scholarly journals On Hydrangea peruviana, an endangered species from Ecuador, and Hydrangea oerstedii, very common in Costa Rica and Panama, and seven threatened Central and South American Hydrangeas, which have been confounded with these

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 91-153
Author(s):  
Marie-Stéphanie Samain ◽  
Carolina Granados Mendoza ◽  
Esteban Manuel Martínez Salas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Study Results

Hydrangea section Cornidia, currently consisting of 19 accepted taxa, occurs from Mexico to Chile and Argentina, with one species in southeast Asia. Its representatives are root-climbing lianas which may grow up to 60 m high in the tree canopy of temperate to (sub)tropical forests. Our extensive field work throughout its distribution area, study of herbarium specimens and ongoing molecular studies have resulted in the discovery of species new to science, as well as new insights into the circumscription of many taxa. We here present amended descriptions for seven Hydrangea species of Central and South America and discuss the taxonomical situation of two Colombian Hydrangeas, including an identification key, illustrations, and distribution maps. Field work was carried out in Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador and Peru, including exploration in areas where the genus had not been collected before. These specimens and observations were complemented with the study of specimens of 41 herbaria of North, Central and South America, as well as Europe. Detailed morphological studies of all species were carried out, based on living plants in their natural habitat, as well as on dried specimens from our own collections and all available herbarium material. Type material was studied in detail for all species concerned. Based on an extensive number of morphological characters, combined with distribution patterns, phenological differences and ecological preferences, including molecular data in most cases, Hydrangea peruviana and H. oerstedii are clearly distinct taxa, as well as the other seven species mentioned here, which had been synonymized with either of these two species. The present study results in the recognition of 26 species in section Cornidia and exemplifies the urgent need for profound taxonomic studies in plants, as in many families we do not dispose of well-circumscribed units for conservation to mitigate the already occurring unprecedented loss of biodiversity.

scholarly journals The climbing Hydrangeas (Hydrangeaceae) of Mexico, including description of six (critically) endangered new species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Stéphanie Samain ◽  
Francisco Hernández Najarro ◽  
Esteban Manuel Martínez Salas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The Usa

Background and Aims: The genus Hydrangea consists of approximately 200 taxa in Asia and America. Whereas the shrubby species from Asia and the USA, as well as the over 1000 hybrids and cultivars derived from these, are very well known because of their ornamental value, the Neotropical species are much less appreciated. Hydrangea section Cornidia, currently consisting of 13 accepted taxa, occurs from Mexico to Chile and Argentina, with one species in southeast Asia. Its representatives are root-climbing lianas which may grow up to 60 m high in the tree canopy of temperate to (sub)tropical forests. Extensive field work throughout their distribution area and study of herbarium specimens has resulted in the discovery of new taxa. We present here a revision of the ten currently known Mexican species.Methods: Field work was carried out in northwestern, central and southeastern Mexico, including exploration in areas where the genus had not been collected before. Detailed morphological and architectural studies of all species were carried out, based on living plants in their natural habitat, as well as on dried specimens from our own collections and all available herbarium material.Key results: Six Hydrangea species new to science are described here, including an identification key for the native species and one widely cultivated species, illustrations and distribution maps. Additionally, amended descriptions for two earlier described species are presented, as a result of which all currently known native Mexican Hydrangeas now dispose of a detailed morphological description.Conclusions: The genus Hydrangea exemplifies the lack of taxon-specific botanical collection activities in Mexico. The discovery of these new species is even more surprising taking into account the considerable size of these plants. All Mexican Hydrangea species are threatened, mainly due to deforestation and land use changes.

A revision of Centaurea sect. Cynaroides (Asteraceae, Cardueae—Centaureinae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 363 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZEM NEGARESH ◽  
MOHAMMAD REZA RAHIMINEJAD
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Biogeographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Close Relatives

The taxonomic status of the taxa known to belong to Centaurea sect. Cynaroides and its close relatives was revised on the basis of herbarium specimens from the authors’ expeditions and other collections. It is established that Boissier is the correct author for C. sect. Cynaroides, and C. regia is designated as a lectotype of this section. Thirty seven species are recognised in the section. Three new species (C. kamalnejadii, C. mozaffarianii, and C. zarrei), four new subspecies (C. amadanensis subsp. ranjbarii, C. cataonica subsp. syriaca, C. gigantea subsp. rechingeri, and C. kurdica subsp. ciliata) and two varieties (C. regia var. longispinosa and C. regia var. purpurea) are described. Two subspecies are reduced to the variety rank, and two varieties are elevated to the subspecies rank. Centaurea sect. Paraphysis is reduced as a synonym of C. sect. Cynaroides. Centaurea onopordifolia is transferred from C. sect. Cynaroides to a new section, i.e. C. sect. Cardueae. Three lectotypes are designated, six lectotypes from previous lectotypifications are rejected and the author names for six species are corrected. The recognized taxa, the relevant synonyms, type details, examined specimen lists, full descriptions and a taxonomic key are provided for this section. Distribution maps are provided for each sections, species, subspecies and varieties. Images of the type specimens of all taxa and also photos of the species in its natural habitat and related fields are provided. Five chromosome counts (2n = 18) are reported for C. amadanensis subsp. amadanensis, C. amadanensis subsp. gymnoclada, C. nemecii, C. regia var. regia, and C. regia var. purpurea. Biogeographical distribution and ecology of taxa of C. sect. Cynaroides are presented and discussed. In addition, cytotaxonomy, homoploidy and evolution of C. sect. Cynaroides are illustrated and discussed. Finally, the pollination of C. sect. Cynaroides is illustrated, and also images of the pollinators of some species of the section are provided.

Systematic Revision of Papillaria (Meteoriaceae, Bryophyta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-438
Author(s):  
Juliana R. P. M. de Oliveira ◽  
Dietmar Quandt ◽  
Angela E. Newton ◽  
Kátia C. Pôrto ◽  
Thien-Tam Luong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Nuclear Its

Abstract—A systematic revision of the tropical moss genus Papillaria was carried out by combining morphological studies with phylogenetic reconstructions based on molecular data from the plastid (trnL-F and rpl16) and the nuclear (ITS region) genomes. For the morphological study a set of qualitative and quantitative features was studied in over 2800 herbarium specimens, including the types, of all 55 previously accepted species in the genus. After revision, nine species of Papillaria were recognized, Papillaria crocea and P. flexicaulis which are broadly distributed in the tropics, P. africana that is endemic to Africa, P. laevifolia that is known from the Americas, and P. flavolimbata, P. funiformis, P. leuconeura, P. nitens, and P. zeloflexicaulis that are known from Australia and the Pacific Islands. The majority of the other previously accepted names do not belong to Papillaria s. s. but to the closely related genera Toloxis and Meteorium. We propose five new synonyms under P. africana as well as one new synonym for P. crocea and one for P. laevifolia. The revision reduced the number of Papillaria species in Africa from ten to one and in South America from thirteen to three. We extend the geographic range of P. crocea due to a new record from eastern South America (Brazil).

Australian Palms

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Leslie Dowe
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Lord Howe Island ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Norfolk Island ◽  
The Usa

Australian Palms offers an updated and thorough systematic and taxonomic treatment of the Australian palm flora, covering 60 species in 21 genera. Of these, 54 species occur in continental Australia and six species on the off-shore territories of Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and Christmas Island. Incorporating recent advances in biogeographic and phylogenetic research, Australian Palms provides a comprehensive introduction to the palm family Arecaceae, with reviews of botanical history, biogeography, phylogeny, ecology and conservation. Thorough descriptions of genera and species include notes on ecology and typification, and keys and distribution maps assist with field recognition. Colour photographs of habit, leaf, flowers, fruit and unique diagnostic characters also feature for each species. This work is the culmination of over 20 years of research into Australian palms, including extensive field-work and examination of herbarium specimens in Australia, South-East Asia, Europe and the USA.

A revision of Attalea (Arecaceae, Arecoideae, Cocoseae, Attaleinae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 444 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-76
Author(s):  
ANDREW HENDERSON
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Qualitative Variables

A taxonomic revision of the neotropical palm genus Attalea based on morphological data was carried out. Nine hundred and two herbarium specimens were scored for 21 quantitative and 33 qualitative variables. Using the Phylogenetic Species Concept, qualitative variables were used to recognize 30 species. These are widely distributed in Central and South America from Mexico to Bolivia and Paraguay, with one species in Haiti. Nomenclature, descriptions, and distribution maps are provided for each species. Qualitative variables are illustrated, and illustrations of 22 living plants are also provided.

scholarly journals A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 1-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Santamaría-Aguilar ◽  
Reinaldo Aguilar ◽  
Laura P. Lagomarsino
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Distribution Maps

A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) is presented for Mesoamerica. Fourteen species are recognised, amongst them six are described and published as new, based on morphology: V. allenii D.Santam. & Aguilar, sp. nov. from Costa Rica, V. otobifolia D.Santam., sp. nov. from Panama and V. amistadensis D.Santam., sp. nov., V. chrysocarpa D.Santam. & Aguilar, sp. nov., V. fosteri D.Santam., sp. nov. and V. montana D.Santam., sp. nov. from both Costa Rica and Panama. Additionally, a lectotype is designated for V. koschnyi, accompanied by an epitype in view of the fragmentary material. Finally, we recognise V. laevigata and V. nobilis as morphologically distinct species, though these are frequently considered synonymys of V. guatemalensis and V. surinamensis, respectively. Of the fourteen accepted species, twelve of them are endemic to Mesoamerica, while the remaining two species (V. elongata and V. sebifera) extend into South America. Illustrations, species diagnoses and distribution maps for each species are provided, as is an identification key to all species.

Prevalence and geographic distribution of haemophilia in Costa Rica

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S28-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arroyo ◽  
L. Salazar-Sánchez ◽  
G. Jiménez-Cruz ◽  
P. Chaverri ◽  
E. Arrieta-Bolaños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Many ◽  
Low Prevalence

SummaryHaemophilia is the most frequent hereditary haemorrhagic illness and it is due to the deficiency of coagulation factors VIII (haemophilia A, HA) or IX (haemophilia B, HB).The prevalence of this disease varies according to the country, those having better survival rates having also higher prevalences. Specifically in Costa Rica, there are around 130 HA and 30 HB families. This study reports the prevalence and a spatial distribution analysis of both types of the disease in this country. The prevalence of haemophilia in this country is 7 cases per 100 000 men, for HA it is 6 cases per 100 000 and for HB it is 1 case per 100 000 male inhabitants. The prevalence of this disease is low when compared with other populations. This low prevalence could be due to the many patients that have died because of infection with human immunodeficiency virus during the 1980s. The prevalence of haemophilia in Costa Rica is almost one half of that present in developed countries. Nevertheless, the ratio between HA and HB follows world tendency: 5 : 1. In this study, nationwide geographical distribution maps were drawn in order to visualize the origin of severe cases and how this influences the pattern of distribution for both types of haemophilia. By means of these maps, it was possible to state that there is no association between the sites of maximum prevalence of mutated alleles and ethnicity. With this study, haemophilia prevalence distribution maps can be used to improve efforts for the establishment of hemophilia clinics or specialized health centers in those areas which hold the highest prevalences in this country. Also, this knowledge can be applied to improve treatment skills and offer the possibility of developing focused genetic counseling for these populations.

New details of the male terminalia of Diathoneura longipennis (Malloch, 1926) (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Carlos R. Vilela ◽  
Gerhard Bächli
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
First Record ◽  
Type Locality

The male terminalia of a non-type Diathoneura longipennis (Malloch 1926) specimen,collected in Peru, were dissected and analyzed. The aedeagus and associated sclerites were found tohave been fixed at a late stage of protrusion, resulting in a different morphology, when compared to thetwo previous publications, which were fixed at earlier stages. Consequently, additional details of certainanatomical parts were observed and a better understanding of the aedeagus protruding process was attained.Diathoneura longipennis has been previously identified in San Mateo, Alajuela, Costa Rica (type locality)and Panama, and this specimen represents the first record of this species in South America.

scholarly journals A Synopsis of Orthotrichum s. lato (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae) in China, with Distribution Maps and a Key to Determination

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Plášek ◽  
Zuzana Komínková ◽  
Ryszard Ochyra ◽  
Lucie Fialová ◽  
Shuiliang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
First Time

A total of 46 species and two varieties of the traditionally interpreted genus Orthotrichum are currently known to occur in China. They represent five genera, including Orthotrichum (29 species), Lewinskya (14 species and two varieties), and Nyholmiella and Leratia that are represented by a single species each. The fifth genus Florschuetziella, also consisting of only one species, F. scaberrima, is an entirely neglected representative of the China’s moss flora. A list of all accepted taxa is presented and for each taxon all literature records and herbarium specimens are enumerated for provinces in which they have been recorded, and their distribution is mapped. A key to determination of Chinese orthotrichalean mosses is presented. A chronological list of 63 species and varieties and two designations, O. catagonioides and O. microsporum which have never been validly published, reported from China in the years 1892–2020 is presented. Four species, Orthotrichum brasii, O. hooglandii, O. elegans and O. gymnostomum are excluded from the bryoflora of China and Lewinskya affinis var. bohemica and Orthotrichum schimperi are recorded for the first time from this country. Phytogeography of the Chinese taxa of the orthotrichalean mosses is considered and they are grouped into eight phytogeographical elements and five sub-elements.

Xanthomonas gardneri. [Distribution map].

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Sutic) Jones et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae. Hosts: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Bulgaria and Russia), Asia (Malaysia), Africa (Ethiopia and Reunion), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica) and South America (Brazil, Espirito Santo, Goias, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina).

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