. The results indicated that WhatsApp mobile learning usage in learning reading skill to the 2nd semester students of Informatics Technique Program at the STMIK Pontianak shows an insignificant results of this study. So, it is needed to support from other institutions for the ease and decent WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) access for using WhatsApp in mobile phone assisted learning.KEY WORD: Mobile Phone Assisted Learning; Reading Lesson; Using WhatsApp. ABSTRAKSI: “Penggunaan WhatsApp dalam Pelajaran Membaca di STMIK Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia”. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi “WhatsApp” pada telefon genggam didalam pembelajaran membaca pada mahasiswa Program Teknik Informatika semester 2 di STMIK (Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Ilmu Komputer) Pontianak. Studi eksperimen adalah desain penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh pengaruh penggunaan “WhatsApp” oleh para mahasiswa dalam pelajaran membaca. Kelas dikelompokkan menjadi kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Para mahasiswa di kelas eksperimen mempunyai aktivitas belajar tambahan, selain belajar rutin di kelas, yaitu tambahan belajar menggunakan aplikasi “WhatsApp” pada telefon genggam; tetapi para mahasiswa di kelas kontrol hanya belajar seperti pada umumnya didalam kelas. Kuestioner, program “WhatsApp”, dan pra-pasca tes menjadi sumber pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan “WhatsApp” pada telefon genggam dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca pada mahasiswa semester 2 Program Teknik Informatika di STMIK Pontianak menunjukkan hasil yang tidak memuaskan. Jadi, diperlukan dukungan dari lembaga lain untuk kemudahan dan akses WiFi (Jaringan Internet) untuk menggunakan “WhatsApp” dalam pembelajaran berbantukan telefon genggam. KATA KUNCI: Pembelajaran Berbantukan Telefon Genggam; Pelajaran Membaca; Penggunaan “WhatsApp”.About the Author: Susanti, M.Pd. is a Lecturer of Information System at the STMIK (Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Ilmu Komputer or College of Computer Science Management) Pontianak, Jalan Merdeka Barat No.372, Kota Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. For academic interests, the Author is able to be contacted via e-mail address at: [email protected] Suggested Citation: Susanti. (2020). “The Use of WhatsApp in Reading Lesson at the STMIK Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 5(1), March, pp.57-74. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online).Article Timeline: Accepted (January 9, 2020); Revised (February 28, 2020); and Published (March 30, 2020).

Predisposing Factors of Recidivism as Perceived by Prison Officers in Kwara State, Nigeria: Implications for Counselling Practice

ABSTRACT: Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study and a researcher-designed questionnaire tagged PFRQ (Predisposing Factors of Recidivism Questionnaire) was used to obtain relevant information. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted to select 250 prison officers from all the five prison centers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Findings showed that prison officers perceived factors, such as non-availability of employment opportunities for ex-convicts, problem of where to start a new life after release from prison among others. The results, further, revealed significant difference in predisposing factors of recidivism as perceived by prison officers based on years in service, but no significant difference was found based on gender. It was recommended that counsellors should endeavour to beam their searchlight into issues of crime, imprisonment, and recidivism; counsellors should also liaise with different NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations), including faith-based to assist released offenders to achieve ease of re-integration into the society.KEY WORD: Predisposing Factors; Recidivism; Prison Officers; Kwara State in Nigeria. ABSTRAKSI: “Faktor-faktor Predisposisi Residivisme yang Dipersepsikan oleh Petugas Penjara di Negara Bagian Kwara, Nigeria: Implikasi bagi Praktek Konseling”. Desain survei deskriptif diadopsi untuk penelitian ini dan kuesioner yang dirancang oleh peneliti yang diberi label PFRQ (Faktor-faktor Predisposisi Kuesioner Residivisme) digunakan untuk memperoleh informasi yang relevan. Teknik pengambilan sampel multi-tahap diadopsi untuk memilih 250 petugas penjara dari semua lima pusat penjara di Negara Bagian Kwara, Nigeria. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa petugas penjara memahami faktor-faktor, seperti tidak tersedianya kesempatan kerja bagi mantan narapidana, masalah dimana memulai kehidupan baru setelah dibebaskan dari penjara antara lain. Hasilnya, lebih lanjut, mengungkapkan perbedaan signifikan dalam faktor predisposisi residivisme seperti yang dirasakan oleh petugas penjara berdasarkan tahun dalam pelayanan, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan signifikan yang ditemukan berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Dianjurkan agar konselor harus berusaha untuk memberikan sorotan mereka kedalam masalah kejahatan, penjara, dan residivisme; konselor juga harus bekerja sama dengan berbagai LSM (Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat), termasuk berbasis agama, dalam membantu pelanggar yang dibebaskan untuk mencapai kemudahan integrasi kembali kedalam masyarakat.KATA KUNCI: Faktor Predisposisi; Residivisme; Petugas Penjara; Negara Bagian Kwara di Nigeria.About the Author: Lateef Omotosho Adegboyega, Ph.D. is a Lecturer at the Department of Counsellor Education, Faculty of Education UNILORIN (University of Ilorin), Ilorin, Nigeria. For academic interests, the Author is able to be contacted via e-mails adrress at: [email protected] and [email protected] Suggested Citation: Adegboyega, Lateef Omotosho. (2020). “Predisposing Factors of Recidivism as Perceived by Prison Officers in Kwara State, Nigeria: Implications for Counselling Practice” in MIMBAR PENDIDIKAN: Jurnal Indonesia untuk Kajian Pendidikan, Volume 5(1), March, pp.1-14. Bandung, Indonesia: UPI [Indonesia University of Education] Press, ISSN 2527-3868 (print) and 2503-457X (online). Article Timeline: Accepted (January 15, 2020); Revised (February 21, 2020); and Published (March 30, 2020).