scholarly journals Resolving Tiarosporella spp. allied to Botryosphaeriaceae and Phacidiaceae

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO W. Crous ◽  
Michael M. Müller ◽  
Romina M. Sánchez ◽  
Lucrecia Giordano ◽  
M. Virginia Bianchinotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
5.8S Rrna Gene

The type species of the genus Tiarosporella, T. paludosa, is epitypified and confirmed as a member of the Botryosphaeriaceae. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU, 28S) and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5.8S rRNA gene of the nrDNA operon, the genus Tiarosporella is shown to be poly- and paraphyletic. A group of isolates morphologically similar to T. paludosa cluster to the Phacidiaceae (Phacidiales, Leotiomycetes) and we accommodated them in Darkera, a genus associated with needle diseases of conifers, with D. picea introduced as a novel taxon. This new taxon includes isolates occurring on needles of Picea spp. in Europe (Finland, Norway and Switzerland) and differs from D. parca according to a five-locus alignment consisting of ITS, LSU, partial 18S nuclear ribosomal RNA, translation elongation factor 1-alpha and beta-tubulin genes. Four novel genera are introduced for tiarosporella-like fungi, namely Eutiarosporella based on E. tritici on Triticum aestivum from South Africa, Marasasiomyces based on M. karoo on Eriocephalus sp. from South Africa, Mucoharknessia based on M. cortaderiae on Cortaderia selloana from Argentina, and Sakireeta based on S. madreeya on Aristida setacea from India. Together with the genus Botryobambusa, these genera represent a subclade in the Botryosphaeriaceae that is ecologically diverse, occurring on Poaceae, as well as woody hosts, including endophytes, saprobes, and plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Morpho-Molecular Identification of Botryosphaeriales Species from Guizhou Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Asha J. Dissanayake ◽  
Ya-Ya Chen ◽  
Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon ◽  
Jian-Kui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna

Botryosphaeriales is an important order of diverse fungal pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes distributed worldwide. Recent studies of Botryosphaeriales in China have discovered a broad range of species, some of which have not been formerly described. In this study, 60 saprobic isolates were obtained from decaying woody hosts in southwestern China. The isolates were compared with other species using morphological characteristics, and available DNA sequence data was used to infer phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef) loci. Three novel species were illustrated and described as Botryobambusa guizhouensis, Sardiniella elliptica, and Sphaeropsis guizhouensis, which belong to rarely identified genera within Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryobambusa guizhouensis is the second species identified from the respective monotypic genus. The previously known species were identified as Aplosporella hesperidica, Barriopsis tectonae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, Di. neojuniperi, Di. pseudoseriata, Di. sapinea, Di. seriata, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Do. yunnana, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Sardiniella celtidis, Sa. guizhouensis, and Sphaeropsis citrigena. The results of this study indicate that numerous species of Botryosphaeriales are yet to be revealed in southwestern China.

Phylogeny of Sisymbrium (Brassicaceae) based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1002-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne I Warwick ◽  
Ihsan A Al-Shehbaz ◽  
Robert A Price ◽  
Connie Sauder
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
New World ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Old World ◽  
5.8S Rrna Gene

The genus Sisymbrium as currently circumscribed includes about 94 species disjunctly distributed in the Old (41 spp.) and the New World (53 spp.). Sisymbrium has been variously delimited, with several segregate genera proposed (subtribe Sisymbriinae) primarily for the new World taxa, including Schoenocrambe, Coelophragmus, and Mostacillastrum. Using sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the 5.8S rRNA gene (collectively, ITS region), we examined the evolutionary relationships of Old and New World Sisymbrium species with its segregate genera and the validity of O.E. Schulz's classical sectional treatment of Sisymbrium. Sequence data were obtained from 33 Sisymbrium species, representing all 14 sections and two Sisymbrium species formerly assigned to segregate genera Coelophragmus and Mostacillastrum (subtribe Sisymbriinae), and two putative Sisymbrium species currently assigned to Neotorularia. Sequence data were also obtained from 26 taxa from segregate or related genera includingSchoenocrambe, Werdermannia (subtribe Sisymbriinae), eight genera in the Thelypodieae, Sibara (tribe Arabideae) and Pringlea (tribe Pringleeae), four members of the tribe Brassiceae, and three other Neotorularia species. Results from maximum parsimony analysis showed a polyphyletic origin for Sisymbrium and did not correspond well to Schulz's sectional classification. Sisymbrium species were split into three major clades: Old World Sisymbrium (including Neotorularia aculeolata, Neotorularia afghanica, and the type species of Schoenocrambe, Schoenocrambe linifolia, the sole New World member of this Old World clade); New World Sisymbrium (along with the remaining New World taxa) and designated as the New World Thelypodieae alliance; and the tribe Brassiceae ( including Sisymbrium supinum and Sisymbrium thellungii).Key words: Sisymbrium, Schoenocrambe, ITS, Thelypodieae, taxonomy, Brassicaceae.

Phylogenetic classification and generic delineation of Hydeomyces desertipleosporoides gen. et sp. nov., (Phaeosphaeriaceae) from Jebel Akhdar Mountain in Oman

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 391 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA ◽  
HIRAN A. ARIYAWANSA ◽  
DHANUSHKA N. WANASINGHE ◽  
MONIKA C. DAYARATHNE ◽  
NADIYA A. AL-SAADY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Specimens of a new pleosporalean taxon were obtained on the bark of Juniperus excels from the northern mountains of Oman; from the Jebel Akhdar (‘Green Hills’). Sequence analyses based on the regions of large subunit rRNA (LSU), small subunit rRNA (SSU), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) were performed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the new taxon in Phaeosphaeriaceae. The data concluded that the taxon represents a novel genus of the family Phaeosphaeriaceae and the generic name Hydeomyces and the species name H. desertipleosporoides are introduced for the new taxon. An outline of the characters which differentiate the new genus from phylogenetically closely related genera Dematiopleospora and Dlhawksworthia is given and its morphology of asexual and sexual morphs is described.

scholarly journals Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Favolaschia calocera Complex (Mycenaceae) with Descriptions of Four New Species

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1397
Author(s):  
Qiu-Yue Zhang ◽  
Yu-Cheng Dai
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Three New Species

Favolaschia calocera was originally described from Madagascar, and reported to have a worldwide distribution. In the current study, samples of the Favolaschia calocera from Central America, Australia, China, Kenya, Italy, New Zealand, and Thailand were analyzed by using both morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic analyses were based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) dataset, and the combined five-locus dataset of ITS, large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene (mt-SSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nu-SSU), and the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1). Our study proves that Favolaschia calocera is a species complex, and six species are recognized in the complex including four new species. Three new species F. brevibasidiata, F. brevistipitata, and F. longistipitata from China; and one new species F. minutissima from Asia. In addition, Favolaschia claudopus (Singer) Q.Y. Zhang & C. Dai, earlier treated as a variety of Favolaschia calocera R. Heim, were raised to species rank. Illustrated descriptions of these five new taxa are given. An identification key and a comparison of the characteristics of species in the Favolaschia calocera complex are provided.

scholarly journals First report of Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii associated with canker and dieback of apple trees in southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Abraham YIRGU ◽  
Alemu GEZAHGNE ◽  
Tesfaye ALEMU ◽  
Minette HAVENGA ◽  
Lizel MOSTERT
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
First Report ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
5.8S Rrna Gene

Cultivation of apple trees in the highlands of Ethiopia began in 1955. In 2014, blistering of the bark due to cankers on the main stems mostly below the grafting points, followed by dieback and eventually death of apple trees, was observed in apple orchards in the Hadiya Zone in Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify the causal agent of canker and dieback symptoms on the apple trees. Symptomatic trunks from 20 trees (ten per cultivar) were sampled. Isolations were performed from ten trunks (five per cultivar). Fungus colonies with similar cultural features were obtained from all the samples, and the morphology of a representative isolate was characterized. Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and 5.8S rRNA gene, large subunit and actin gene regions confirmed the identity of two isolates as Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii. Pathogenicity was confirmed for one isolate by inoculations of healthy branches of ‘Anna’ and ‘Dorsett Golden’ apple trees resulting in lesion formation, and subsequent re-isolation of the inoculated fungus. This study is the first report of D. rubi-ulmifolii associated with dieback of apple trees. This pathogen caused death of more than 26% of apple trees in one commercial orchard, and could cause severe losses for smallholder apple growers in Ethiopia. Future studies are required to assess the magnitude, distribution and management options of this economically important canker disease in Ethiopia.

Srinivasania Sundarbanensis gen. et sp. nov., a New Agglutinated Benthic Foraminifer from the World's Largest Mangrove Ecoregion, the Sundarbans, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Tushar Kaushik ◽  
Anupam Ghosh ◽  
Thirumalai M ◽  
Ishita Das
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
The Sundarbans

ABSTRACT We describe Srinivasania sundarbanensis n. gen. et sp. nov., a multichambered textulariid foraminifer from the world's largest mangrove ecosystem, the Sundarbans, India. The new genus has an agglutinated wall structure, planispirally coiled test, and a single high-arched equatorial aperture located at the base of the final chamber with a narrow, agglutinated lip and with morphological similarity to the genera GobbettiaDhillon, 1968, and HaplophragmoidesCushman, 1910. Phylogenetic analyses, using partial small subunit rRNA gene, partial large subunit rRNA gene, and concatenated (LSU+SSU) sequence data clearly show the placement of this new taxon among other textulariid foraminifers, distant from all other genera in a strongly supported clade. In the new genus and species, the test is discoidal, measuring 100 to 350 µm in diameter with six to seven chambers in the final whorl. Elemental characterization (SEM-EDS) of the agglutinated test wall reveals a preference for quartz grains (SiO2) to construct its test. It is a common species and is presently known only from the northern marsh environments of Indian Sundarbans.

scholarly journals Metschnikowia drakensbergensis sp. nov. and Metschnikowia caudata sp. nov., endemic yeasts associated with Protea flowers in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 3724-3732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara de Vega ◽  
Beatriz Guzmán ◽  
Sandy-Lynn Steenhuisen ◽  
Steven D. Johnson ◽  
Carlos M. Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Elongation Factor 2 ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna

In a taxonomic study of yeasts recovered from nectar of flowers and associated insects in South Africa, 11 strains were found to represent two novel species. Morphological and physiological characteristics and sequence analyses of the large-subunit rRNA gene D1/D2 region, as well as the actin, RNA polymerase II and elongation factor 2 genes, showed that the two novel species belonged to the genus Metschnikowia. Metschnikowia drakensbergensis sp. nov. (type strain EBD-CdVSA09-2T = CBS 13649T = NRRL Y-63721T; MycoBank no. MB809688; allotype EBD-CdVSA10-2A = CBS13650A = NRRL Y-63720A) was recovered from nectar of Protea roupelliae and the beetle Heterochelus sp. This species belongs to the large-spored Metschnikowia clade and is closely related to Metschnikowia proteae, with which mating reactions and single-spored asci were observed. Metschnikowia caudata sp. nov. (type strain EBD-CdVSA08-1T = CBS 13651T = NRRL Y-63722T; MycoBank no. MB809689; allotype EBD-CdVSA57-2A = CBS 13729A = NRRL Y-63723A) was isolated from nectar of Protea dracomontana, P. roupelliae and P. subvestita and a honeybee, and is a sister species to Candida hainanensis and Metschnikowia lopburiensis. Analyses of the four sequences demonstrated the existence of three separate phylotypes. Intraspecies matings led to the production of mature asci of unprecedented morphology, with a long, flexuous tail. A single ascospore was produced in all compatible crosses, regardless of sequence phylotype. The two species appear to be endemic to South Africa. The ecology and habitat specificity of these novel species are discussed in terms of host plant and insect host species.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Life Modes in Stictidaceae, with Three Novel Taxa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Vinodhini Thiyagaraja ◽  
Robert Lücking ◽  
Damien Ertz ◽  
Samantha C. Karunarathna ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Monte Carlo Sampling ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Character State ◽  
Phenotypic Data

Ostropales sensu lato is a large group comprising both lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, with several lineages expressing optional lichenization where individuals of the same fungal species exhibit either saprotrophic or lichenized lifestyles depending on the substrate (bark or wood). Greatly variable phenotypic characteristics and large-scale phylogenies have led to frequent changes in the taxonomic circumscription of this order. Ostropales sensu lato is currently split into Graphidales, Gyalectales, Odontotrematales, Ostropales sensu stricto, and Thelenellales. Ostropales sensu stricto is now confined to the family Stictidaceae, which includes a large number of species that are poorly known, since they usually have small fruiting bodies that are rarely collected, and thus, their taxonomy remains partly unresolved. Here, we introduce a new genus Ostropomyces to accommodate a novel lineage related to Ostropa, which is composed of two new species, as well as a new species of Sphaeropezia, S. shangrilaensis. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of mitochondrial small subunit spacers (mtSSU), large subunit nuclear rDNA (LSU), and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence data, together with phenotypic data documented by detailed morphological and anatomical analyses, support the taxonomic affinity of the new taxa in Stictidaceae. Ancestral character state analysis did not resolve the ancestral nutritional status of Stictidaceae with confidence using Bayes traits, but a saprotrophic ancestor was indicated as most likely in a Bayesian binary Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (MCMC) approach. Frequent switching in nutritional modes between lineages suggests that lifestyle transition played an important role in the evolution of this family.

Integrating genomics into the taxonomy and systematics of the Bacteria and Archaea

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongsik Chun ◽  
Fred A. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Microbial World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Type Strains

The polyphasic approach used today in the taxonomy and systematics of the Bacteria and Archaea includes the use of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data. The use of 16S rRNA gene sequence data has revolutionized our understanding of the microbial world and led to a rapid increase in the number of descriptions of novel taxa, especially at the species level. It has allowed in many cases for the demarcation of taxa into distinct species, but its limitations in a number of groups have resulted in the continued use of DNA–DNA hybridization. As technology has improved, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided a rapid and cost-effective approach to obtaining whole-genome sequences of microbial strains. Although some 12 000 bacterial or archaeal genome sequences are available for comparison, only 1725 of these are of actual type strains, limiting the use of genomic data in comparative taxonomic studies when there are nearly 11 000 type strains. Efforts to obtain complete genome sequences of all type strains are critical to the future of microbial systematics. The incorporation of genomics into the taxonomy and systematics of the Bacteria and Archaea coupled with computational advances will boost the credibility of taxonomy in the genomic era. This special issue of International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology contains both original research and review articles covering the use of genomic sequence data in microbial taxonomy and systematics. It includes contributions on specific taxa as well as outlines of approaches for incorporating genomics into new strain isolation to new taxon description workflows.

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