scholarly journals Seed morphology of bladderworts: a survey on Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma (Lentibulariaceae) with taxonomic implications

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 167 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristine Gobbo Menezes ◽  
EDUARDO CUSTÓDIO GASPARINO ◽  
PAULO CESAR BALEEIRO ◽  
VITOR FERNANDES OLIVEIRA DE MIRANDA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Species from Utricularia sect. Foliosa and sect. Psyllosperma were studied based on seed characteristics. Our goals were to search for informative characters useful to species delimitations, especially for very polymorphic species such as U. amethystina, and also to provide an identification key and discussion about the delimitation of both sections. The qualitative characters of seeds were more useful than quantitative ones for taxonomic purposes but, as presented here in an identification key, it was impossible to distinguish three species from each other (Utricularia huntii, U. praelonga and U. tridentata). Our results are not enough for deep speculations about the delimitation of both sections. However, they do not agree with Taylor’s system, because it was impossible to separate the studied species in two clearly different groups. However, the variability found in the seed characters was evaluated in this work and we also briefly discussed the ecologic implications of some seed traits.

Seed morphology of Portulaca (Portulacaceae) in Cuba and taxonomic implications

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 513 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
JOSÉ ANGEL GARCÍA-BELTRÁN ◽  
DUNIEL BARRIOS ◽  
ELDIS R. BÉCQUER ◽  
SALVADOR ARIAS
Keyword(s):  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Association Patterns ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
Mature Seeds

Portulaca is the only genus in Portulacaceae and includes ca. 115 species with worldwide distribution. 12 species (one naturalized) occur in Cuba. The taxonomic value of seeds characters for the circumscription of species, by comparing macro- and micromorphological characters, is analyzed. The seeds of Cuban purslanes do not present association patterns between types of undulations of the anticline walls. The relief of their periclinal walls allows the corroborate certain variation in the distribution range of some species. The delimitation of Portulaca species in Cuba using seeds characters, provided as an identification key and descriptions, confirms the taxonomic value of such characters and strengthens the circumscriptions supported by the rest of the plant structures. This is largely given by the standardization of macromorphological terms with a micromorphological basis, the color of the mature seeds and their dimensions.

scholarly journals Seed Morphology of Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) from Central Asian Countries and Its Taxonomic Implications

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh ◽  
Jae Kyoung Lee ◽  
Ju Eun Jang ◽  
Min Su Park ◽  
Nikolai Friesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Seed Testa

We studied seed macro- and micro-morphological characteristics of 48 Allium species (51 accessions) belonging to 24 sections and 7 subgenera. Our taxonomic sampling focused on the central Asian regions of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia. The seed length ranged between 1.74 ± 0.16–4.47 ± 0.43 mm and width ranged between 1.06 ± 0.08–3.44 ± 0.23 mm, showing various shapes. The irregular and elongated polygonal testa cells occurred in all investigated species. Seed testa sculptures showed high variation in their anticlinal walls associated with different shapes: straight to with U-, S- or Omega-type undulations among the species. The moderately flat to convex periclinal walls with various sized verrucae or granules were found in all investigated taxa. Based on our research, we conclude that seed characteristics such as size, shape, and the seed testa features show their significant variability, revealing key characteristics to support taxonomic relationships and major clades recovered in the molecular phylogeny of the genus Allium. Especially, the anticlinal wall characteristics were highly variable and decisive at the both section and species levels. In addition, widely varied shapes and sizes of the seeds were remarkably effective to distinguish Allium species.

A review of the Asian species of the genus Pachysternum (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3219 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN FIKÁČEK ◽  
FENGLONG JIA ◽  
ALEXANDER PROKIN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Molecular Characters

The Asian species of the genus Pachysternum Motschulsky, 1863 are revised and redescribed. Three new species are de-scribed: Pachysternum kubani sp. nov. (Laos, China: Sichuan), P. rugosum sp. nov. (China: Gansu, Shaanxi) and P. san-dacanum sp. nov. (Malaysia: Sabah, Sarawak). Three new synonyms are established: Megasternum gibbulumMotschulsky, 1866 and Pachysternum sibiricum Kuwert, 1890 are junior synonyms of Pachysternum haemorrhoumMotschulsky, 1866; Pachysternum nigritum Jia, Wu & Pu, 1998 is a junior synonym of P. stevensi Orchymont, 1926.Pachysternum keralense Hebauer, 2002 is transferred to the pilocnemoides group of the genus Australocyon Hansen,1990. Megasternum japonicum Shatrovskiy, 1989 is resurrected from the synonymy with M. gibbulum and considered asa valid name. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Pachysternum apicatum Motschulsky, 1863, P. curva-tum Orchymont, 1925, P. haemorrhoum Motschulsky, 1866, P. nigrovittatum Motschulsky, 1863, P. sibiricum Kuwert,1890, Megasternum gibbulum Motschulsky, 1866 and M. distinctum Sharp, 1873. All Pachysternum species are diag-nosed, relevant morphological characters are illustrated, and an updated identification key is provided. Pachysternum api-catum is interpreted as a polymorphic species exhibiting high geography-based variation and possibly consisting of somesibling taxa; diagnosing of these taxa requires more material and additional (ideally molecular) characters and is therefore left unresolved at the present time.

Seed morphology of perennial taxa of Euphorbia section Pithyusa (Euphorbiaceae) in Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 336 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
İLKER GENÇ ◽  
ŞÜKRAN KÜLTÜR
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study based on seed morphology of perennial Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) sect. Pithyusa species occurring in Turkey is presented. A total of 14 species were studied. Seed characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as dissecting light microscopy. Significant features are: seed size, seed shape, shape of caruncle and seed surface ornamentation. Three different seed surface types (smooth, pitted, and wrinkled) were observed. Four main seed shapes (ovoid, oblong, quadrangular, and globose), as well as seven types of seed coat ornamentation (reticulate-areolate, areolate, alveolate, falsifoveate, pusticulate, colliculate and smooth) were found. The number of testa cells per 100 µm2 and also its range, from 8–12 to 57–63, are given.

scholarly journals THE HEDYOTIS–OLDENLANDIA–KOHAUTIA COMPLEX (RUBIACEAE) IN NEPAL: A STUDY OF FRUIT, SEED AND POLLEN CHARACTERS AND THEIR TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Neupane ◽  
S. Dessein ◽  
T. J. Motley
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Pollen Characters ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Fruit Dehiscence ◽  
Natural Groups ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pollen and seed characters of 12 Nepalese representatives of the Hedyotis–Oldenlandia–Kohautia complex (Spermacoceae s.l.; Rubiaceae) were investigated morphologically using scanning electron and light microscopy. The members of the complex were found to show remarkable variation in fruit, seed and pollen features. Pollen grains were all colporate with the aperture number varying from 3–4 to occasionally 5. The ectoaperture was a colpus, and the endoaperture was an endocingulum, a lalongate endocolpus or an endocolpus combined with an annulus around the mesoporus. Sexine ornamentation was variable, being perforate, reticulate or microreticulate. Three species were found to have a double reticulum. Supratectal elements were generally absent, but sometimes muri were beset with granules. Seeds were numerous per capsule, small and non-crateriform. Three types of seed were distinguished based on shape: (1) lenticular with a narrow wing-like margin, (2) trigonous, and (3) globose/subglobose. Trigonous seeds exhibited marked variation in colour, size and shape. On the basis of the pollen and seed characters, used in combination with the type of fruit dehiscence, five natural groups are identified for Nepalese taxa. The generic status of Hedyotis, Oldenlandia and Kohautia is maintained but some species are transferred from Hedyotis to Oldenlandia. Pollen and seed morphology, together with the type of fruit dehiscence, proved to be helpful in delimiting supra- and infrageneric groups within the Hedyotis–Oldenlandia–Kohautia complex.

Comparative seed morphology of the Antillean genus Calycogonium (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) as a source of characters to untangle its complex taxonomy

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELDIS R. BÉCQUER ◽  
FABIÁN A. MICHELANGELI ◽  
THOMAS BORSCH
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Shape And Size

In order to assess seed morphology 47 species of Miconieae (Melastomataceae) from the Antilles were studied. The majority of these species belong to Calycogonium, a complex genus that has been shown to be polyphyletic, but for which we lack for many species any recent and suitable material for molecular systematics studies. A better understanding of homoplastic versus synapomorphic seed characters may therefore be helpful to illuminate the affinities of such species. Some taxa from Clidemia, Miconia, Ossaea, Pachyanthus and Tetrazygia were also sampled due to their morphological similarities with some species of Calycogonium. Variable seed characters include overall shape and size, raphe shape and size, and testa sculpturing. Based on these characters we grouped the species in five seed types, and an additional three species were found to have distinctive seeds that were not grouped with any other species. Species with identical seed types often belong to more than one genus as currently classified. There are five groups of species within Calycogonium characterized by similar seed morphology but none of the respective seed types is exclusive to the genus. Some of these seed types correlate well with previously proposed subgeneric groups of Calycogonium based on flower morphology and presences and type of leaf domatia. While the occurrence of some seed characters and states matches species groups in Calycogonium also found with molecular phylogenetic analyses, seed morphology generally indicates relationships of Calycogonium and allied taxa of the Caribbean clade that are not completely reflected by the current generic classification. The study provides a matrix for seed characters of the included species that will serve further phylogenetic reconstruction and analyses of character evolution.

Taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny and morphology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL H.J. BARFUSS ◽  
WALTER TILL ◽  
ELTON M.C. LEME ◽  
JUAN P. PINZÓN ◽  
JOSÉ M. MANZANARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Stigma Morphology

A taxonomic revision of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae is presented based on a multi-locus DNA sequence phylogeny (viz., plastid DNA loci rpoB-trnC-petN, trnK-matK-trnK, and ycf1, and the nuclear DNA gene PHYC) and new or re-evaluated morphology (e.g., leaf, inflorescence, sepal, petal, ovary, stigma, stamen, pollen, ovule, and seed morphology). This enables the circumscription of monophyletic units using synapomorphic combinations of diagnostic morphological characters. Stigma morphology has proven to be indicative for super-specific taxa in Tillandsioideae. One new stigma type and several subtypes of previously described stigmas were found. The four tribes proposed earlier are mostly confirmed, but Catopsideae replaces the formerly used name Pogospermeae for the monotypic tribe of Catopsis. In addition, the two new subtribes Cipuropsidinae and Vrieseinae are proposed within tribe Vrieseeae. Several new genera are established to render taxonomic units monophyletic and morphologically well circumscribed. They represent segregates of either Mezobromelia (Gregbrownia: 4 spp.), Tillandsia (viz., Barfussia: 3 spp., Josemania: 5 spp., Lemeltonia: 7 spp., Pseudalcantarea: 3 spp., and Wallisia: 4 spp. and 1 hybrid), or Vriesea (viz., Goudaea: 2 spp., Jagrantia: 1 sp., Lutheria: 4 spp., Stigmatodon: 18 spp., and Zizkaea: 1 spp.). The new subgenera Tillandsia subg. Pseudovriesea and T. subg. Viridantha are established, and T. subg. Aerobia is resurrected. An identification key to all accepted genera of Bromeliaceae subfam. Tillandsioideae is provided. Furthermore, to clarify nomenclatural uncertainties, typifications are proposed for Catopsis subg. Tridynandra, Thecophyllum [unranked] Biflorae, Tillandsia subg. Aerobia, T. sect. Caricifoliae, T. sect. Conostachys, T. sect. Cyathophora, T. sect. Eriophyllum, T. sect. Macrocyathus, T. sect. Platystachys Baker auct. non al., Tillandsia sect. Strepsia, Vriesea subg. Conostachys Mez auct. non al., T. lindenii K. Koch auct. non al., and T. macropetala.

scholarly journals Seed Characteristics Diversity in Sponge Gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill.) Germplasms from Hatay Region in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Kazım MAVİ ◽  
Kazim GÜNDÜZ ◽  
Dilek YILDIRIM ◽  
Fulya UZUNOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Seed Characteristics

The objective of this study was to evaluate seed characteristics of sponge gourd, to establish a core collection of sponge gourd with the germplasm collected throughout the Hatay region. A mini-core collection was assessed for morphological performance and some seed traits. Substantial variations of seed characteristics: seed length, seed width, seed thickness (mm), seed index (length/width), seed size (length × width, mm2), seed colour, seed-coat surface, seed shape, seed wing, and 100-seed weight were investigated. Seed length, width and thickness were varied as 15.12-8.97 mm, 9.71-6.25 mm and 2.86-2.16 mm respectively. The seed sizes were determined from small (31 DÖ 06) to big (31 DE 04). Seed colours were ranged from black to white, even a brown colour like 07 MA 01. A hundred seed weights were observed as 16.43 g (31 AL 02) and 7.41 (31 DÖ 06). The results of dendrogram indicated that seed traits of the sponge gourd genotypes were separating in five groups. This collection of sponge gourds will be useful for the gene pools and a wide range of phenotypic variations to provide a good source of diversity for developing of sponge gourd cultivars in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Pollen grains and seed-morphology as related to Biochemical Patterns in five species of genus Ocimum L (Lamiaceae Juss.) of Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Wael Taha Kasem
Keyword(s):  
Seed Protein ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>This study aims to investigate the pollen and seed characters by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) as related to biochemical data of seed protein and esterase isoenzymes by SDS-PAGE technique in the five Saudi Arabian <em>Ocimum</em> L. species. The detailed description for pollen and seed in addition electrophoretic patterns were conducted by means of numerical analyses based on thirty-nine parameters. The pollen grains were zonocolpate, hexacolpate, prolate to subprolate. Three types of exine ornamentation were recognized, perforate, reticulate and granulate. Also,  The periclinal, the anticlinal and the boundaries between cells are described by the aid of SEM which exhibited four main distinct types of nutlets sculpture undulate, quirky, circular and straight. Molecular patterns of protein profiles and esterase (EC.3.1.1.1) showed that esterase could be considered as positive markers than protein, minimum and maximum gene / gene expression of esterase isoenzymes are demonstrated. The relationships between the studied taxa were demonstrated as a phenogram. </p>

scholarly journals Latitudinal and Longitudinal Trends of Seed Traits Indicate Adaptive Strategies of an Invasive Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Zhou ◽  
Hongwei Yu ◽  
Kaiwen Yang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Wandong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Highly Correlated

Invasive plants may change their seed traits to adapt to the environment and facilitate their performance. Studies on variation in seed traits among populations of an invader along latitudes/longitudes may assist in revealing how invasive plants cope with variable climates. In this study, we collected seeds of 26 populations of the global invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia along ranges spanning 23° latitudes and 20° longitudes that are highly correlated in its invasive range in China. We measured over 20 seed traits, including seed morphology, phytohormone, nutrients, and germination, and investigated how the climate along the latitudes affects those traits. We found that germination time was significantly delayed with increasing latitude and longitude, while the reversed patterns were true for the germination rate. From low to high latitude, seed size, abscisic acid, and fatty acid were increased, likely affecting seed germination. Our analysis further demonstrated that temperature is the dominant driver of the variability in seed traits and germination. Germination rates of larger seeds in cold ranges were lower, while smaller seeds from warm ranges germinated faster, likely indicating adaptive strategies of the invasive plant in seed trait functional ecology. Together, our findings provide new insights into understanding the seed adaptation strategies during the invasion process and the underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved.

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