REVISITING THE TAXONOMIC DIVERSITY OF GUIBOURTIA IN THE NEOTROPICS (LEGUMINOSAE, DETARIOIDEAE)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 327 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
RAFAEL BARBOSA PINTO ◽  
VIDAL DE FREITAS MANSANO ◽  
ÂNGELA LÚCIA BAGNATORI SARTORI ◽  
ANA MARIA GOULART DE AZEVEDO TOZZI
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Related Genus ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
African Species ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Leaflet Shape

Guibourtia is a genus of Leguminosae comprising ca. 15 mostly African species, but it is also represented in the Neotropics, with populations in Cuba and South America. The Neotropical populations have been treated as comprising one to several species and/or infraspecific taxa. To access the distinctiveness of these putative taxa in the Neotropics, we analyzed morphological variation in herbarium specimens. Morphological discontinuities in leaflet shape, texture, and venation, and ovary pubescence support the recognition of two geographically disjunct species: G. hymenaeifolia in Cuba and G. chodatiana in South America. Another taxon, Guibourtia confertiflora is known from only a single specimen from northeastern Brazil. It possess characteristics of both Guibourtia and the related genus Peltogyne, and in most respects, it resembles the sympatric species Peltogyne pauciflora. We tentatively exclude it from our analysis pending further study. We provide an identification key, descriptions and illustrations of all treated taxa, taxonomic comments and formalization of synonyms and lectotypifications.

Taxonomic revision of Neotropical Dicepolia Snellen (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2237 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES E. HAYDEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
African Species ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Tropical South America

Dicepolia Snellen (syn. Endolophia Hampson) is revised to include thirteen species distributed in the Neotropics and Madagascar. The genus is diagnosed and differentiated from similar Neotropical Pyraloidea. The two previously described species, the type species D. roseobrunnea (Warren) (tropical South America) and D. rufitinctalis (Hampson) (Central and South America), are redescribed. Seven new species are described: D. aerealis sp. nov., D. amazonalis sp. nov., D. artoides sp. nov., D. bicolor sp. nov., D. cuiabalis sp. nov., D. vaga sp. nov. and D. venezolalis sp. nov. Four Malagasy species are transferred to Dicepolia: D. marginescriptalis (Kenrick) comb. nov., D. marionalis (Viette) comb. nov., D. munroealis (Viette) comb. nov., and D. rufeolalis (Mabille) comb. nov. Two continental African species are transferred from Endolophia to other odontiine genera: Emprepes sudanalis (Zerny) comb. nov. and Tegostoma aequifasciale (Zerny) comb. nov. D. roseobrunnea is identified as the “rosada da oiticica,” a historical seed-boring pest of Licania in northeastern Brazil; published observations of larval morphology and behavior are summarized. Habitus and genitalia of all species are illustrated, and a key to the Neotropical species is given.

A Synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) in Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
James Lucas da Costa-Lima ◽  
Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) for Brazil is presented. Six species are recognized: Dicliptera ciliaris, D. sexangularis, and D. squarrosa, widely distributed in South America; D. purpurascens, which ranges from the North Region of Brazil (in the state of Acre) to eastern Bolivia; D. gracilirama, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil; and D. granchaquenha, a new species recorded in dry and semideciduous forests in Bolivia and western Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Furthermore, we propose new synonyms and designate lectotypes for eleven names. An identification key to the six accepted Dicliptera species in Brazil is provided.

Species distribution modeling reveals the ecological niche of extinct megafauna from South America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Thaísa Araújo ◽  
Helena Machado ◽  
Dimila Mothé ◽  
Leonardo dos Santos Avilla
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Species Distribution Modeling ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Distribution Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climatic and environmental changes, as well as human action, have been cited as potential causes for the extinction of megafauna in South America at the end of the Pleistocene. Among megamammals lineages with Holarctic origin, only horses and proboscideans went extinct in South America during this period. This study aims to understand how the spatial extent of habitats suitable for Equus neogeus and Notiomastodon platensis changed between the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the middle Holocene in order to determine the impact that climatic and environmental changes had on these taxa. We used species distribution modeling to estimate their potential extent on the continent and found that both species occupied arid and semiarid open lands during the LGM, mainly in the Pampean region of Argentina, southern and northeastern Brazil, and parts of the Andes. However, when climate conditions changed from dry and cold during the LGM to humid and warm during the middle Holocene, the areas suitable for these taxa were reduced dramatically. These results support the hypothesis that climatic changes were a driving cause of extinction of these megamammals in South America, although we cannot rule out the impact of human actions or other potential causes for their extinction.

Myrcia (Myrtaceae) in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 486 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-105
Author(s):  
LAURA C. DE LANNOY ◽  
AYRTON I. DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
RENATO GOLDENBERG ◽  
DUANE F. LIMA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Doubtful Species

Myrtaceae is one of the largest families in number of species within the order Myrtales and one of the richest families in Brazil. Myrcia is the fourth largest genus of Myrtaceae, with approximately 770 species distributed from Central America and the Caribbean to southern South America. In Brazil Myrcia is represented by 397 species, of which 309 are endemic. In this study, we present the taxonomic treatment for all species of Myrcia that occur in Paraná state, Brazil. Analyses of herbarium specimens, online databases, and bibliography were performed. Fifty-three species of Myrcia occur in Paraná, distributed in all vegetation types. Twenty-three names were excluded from previous lists of species or listed as doubtful species. Neither of the recorded species is endemic to Paraná, but this state is the southern and northern limit of distribution of six and two species, respectively. We present an identification key, taxonomic descriptions, figures, maps, and comments on phenology, habitat, and morphology for each species.

scholarly journals The tadpole of Hypsiboas atlanticus (Anura, Hylidae) from northeastern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe A. C. do Nascimento ◽  
Marcelo G. de Lima ◽  
Gabriel O Skuk ◽  
Rafael O. de Sá
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Single Row ◽  
The Status

The tadpole of Hypsiboas atlanticus (Caramaschi & Velosa, 1996) is described from the municipality of Maceió, State of Alagoas, Brazil. At stage 36 the larvae have an overall elliptical body in lateral and dorsal views, oral disc anteroventral, spiracular tube sinistral, and labial tooth row formula 2(1,2)/3(1). The oral disc is surrounded, almost completely (anterior medial gap present) by a single row of marginal papillae. Described tadpoles of the H. punctatus species group can be differentiated by a combined disc oral features. Additional descriptions of H. punctatus (Schneider, 1799) tadpoles from populations throughout South America may be helpful in determining the status of these populations.

Two new species of Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) from South America and taxonomic notes on similar species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 239 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Stauffer Viveros ◽  
Alexandre Salino
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Two New Species

Two new species of Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) from South America are described and illustrated: Ctenitis christensenii is endemic to southeastern Brazil and C. glandulosa occurs from southeastern to northeastern Brazil and in Guyana. An identification key and notes about the distribution, habitat and taxonomy of the new species, C. falciculata and allies are provided. Moreover, seven lectotypifications and two new synonyms are proposed.

scholarly journals The Technological Diversity of Lithic Industries in Eastern South America during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene Transition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Moreno De Sousa
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Technological Diversity ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Adjacent Part ◽  
Archaeological Cultures

Brazilian archaeological literature has insisted for decades upon associating hunter-gatherer sites dated to the Pleistocene–Holocene transition either to the Itaparica tradition, if located in central or northeastern Brazil, or to the Umbu tradition and Humaitá tradition, if located in southern Brazil, Uruguay, or any other adjacent part of Paraguay and Argentina. These associations have been based almost entirely on the presence or absence of lesmas and “projectile points,” regardless of their morphological and technological features. In the Uruguayan archaeological literature, three other cultures are recognised: Fell industry, Catalanense industry, and Tigre tradition, all in the Uruguayan region. However, the last 10 years of systematic studies on the lithic assemblages from these sites have shown that Paleoindian societies from Eastern South America are more culturally diverse than expected and that previously defined archaeological cultures present several issues in their definition, suggesting that many of these “traditions” are not valid and should no longer be used. Instead, new lithic industries and archaeological cultures should be defined only when cultural patterns are observable through systematic analyses.

Taxonomic Revision of Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae) in South America

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 392-423
Author(s):  
Ana Verónica Ortiz ◽  
Pablo Moroni ◽  
Fabiana Mirra ◽  
Rosa María Villanueva Espinoza ◽  
Nataly O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
First Time

Morphological boundaries between South American species of Euphrasia L. are controversial, rendering determination of specimens an arduous task. In this context, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Euphrasia in South America is here provided for the first time. This study, based upon a classical morphological study of ca. 400 herbarium specimens, supports the recognition of eight species and one subspecies distributed in the Andean regions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. From among native species, six belong to section Trifidae Benth. and one to the monotypic section Paradoxae Pugsley, endemic to Juan Fernández Islands; one adventive species, E. officinalis L., belongs to the section Euphrasia. The previously misunderstood presence of E. cockayniana Petrie is here untangled, and, consequently, the species is excluded from South America. A key to all Euphrasia taxa in South America, plus morphological descriptions, nomenclature items, geographical distribution and maps, habitat notes, illustrations, photographs, and discussion notes are included for the nine taxa. Eleven names are here synonymized, and lectotypes are designated for E. andicola Benth., E. debilis Wettst., E. flavicans Phil., E. intricata Phil., and E. philippii Wettst. Euphrasia andicola is reported for the first time for Argentina. This collaborative effort will represent a baseline for further investigations on Euphrasia in South America.

Hydaticus aequalis sp. n. and a new record of H. devexus Trémouilles, 1996 from Brazil (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydaticini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4820 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
CESAR J. BENETTI ◽  
GREY T. GUSTAFSON ◽  
NEUSA HAMADA ◽  
ANDREW EDWARD Z. SHORT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Medial Lobe ◽  
Neotropical Species

Hydaticus aequalis sp. n. is described from Brazil, where it was recently discovered in the central lowlands region of the Amazon forest. The new species differs from all other Neotropical congeners by its uniformly brown dorsal surface and the shape of medial lobe. The dorsal habitus and male genitalia are illustrated, and a distribution map is provided. The habitat, a small stream and associated forest pool, is illustrated and described. In addition, a new record of H. devexus Trémouilles, 1996, previously known from a single specimen, is reported from the highlands of northeastern Brazil, and a modified key to Neotropical species of the genus is provided.

scholarly journals New records of Haemagogus (Haemagogus) from Northern and Northeastern Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae, Aedini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1779 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
JERÔNIMO ALENCAR ◽  
FRANCISCO C. CASTRO ◽  
HAMILTON A. O. MONTEIRO ◽  
ORLANDO V. SILVA ◽  
NICOLAS DÉGALLIER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
America South

Haemagogus (Haemagogus) is restricted mostly to the Neotropical Region, including Central America, South America and islands (Arnell, 1973). Of the 24 recognized species of this subgenus, 15 occur in South America, including the Antilles. However, the centre of distribution of the genus Haemagogus is Central America, where 19 of the 28 species (including four species of the subgenus Conopostegus Zavortink [1972]) occur (Arnell, 1973).

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