A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae—Centaureinae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 363 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZEM NEGARESH ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA RAHIMINEJAD
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Biogeographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Close Relatives

The taxonomic status of the taxa known to belong to Centaurea sect. Cynaroides and its close relatives was revised on the basis of herbarium specimens from the authors’ expeditions and other collections. It is established that Boissier is the correct author for C. sect. Cynaroides, and C. regia is designated as a lectotype of this section. Thirty seven species are recognised in the section. Three new species (C. kamalnejadii, C. mozaffarianii, and C. zarrei), four new subspecies (C. amadanensis subsp. ranjbarii, C. cataonica subsp. syriaca, C. gigantea subsp. rechingeri, and C. kurdica subsp. ciliata) and two varieties (C. regia var. longispinosa and C. regia var. purpurea) are described. Two subspecies are reduced to the variety rank, and two varieties are elevated to the subspecies rank. Centaurea sect. Paraphysis is reduced as a synonym of C. sect. Cynaroides. Centaurea onopordifolia is transferred from C. sect. Cynaroides to a new section, i.e. C. sect. Cardueae. Three lectotypes are designated, six lectotypes from previous lectotypifications are rejected and the author names for six species are corrected. The recognized taxa, the relevant synonyms, type details, examined specimen lists, full descriptions and a taxonomic key are provided for this section. Distribution maps are provided for each sections, species, subspecies and varieties. Images of the type specimens of all taxa and also photos of the species in its natural habitat and related fields are provided. Five chromosome counts (2n = 18) are reported for C. amadanensis subsp. amadanensis, C. amadanensis subsp. gymnoclada, C. nemecii, C. regia var. regia, and C. regia var. purpurea. Biogeographical distribution and ecology of taxa of C. sect. Cynaroides are presented and discussed. In addition, cytotaxonomy, homoploidy and evolution of C. sect. Cynaroides are illustrated and discussed. Finally, the pollination of C. sect. Cynaroides is illustrated, and also images of the pollinators of some species of the section are provided.

scholarly journals Taxonomic review of Colombian Parodon (Characiformes: Parodontidae), with descriptions of three new species

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Londoño-Burbano ◽  
César Román-Valencia ◽  
Donald C. Taphorn
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Maracaibo Basin ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Magdalena River

We review species of Parodon Valenciennes, 1850 from the Magdalena, Cauca, Orinoco, Amazonas, Atrato and Caribbean-Guajira River basins of Colombia using meristic and morphological characters. We recognize eight valid species, five previously described: P. apolinari Myers, from the Orinoco River basin; P. buckleyi Boulenger and P. pongoensis (Allen) from the upper Amazon; P. caliensis Boulenger, from the upper Cauca River drainage; and P. suborbitalis Valenciennes, from Lake Maracaibo basin. Three new species are described: P. alfonsoi, from the lower Magdalena River drainage; P. magdalenensis, from the middle Magdalena and upper Cauca River drainages; and P. atratoensis, from the Atrato River basin. We redescribe Parodon suborbitalis using type specimens and topotypes, and designate lectotypes. A taxonomic key is included for identification of the species, as well as geographic distribution maps.

Diploidy, polyploidy, and agamospermy among species of Eupatorium (Compositae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (24) ◽  
pp. 2907-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria I. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Normal Pollen ◽  
Abortive Pollen ◽  
Chromosomal Pairing ◽  
First Time

Diploids of eight species of Eupatorium, triploids of three species, and tetraploids of four species are reported here for the first time. Meiosisin microsporocytes of triploids and tetraploids either failed to occur resulting in failure of pollen production or less frequently resulted in either incomplete chromosomal pairing or complete asynapsis; the latter two events lead to the production of grossly malformed, abortive pollen with unevenly deposited walls. Megasporogenesis examined in two polyploid plants led to the formation of eight-nucleate, unreduced embryo sacs which formed endosperm and embryos without pollination, indicating that the sporophytes develop asexually through agamospermy. Evidence is given that this may be a facultative characteristic. Megasporogenesis, studied in diploids of four species, produced normal embryo sacs with no indication of agamospermous development. Diploid plants of 11 of 12 species were tested and found to be self-incompatible.Since diploids could readily be distinguished from polyploids by pollen production (diploids produced normal pollen, polyploids produced none or malformed pollen), distributions of a large number of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid individuals could be determined from examining anthers of herbarium specimens. Distribution maps were made using these data as well as those from chromosome counts. Diploid members of species having both diploid, triploid, and (or) tetraploid members consistently had smaller distributional ranges than polyploids of the same species.

A revision of Calamus (Arecaceae, Calamoideae, Calameae, Calaminae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 445 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-656
Author(s):  
ANDREW HENDERSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Geographic Distributions

A revision of Calamus was carried out based on morphological data. Eight thousand, six hundred and thirty-three herbarium specimens were examined and scored for 14 quantitative and 157 qualitative variables. Application of the Phylogenetic Species Concept to 516 preliminary species of Calamus resulted in recognition of 411 phylogenetic species. Of these, 38 are recognized as new (C. barisanensis, C. brevissimus, C. brunneus, C. calciphilus, C. densifloropsis, C. disjunctus, C. divergens, C. exiguus, C. furvus, C. gaharuensis, C. goramensis, C. heteracanthopsis, C. hosensis, C. impressus, C. insolitus, C. insularis, C. johanis, C. kinabaluensis, C. kubahensis, C. latus, C. lengguanii, C. lobatus, C. notabilis, C. obiensis, C. oresbiopsis, C. oxleyoides, C. pahangensis, C. powlingii, C. saltuensis, C. seropakensis, C. spinosus, C. sulawesiensis, C. tambingensis, C. tapanensis, C. trigynus, C. vinaceus, C. viridis, C. wedaensis). Analysis of quantitative variables and geographic distributions resulted in the division of 11 species into 36 subspecies. Eight species were considered to be ochlospecies (C. erioacanthus, C. inermis, C. javensis, C. melanochaetes, C. micranthus, C. moseleyanus, C. plicatus, C. siphonospathus). Nomenclature, descriptions, and distribution maps are provided for all species. Images of the type specimens of all new species are provided as well as images of most qualitative variables. One hundred and forty–three species are illustrated with images from living plants.

A systematic study of Salix section Cordatae in North America

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 1491-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Dorn
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Flavonoid Chemistry

Twelve North American species of the section Cordatae of the genus Salix (willows) were studied to clarify their taxonomy. The sections Adenophyllae (Commutatae) and Wolfianae are included here in section Cordatae. Characteristics of the epidermal cells and pollen grains were of no taxonomic value. Chromosome counts were obtained for 6 of the 12 species. One other species had been counted earlier. There are three diploid species, two tetraploids, and a hexaploid. One other species (?) has both diploid and tetraploid populations. Flavonoid chemistry of the leaves was the most important and constant characteristic. Each species has a consistent combination of compounds different from those of all other species of the section. Cytology, chemistry, morphology, and distribution were well correlated. Keys to pistillate material, synonymy, descriptions, distribution maps, and representative specimens are included. Three new species are described and one varietal transfer is made.

scholarly journals The taxonomic status of Tilia dasystyla in Crimea, Ukraine

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Pigott ◽  
B. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Components Analysis

Nine populations of Tilia dasystyla Steven (Tiliaceae) in the Crimean mountains (Krymskiye Gory), including the type locality at Kastel Dag, were studied in the field and sampled by collection of herbarium specimens. This material was compared with specimens referred to Tilia hegonifolia Steven collected in Crimea, the Caucasus and Iran. Measurements or scores of 21 morphological characters made on the dried material were analysed by principal components analysis and logistic regression. These analyses demonstrated that the majority of trees could be correctly allocated to either Crimea or the Caucasus and Iran on the basis of the shape of their leaves and the area of their bracts. In addition there are differences of leaf and bract texture and bract colour which can be observed in fresh material. Chromosome counts showed that Crimean trees and one Caucasian tree are tetraploid (2n = 164). It is proposed that the Crimean, Caucasian and Iranian trees be treated as a single species with at least two subspecies: Tilia dasystyla Steven subsp. dasystyla from Crimea and T. dasystyla Steven subsp. caucasica (V. Engl.) Pigott from the Caucasus and Iran.

The genus Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) in Greece

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Brullo ◽  
Matthias Erben
Keyword(s):  
Species Concept ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Private Collections

The genus Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) in Greece is taxonomically revised based on morphological and morphometric studies. More than 3000 herbarium specimens were used, sourced mainly from field excursions carried out over the last thirty years by S. Brullo, as well as from numerous collections held in the herbaria of European museums and private collections. A significant aspect of this revision concerned the nomenclatural resolution of critical taxa from Greece. Scanty and unclear original descriptions have led to numerous mis-identifications in the past. Nomenclatural studies have resolved the taxonomic uncertainties and the necessary associated lecto-typifications are published here, notably for those species formerly known as Statice graeca, S. rorida, S. aucheri, S. ocymifolia, S. palmaris, S. prolifera, S. hyssopifolia and S. sieberi. Using the phylogenetic species concept 85 morphologically well-defined species of Limonium are recognized in Greece. The species are predominantly distributed in coastal habitats, being well-adapted to sea spray and even to conditions of marked edaphic salinity. Morphology, nomenclature, distribution and ecology have been analyzed for all species. Taxonomic notes, new illustrations and a list of the examined specimens are also provided. Two new combinations are made (L. proliferum and L. stenotatum) and thirty nine species are described as new to science (L. aegaeum, L. amopicum, L. archaeothirae, L. astypaleanum, L. athinense, L. atticum, L. chersonesum, L. compactum, L. contractum, L. crateriforme, L. dolihiense, L. fragile, L. grabusae, L. helenae, L. heraionense, L. ikaricum, L. isidorum, L. kirikosicum, L. meandrinum, L. microcycladicum, L. minoicum, L. monolithicum, L. oligotrichum, L. pagasaeum, L. parosicum, L. pusillum, L. reticaule, L. samium, L. sartorianum, L. schinousae, L. sirinicum, L. sougiae, L. spreitzenhoferi, L. taenari, L. thirae, L. vanandense, L. vravronense, L. xerocamposicum and L. xiliense). The chromosome complement is reported for 51 species. New chromosome counts are given for 16 species and those of 14 species are confirmed. Finally, an analytical key for the easy identification of the treated species is provided. 24 names are lectotypified in the present paper: Limonium sitiacum (specimen at G), L. runermakii (M), L. hierapetrae (W), L. graecum var. stenotatum (W), Statice echioides (illustration by Magnol), S. aristata (illustration by Magnol), S. serotina (illustration by Reichenbach), S. virgata var. tenia (W), S. rorida, S. palmaris, S. bellidifolia (illustrations by Sibthorph & Smith) S. hyssopifolia (M), S. tournefortii (P), S. carpatha (G), S. pigadiensis (M), S. graeca (P), S. prolifera (M), S. ocymifolia (P), S. aucheri (P), S. corinthiaca (G), S. frederici (P), S. doelferi (M). Isolectotypes were found for: Limonium sitiacum (K, W), L. runemarkii (B, G, W), L. hierapetrae (G, M), L. graecum var. stenotatum (BM, M), Statice virgata var. tenia (M, W), S. carpatha (B, M, W, WU), S. pigadiensis (BM, G, W), S. graeca (BM, C, LD, M, P, OXF), S. prolifera (P), S. ocymifolia (FI, G), S. aucheri (BM, FI, G, P), S. corinthiaca (BM, W, WU), S. frederici (G, FI, K), S. doerfleri (B, FI, G, P, PR, W, WU, Herb. Greuter). An epitype (B) was proposed for S. palmaris.

scholarly journals On Hydrangea peruviana, an endangered species from Ecuador, and Hydrangea oerstedii, very common in Costa Rica and Panama, and seven threatened Central and South American Hydrangeas, which have been confounded with these

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 91-153
Author(s):  
Marie-Stéphanie Samain ◽  
Carolina Granados Mendoza ◽  
Esteban Manuel Martínez Salas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Study Results

Hydrangea section Cornidia, currently consisting of 19 accepted taxa, occurs from Mexico to Chile and Argentina, with one species in southeast Asia. Its representatives are root-climbing lianas which may grow up to 60 m high in the tree canopy of temperate to (sub)tropical forests. Our extensive field work throughout its distribution area, study of herbarium specimens and ongoing molecular studies have resulted in the discovery of species new to science, as well as new insights into the circumscription of many taxa. We here present amended descriptions for seven Hydrangea species of Central and South America and discuss the taxonomical situation of two Colombian Hydrangeas, including an identification key, illustrations, and distribution maps. Field work was carried out in Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador and Peru, including exploration in areas where the genus had not been collected before. These specimens and observations were complemented with the study of specimens of 41 herbaria of North, Central and South America, as well as Europe. Detailed morphological studies of all species were carried out, based on living plants in their natural habitat, as well as on dried specimens from our own collections and all available herbarium material. Type material was studied in detail for all species concerned. Based on an extensive number of morphological characters, combined with distribution patterns, phenological differences and ecological preferences, including molecular data in most cases, Hydrangea peruviana and H. oerstedii are clearly distinct taxa, as well as the other seven species mentioned here, which had been synonymized with either of these two species. The present study results in the recognition of 26 species in section Cornidia and exemplifies the urgent need for profound taxonomic studies in plants, as in many families we do not dispose of well-circumscribed units for conservation to mitigate the already occurring unprecedented loss of biodiversity.

Taxonomic revision of the genus Nychiodes Lederer, 1853 (Geometridae: Ennominae: Boarmiini) with description of three new species—an integrative approach

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4812 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-61
Author(s):  
DOMINIC WANKE ◽  
AXEL HAUSMANN ◽  
LARS KROGMANN ◽  
GERGELY PETRÁNYI ◽  
HOSSEIN RAJAEI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
A New Species

The non-European taxa of the genus Nychiodes Lederer, 1853 are revised. Type specimens of all described species and a large series of about 800 additional specimens were morphologically examined. More than 400 genitalia preparations were made and analyzed along with distributional and DNA barcode data. As a result of our integrative taxonomic approach, Nychiodes waltheri saerdabica Wehrli, 1938 syn. nov., is synonymized with N. waltheri Wagner, 1919; N. palaestinensis libanotica Zerny, 1933 syn. nov. is synonymized with N. palaestinensis Wagner, 1919 and the synonymy of N. persuavis Wehrli, 1929 syn. rev. with N. palaestinensis is confirmed; N. admirabila safidaria Wiltshire, 1943 syn. nov. is synonymized with N. admirabila Brandt, 1938; N. agatcha Brandt, 1938 syn. nov., N. subvirida disjuncta Wehrli, 1941 syn. nov. and N. subvirida taftana Brandt, 1941 syn. nov. are synonymized with N. subvirida Brandt, 1938. Also, N. variabila variabila Brandt, 1938 syn. nov., N. variabila opulenta Brandt, 1941 syn. nov., N. divergaria elbursica Wehrli, 1937 syn. nov., N. divergaria fallax Wehrli, 1939 syn. nov. and N. divergaria achtyca Wehrli, 1939 syn. nov. are synonymized with N. divergaria Staudinger, 1892. Nychiodes convergata sp. nov. from Israel, N. mirzayansi sp. nov. from the Iran and N. eberti sp. nov. from Turkey are described. Lecto- and paralectotypes are designated for N. palaestinensis, N. antiquaria, N. divergaria. Furthermore, N. antiquaria is reported as a new species for Pakistan, N. rayatica is reported as a new species for Iran and the hypothetical occurrence of N. amygdalaria in Iran is confirmed. Additionally, N. tyttha needs to be excluded from the genus. Wing pattern, male and female genitalia and diagnostic characters of all examined species are illustrated and distribution maps are provided. Illustrated keys based on genitalia, as well as a complete checklist of the genus is given here. 

Taxonomic revision of Lepidura Townes, 1971 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Mesochorinae) with the description of three new species, new distribution records and a key to the all known species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4514 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
RODRIGO O. ARAUJO ◽  
FELIPE VIVALLO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Occurrence Records

A taxonomic review of Lepidura Townes is presented, with three new species described. The following species are recognized: L. abbreviata Dasch, L. callaina Dasch, L. collaris Townes, L. improcera Dasch, L. mallecoensis Dasch, L. olivacea Dasch, L. rubicunda Dasch, L. tenebrosa Dasch, L. tuberosa Dasch, L. variegata Dasch, L. viridis Dasch, L. nigricephala sp. nov., L. patagonica sp. nov. and L. seminitida sp. nov. Species are restricted to Southern South America, occurring in the Andean biogeographic zone. New occurrence records and distribution maps are provided for all species, as well as diagnoses based on type specimens. In addition, an updated key for all species is provided. 

European bees of the genera Epeolus Latreille, 1802 and Triepeolus Robertson, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Nomadinae: Epeolini): taxonomy, identification key, distribution, and ecology

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4437 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETR BOGUSCH ◽  
JIŘÍ HADRAVA
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Seventeen species of Epeolus Latreille, 1802 and one species of Triepeolus Robertson, 1901 have been recorded from Europe. Members of these genera are cuckoo bees, cleptoparasites that appropriate provisions of other bee genera (Colletes Latreille [hosts of Epeolus] and Tetraloniella Ashmead [hosts of Palaearctic Triepeolus]) for their own offspring. We present an identification key to all European species plus four species known from neighbouring regions (the Middle East and North Africa) that might also occur in Europe. The taxonomy of all species is reviewed, with new synonymies proposed, one subspecies elevated to a species (Epeolus eriwanensis Bischoff, 1930, stat. nov.), and a new species (Epeolus ibericus Bogusch, sp. nov.) described. Five new synonymies are proposed: E. giannelli Gribodo, 1894 syn. nov. and Epeolus speculifer Pérez, 1895 syn. nov. under E. fallax Morawitz, 1872, E. berlandi Benoist, 1943 syn. nov. and E. laevigatus Bischoff, 1930 syn. nov. under E. flavociliatus Friese, 1899, and E. julliani Pérez, 1884 syn. nov. under E. transitorius Eversmann, 1852. The following species are redescribed because their identity is less clear due to type specimens and/or vague original descriptions: Epeolus aureovestitus Dours, 1873, Epeolus cruciger (Panzer, 1799), Epeolus fallax Morawitz, 1872, Epeolus schummeli Schilling, 1849, Epeolus siculus Giordani Soika, 1944, and Epeolus variegatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Males are described for the first time for the following species: Epeolus compar Alfken, 1938, Epeolus eriwanensis Bischoff, 1930, Epeolus intermedius Pérez, 1884, Epeolus laevifrons Bischoff, 1930, and Epeolus subrufescens Saunders, 1908. Distribution maps created using records from the literature and data from private and museum collections are also provided, which show changes in the distributions of epeoline bees before and after 1990. Several species are considered endangered, especially Epeolus fasciatus Friese, 1895, which is nearly extinct, and Epeolus tarsalis Morawitz, 1874, which was recently reported only from the coastal parts of the Netherlands and Belgium. Epeolus variegatus is the only common and widespread species still encountered in most of Europe. Comprehensive information on the ecology of these cuckoo bees is also included. 

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