Morphology and molecular studies on large Neidium species (Bacillariophyta) of North America, including an examination of Ehrenberg’s types

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keely E Lefebvre ◽  
Paul B Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New York State ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Work

The genus Neidium contains a large array of diatoms with a wide range in structural and morphological forms. Many of the larger species in this genus are old taxa dating back to the 1800s. However, there continues to be confusion over these large species including N. iridis, N. dilatatum, N. firma, and N. amphigomphus. In this study, selected Neidium taxa from North America were examined using LM and SEM images from both Ehrenberg’s original samples and present day samples from Ontario (Canada) and New York State (USA). As well, Neidium individuals were isolated from Adriondack Park, NY (USA) and Ontario (Canada), amplified using a nested PCR protocol and sequenced for rbcL and 18S barcoding genes. The sequence data was concatenated to construct phylogenetic trees using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Analysis techniques. Here we present emended species descriptions and sequence data of four previously named Neidium taxa: N. tumescens, N. hitchcockii, N. dilatatum and N. amphigomphus. In addition, we designate isolectotypes for N. hitchcockii, N. dilatatum and N. amphigomphus. A new species is also formally described—N. fossum, sp. nov.—with a designated holotype and sequence data. Neidium fossum is distinguished by its size, longitudinal canal structure, central area and proximal raphe ends. Future work combining traditional morphological methods and phylogenetic methods will allow for further delineation of Neidium species and other diatom taxa.

scholarly journals Trichothecene Genotype Composition of Fusarium graminearum Not Differentiated Among Isolates from Maize Stubble, Maize Ears, Wheat Spikes, and the Atmosphere in New York

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. Kuhnem ◽  
Pierri Spolti ◽  
Emerson M. Del Ponte ◽  
Jaime A. Cummings ◽  
Gary C. Bergstrom
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
New York State ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Genotype Composition ◽  
Maize Stubble

In order to test the hypothesis that the trichothecene genotype composition of local populations of Fusarium graminearum is structured by specific habitats, a collection of 1,407 isolates was obtained from overwintered maize stubble, mature maize ears and wheat spikes, and the atmosphere 1.5 m aboveground during the flowering stage of these crops. These isolates were sampled at three diverse agricultural locations in New York State: namely, Aurora (sampled in 2012 and 2013) in central New York, Belmont (sampled in 2013) in southwestern New York, and Willsboro (sampled in 2013) in northeastern New York. Approximately 100 isolates of F. graminearum from each habitat were collected within a 10-mile2 area in each location. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used to identify three main B-trichothecene genotypes—3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-ADON, or nivalenol (NIV)—based on amplification of portions of Tri3 and Tri12 genes. All but the NIV genotype were detected. The 15-ADON genotype predominated in most locations; frequencies were 92% (652/709) at Aurora, 78% (332/379) at Belmont, and 53% (167/319) at Willsboro. Frequencies of any genotype did not differ in general among the four habits in each location. An exception was in Aurora 2012, where only 5 in 24 3-ADON isolates were found in samplings from the air and grains of both crops. As viewed by the composition of trichothecene genotypes, local populations of F. graminearum appear not to be structured by these four habitats inclusive of pathogenic and saprophytic phases of the fungus life cycle. The similar frequency of 3-ADON and 15-ADON in eastern New York (Willsboro), which is less than 400 km away from the Aurora sampling location in the central area of the state, suggests that regional populations may be differentiated based on selection associated with climatic or landscape features not currently identified.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Involving Novel Genotypes in Wildlife from Lower New York State

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1154-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Perz ◽  
Sylvie M. Le Blancq
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
New York State ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
York State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Pcr Products

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium, an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. We performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of Cryptosporidium. A PCR-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (n = 111) collected from September 1996 to July 1998 from three areas in lower New York State. Southern analysis revealed 22 fecal samples containingCryptosporidium small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA; these included 10 of 91 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) samples, 3 of 5 chipmunk (Tamias striatus) samples, 1 of 2 white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) samples, 1 of 2 striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) samples, 1 of 5 racoon (Procyon lotor) samples, and 6 of 6 muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) samples. All of the 15 SSU PCR products sequenced were characterized asCryptosporidium parvum; two were identical to genotype 2 (bovine), whereas the remainder belonged to two novel SSU sequence groups, designated genotypes 3 and 4. Genotype 3 comprised four deer-derived sequences, whereas genotype 4 included nine sequences from deer, mouse, chipmunk, and muskrat samples. PCR analysis was performed on the SSU-positive fecal samples for three otherCryptosporidium loci (dihydrofolate reductase, polythreonine-rich protein, and beta-tubulin), and 8 of 10 cloned PCR products were consistent with C. parvum genotype 2. These data provide evidence that there is sylvatic transmission of C. parvum involving deer and other small mammals. This study affirmed the importance of wildlife as potential sources ofCryptosporidium in the catchments of public water supplies.

Access Management

2005 ◽  
Vol 1931 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Jerome Gluck ◽  
Jean Michel ◽  
Michael Geiger ◽  
Maya Varughese
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New York State ◽  
High Volume ◽  
York State Department ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Access Management ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Wide Range

This paper discusses issues encountered in developing a retrofit project for a roadway in a densely developed, commercialized area. The project was initiated, directed, and funded by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). Numerous major shopping centers and a high volume of through traffic produce congestion and affect safety. NY-27, also known as Sunrise Highway, is a principal arterial in suburban Long Island. The conditions along NY-27 reflect what happens when development approvals are granted by local land use agencies without sufficient consideration of whether the transportation system can accommodate the associated traffic. NYSDOT, in this case, was put in the position of attempting to implement a retrofit project to mitigate the traffic and safety conditions. The proximity of shopping center driveways to each other and to nearby intersections results in weaving movements and heavy turning-movement volumes that block the through travel lanes and cause overlapping conflicts. The significant traffic congestion and high accident rate reflect the problems caused by inadequate access spacing and need for improved access management. The improvement options identified represented a wide range of access management strategies and configurations. The options were screened and modified to reflect community desires and business concerns. This paper reviews operational and safety problems, identifies a theoretical access configuration along the NY-27 corridor that could mitigate these problems, and reviews the alternative that was approved and is being progressed. The approved alternative reflects real-world considerations that affect a retrofit project.

scholarly journals Bottled water selection and health considerations from multi-element analysis of products sold in New York state

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Chiarenzelli ◽  
Christina Pominville
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
New York State ◽  
Water System ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Wide Range

Nineteen bottled water products were purchased from stores in Potsdam and Wappingers Falls, New York and analyzed for 71 inorganic elements by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The wide range in elemental concentrations observed suggests considerable variation in source water composition, processing, and treatment. Comparison with samples from a typical small municipal water system (Potsdam, New York) was made to evaluate the differences between bottled and municipal water and in many cases little difference is apparent. With the exception of one sample of tonic water and one mineral water, all bottled waters tested meet United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) primary standards for drinking water supplies. Ingestion of some of the waters could provide significant percentages of the reference daily intakes (RDI) of key trace elements. Knowledge of the inorganic chemistry of bottled water can help consumers select the brands best suited to their individual health needs or preferences.

scholarly journals Taxonomic circumscription of melanconis-like fungi causing canker disease in China

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 89-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlei Fan ◽  
Zhuo Du ◽  
Jadson D.P. Bezerra ◽  
Chengming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Molecular Phylogenies

Melanconis-like species comprise latent fungal pathogens with a wide range of woody hosts. Taxonomy of these pathogens is difficult due to their uninformative descriptions and similar asexual morphology. Based on molecular phylogenies, many species of this group were placed in various families of Diaporthales. In this study, eight species of melanconis-like fungi were isolated from Betulaalbosinensis, B.platyphylla (Betulaceae), Cornuscontroversa (Cornaceae), Corylusmandshurica (Betulaceae) and Juglansregia (Juglandaceae) in China. These species were phylogenetically placed in three families of Diaporhthales, i.e. Juglanconisjuglandina, J.oblonga (Juglanconidaceae), Melanconiellabetulicolasp. nov., M.corylinasp. nov. (Melanconiellaceae), Melanconisbetulae, Ms.itoana, Ms.stilbostoma (Melanconidaceae) and one new genus, Sheathospora (Melanconiellaceae). Sheathospora is proposed to accommodate Melanconiellacornuta with conical and discrete pycnidia with aseptate, hyaline, cylindrical to ellipsoidal conidia with distinct hyaline sheath on branches of Cornuscontroversa. Combined analyses of ITS, LSU, CAL, RPB2 and TEF1-α sequence data were used to construct the molecular phylogeny. Additionally, we provided separate phylogenetic trees for three families (Juglanconidaceae, Melanconidaceae and Melanconiellaceae) to show the species distribution of melanconis-like fungi in China.

scholarly journals THE HEALTH-RELATED TASKS PAID CAREGIVERS IN NEW YORK STATE PERFORM IN THE HOME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S216-S216
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Reckrey ◽  
Emma Tsui ◽  
R S Morrison ◽  
Emma Geduldig ◽  
Robyn Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
New York State ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
York State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Paid Caregivers ◽  
At Home

Abstract Paid caregivers (e.g. home health aides, personal care attendants) are formally tasked with helping older adults with functional impairment meet their basic needs at home. This study used semi-structured interviews (n=30) with dyads of patients or their proxies and their paid caregivers in New York City to 1) understand the range of health-related tasks paid caregivers perform in the home and 2) determine if these tasks are taught in the New York State government’s Department of Health curricula. We found that patients, proxies, and paid caregivers all described that paid caregivers performed a wide range of health-related tasks that were often not a part of their formal training. Creating clear competencies for paid caregivers that reflect the full breadth of health-related tasks they may perform at home will help maximize the potentially positive impact of the paid caregiver workforce on the lives of patients living at home with functional impairment.

A Technical Overview of the New York State Mesonet Standard Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1827-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald A. Brotzge ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
C. D. Thorncroft ◽  
E. Joseph ◽  
N. Bain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New York State ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
York State ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThe New York State Mesonet (NYSM) is a network of 126 standard environmental monitoring stations deployed statewide with an average spacing of 27 km. The primary goal of the NYSM is to provide high-quality weather data at high spatial and temporal scales to improve atmospheric monitoring and prediction, especially for extreme weather events. As compared with other statewide networks, the NYSM faced considerable deployment obstacles with New York’s complex terrain, forests, and very rural and urban areas; its wide range of weather extremes; and its harsh winter conditions. To overcome these challenges, the NYSM adopted a number of innovations unique among statewide monitoring systems, including 1) strict adherence to international siting standards and metadata documentation; 2) a hardened system design to facilitate continued operations during extreme, high-impact weather; 3) a station design optimized to monitor winter weather conditions; and 4) a camera installed at every site to aid situational awareness. The network was completed in spring of 2018 and provides data and products to a variety of sectors including weather monitoring and forecasting, emergency management, agriculture, transportation, utilities, and education. This paper focuses on the standard network of the NYSM and reviews the network siting, site configuration, sensors, site communications and power, network operations and maintenance, data quality control, and dissemination. A few example analyses are shown that highlight the benefits of the NYSM.

The first diploaspidid (Chelicerata: Chasmataspidida) from North America (Silurian, Bertie Group, New York State) is the oldest species of Diploaspis

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES C. LAMSDELL ◽  
DEREK E. G. BRIGGS
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
New York State ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
York State ◽  
Upper Silurian ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA single specimen of a new species of the chasmataspidid Diploaspis Størmer, 1972 is described from the upper Silurian (Pridoli) Phelps Member of the Fiddlers Green Formation (Bertie Group) in Herkimer County, New York State, USA. Diploaspis praecursor sp. nov. is distinguished by the shape of the posterolateral margins of the buckler, which are drawn out into angular epimera, and by the lack of elongate tubercles on the postabdomen. This discovery increases the taxonomic diversity of the Bertie Group by extending the geographic extent of Diploaspididae into North America. D. praecursor pre-dates previously known species of Diploaspis by more than 10 million years.

scholarly journals Long-term Effects of Training Systems and Rootstocks on ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ Performance, a 20-year Study in a Northern Cold Climate—Part 2: Economic Analysis

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Lordan ◽  
Anna Wallis ◽  
Poliana Francescatto ◽  
Terence L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
New York State ◽  
Training System ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
York State ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Wide Range

Orchard profitability relies on multiple factors such as cultivar, planting density, training system, rootstock, and fruit quality but is also strongly affected by growing climate and soil resources. To evaluate orchard profitability in a northern cold climate, a field trial was planted in Peru, Clinton County, NY, in 2002, with two apple cultivars (Honeycrisp and McIntosh), where we compared the Central Leader (CL) training system on ‘M.M.111’ rootstock; Slender Pyramid (SP) on ‘M.26’ and ‘Geneva® 30’ (‘G.30’); Vertical Axis (VA) on ‘M.9 (Nic® 29)’ (‘M.9’), ‘Budagovsky 9’ (‘B.9’), and ‘G.16’; SolAxe (SA) on ‘M.9’, ‘B.9’, and ‘G.16’; and Tall Spindle (TS) on ‘M.9’, ‘B.9’, and ‘G.16’. CL was planted at 539 trees/ha, SP at 1097 trees/ha, VA and SA at 1794 trees/ha, and TS at 3230 trees/ha. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic profitability of ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘McIntosh’ at a wide range of planting densities, training systems, and rootstocks for cold areas such as northern New York state. A secondary goal was to assess the effect of various economic factors on the net present value (NPV) of each combination of training system, rootstock, and density. High NPV was achieved with ‘Honeycrisp’ (≈$450,000/ha), whereas NPV was significantly lower with ‘McIntosh’ (≈$80,000/ha). Within ≈5 years, ‘Honeycrisp’ planted in a TS (3230 trees/ha) reached a positive NPV, whereas 9 years were needed when ‘Honeycrisp’ was planted in a CL system at 539 trees/ha. With ‘McIntosh’, break-even year to positive NPV (BYPNPV) was reached at 9 years for TS on ‘M.9’. Most of the other training system and rootstock combinations needed up to 11–13 years to show a positive NPV. The most important variables affecting orchard NPV in our trial were fruit price and yield. The best option for ‘Honeycrisp’ in northern New York State appears to be TS on either ‘B.9’ or ‘M.9’, whereas with ‘McIntosh’, the best option appears to be TS on ‘M.9’.

Geoarchaeology of the Kilmer Site: A Paleoindian Habitation in the Appalachian Uplands

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Tankersley ◽  
John D. Holland ◽  
Royce L. Kilmer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
New York State ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
York State

Kilmer is a multicomponent Paleoindian site located in the Appalachian Uplands of New York State. It is situated on high and low late Pleistocene outwash terraces (T2 and T1). In mountainous areas, these landforms are susceptible to weathering and erosional processes. The paucity of sites in the Appalachian Uplands is likely the result of geologically active landscapes. The occurrence of Paleoindian sites in the mountainous terrain of eastern North America suggests economic diversification, a cultural response to unpredictable food resources near the end of the Pleistocene.

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