Taxonomy, evolution and phylogeography of the genus Helonias (Melanthiaceae) revisited

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 390 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
NORIYUKI TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Southern Sakhalin ◽  
Nansei Islands

This paper reviews the taxonomy, evolution and phylogeographic aspects of the genus Helonias L. sensu lato, including Ypsilandra and Heloniopsis (Melanthiaceae) that are basically similar in many morphological and ecological characters to Helonias sensu stricto. It includes three parts, I–III. In Part I, characters and their variation are examined to determine generic traits and diversity. In Part II, an attempt is made to taxonomically determine diversity among individuals. Taxonomic conclusions and revisions are principally the following: Helonias comprises 12 species, which are classified into two sections, H. sect. Helonias and H. sect. Heloniopsis comb. & stat. nov. Helonias sect. Helonias consists of H. bullata only; H. sect. Heloniopsis comprises two subsections, H. subsect. Ypsilandra comb. & stat. nov. and H. subsect. Heloniopsis. Helonias subsect. Ypsilandra is composed of five species previously published under the genus Ypsilandra. Helonias subsect. Heloniopsis consists of two series, H. ser. Umbellatae ser. nov., with three species from Taiwan and the Nansei Islands (incl. the Ryukyus), Japan, and H. ser. Heloniopsis, with three species from Japan, Korea and E. Russia (southern Sakhalin). Helonias yunnanensis var. mesostyla is described as a new variety from N Myanmar and SW China (NW Yunnan). The new combinations Helonias koreana (from Korea) and H. parviflora (from China) are proposed. Lectotypes for Ypsilandra parviflora, Y. thibetica, Y. yunnanensis var. micrantha, Heloniopsis breviscapa and H. grandiflora are designated. A revised typification for Sugerokia japonica is proposed, negating a previous lectotypification. Heloniopsis tubiflora is reduced to synonymy under Helonias koreana. In Part III, the evolutionary and phylogeographic aspects of Helonias are discussed, and a phylogram inferred from cladistic analysis of phenotypic characters is presented. In the phylogram, Helonias is monophyletic, while H. sect. Helonias and H. subsect. Ypsilandra are respectively paraphyletic, and H. subsect. Heloniopsis is monophyletic. Incongruence in results between morphological and DNA sequence analyses is briefly discussed.

Morphological and molecular evidence places Maronina into synonymy with Protoparmelia (Ascomycota: Lecanorales)

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PAPONG ◽  
G. KANTVILAS ◽  
H. T. LUMBSCH
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement

AbstractThe phylogenetic placement of the genus Maronina was studied, based chiefly on phenotypic characters such as thallus colour and anatomy, secondary chemistry, the anatomy of the excipulum and the ascus-type. DNA sequence data of mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal loci from some of the species support the hypothesis that Maronina is nested within Protoparmelia. Hence, Maronina is reduced to synonymy with Protoparmelia. Comparison of genetic distances suggests that the two varieties within M. orientalis should be regarded as distinct species. Consequently, the new combinations Protoparmelia australiensis (Hafellner & R. W. Rogers) Kantvilas et al., P. corallifera (Kantvilas & Papong) Kantvilas et al., P. hesperia (Kantvilas & Elix) Kantvilas et al., P. multifera (Nyl.) Kantvilas et al., and P. orientalis (Kantvilas & Papong) Kantvilas et al. are proposed.

scholarly journals PHYLOGENY OF SOME MIDDLE AMERICAN PITVIPERS BASED ON A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL 12S AND 16S DNA SEQUENCE INFORMATION

1999 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Werman ◽  
Brian I. Crother ◽  
Mary E. White
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New World ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Striking Contrast

The cladistic relationships of several Middle American pitvipers representing the genera Bothrops (sensu stricto), Bothriechis, Cerrophidion, Lachesis and Porthidium were determined using mitochondrial 12S and 16S DNA sequence information. Maximum parsimony analyses were performed using PAUP on aligned sequences that included published information for related taxa. Two sets of analyses were conducted: one disregarding gaps in the aligned matrix, and another with gaps treated as a fifth base. When gaps were excluded resolution declined, although the general arrangement of the taxa changed little. A consistent relationship was the grouping of ((Porthidium, Bothriechis) Lachesis). The placement of Lachesis, as nested within other bothropoid genera, is only partially supported by results of other authors. The arrangement of Crotalus, Bothrops and Cerrophidion was ambiguous when gaps were discounted. In both trees, Agkistrodon was basal to the New World forms. The remaining genera, Trimeresurus (Protobothrops), Vipera, Azemiops, and Coluber, were uniformly distant to the former taxa. Also of interest is the lack of close relationship, based on the DNA data here and elsewhere, between Bothrops and Porthidium. This is in striking contrast to results based on morphologic and allozymic analyses of previous studies. It is concluded that additional DNA sequence information from a larger sample of taxa will be necessary to better assess the phylogenetic relationships among Middle American and related pitvipers.

First report of Hericium cirrhatum from Pakistan

Mycotaxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-852
Author(s):  
Junaid Khan ◽  
Hassan Sher ◽  
Shah Hussain ◽  
Abdul Nasir Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
First Time

Hericium cirrhatum, a widespread but locally rare tooth fungus is reported for the first time from Pakistan. This species is characterized by white to cream semicircular basidiomata (usually arranged in tiers) with a granular to slightly spiny sterile upper surface, a fertile under surface with 10–15 mm long pointed spines, and ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores. Morphological characters and DNA sequence analyses inferred from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) confirm the identity of the taxon.

Phylogeny and re-definition of the genus Melanophora (Diptera: Rhinophoridae), with description of a new species from Sardinia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2318 (1) ◽  
pp. 552-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERFILIPPO CERRETTI ◽  
THOMAS PAPE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A cladistic analysis of the genus Melanophora Meigen, 1803 (type-species: Musca grossificationis Linnaeus, 1758 [= Musca roralis Linnaeus, 1758]) is presented and the generic delimitation is critically redefined. The nominal genus-group taxon Bequaertiana Curran, 1929 (type-species: Bequaertiana argyriventris Curran, 1929) is synonymised with Melanophora Meigen syn. nov. The following new combinations are proposed: Melanophora argyriventris (Curran, 1929) comb. nov. and Melanophora basilewskyi (Peris, 1957) comb. nov. Melanophora chia sp. nov. from SW Sardinia is described, illustrated and compared with the other known species of the genus. The male of Melanophora asetosa Kugler, 1978 is described for the first time. Melanophora basilewskyi (Peris, 1957) is recorded from Kenya for the first time.

scholarly journals Application of ribotyping and IS200 fingerprinting to distinguish the five Salmonella serotype O6,7[ratio ]c[ratio ]1,5 groups: Choleraesuis sensu stricto, Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf, Choleraesuis var. Decatur, Paratyphi C, and Typhisuis

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. UZZAU ◽  
M. HOVI ◽  
B. A. D. STOCKER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Salmonella Serotype ◽  
Flagellar Antigen ◽  
High Degree

Sixty-seven strains of the five described Salmonella serotypes having antigens 6,7[ratio ]c[ratio ]1,5, that is S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis sensu stricto, Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf, Choleraesuis var. Decatur, Paratyphi C, and Typhisuis, were examined for 16S rrn profile ribotype, presence of IS200 and phenotypic characters, including rate of change of flagellar-antigen phase and nutritional character. Choleraesuis sensu stricto and its Kunzendorf variant had related but distinct ribotypes. Therefore, ribotyping appears to be a suitable method for differentiating Choleraesuis non-Kunzendorf from Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf. Some strains of Paratyphi C had 16S profiles that resembled that of Choleraesuis non-Kunzendorf, while others resembled that of Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf. The Typhisuis profiles were like those of Choleraesuis non-Kunzendorf, while the Choleraesuis var. Decatur profiles were unlike those of any of the other four groups. Furthermore, IS200 fingerprinting discriminated between Choleraesuis var. Decatur and the other strains with antigenic formula O6,7[ratio ]c[ratio ]1,5, and comparison of IS200 patterns showed a high degree of genetic divergence within Choleraesuis var. Decatur. Our findings show that ribotyping and IS200 fingerprinting, combined with classical microbiological methods, distinguish the groups Choleraesuis non-Kunzendorf, Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf, Choleraesuis var. Decatur, Paratyphi C and Typhisuis.

A taxonomic revision of the Lichen genus Hypogymnia in Australasia.

Brunonia ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Elix
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinean

The Australian, New Zealand and Papua New Guinean representatives of Hypogymia are reviewed. Photographs, keys and descriptions are given for the 11 species and five varieties. Two new species are described, H. enteromorphoides and H. kosciuskoensis, as well as a new variety, H. subphysodes var. austerodioides and six new combinations are made, namely H. lugubris var. sublugubris, H. lugubris var. compactior, H. pulchrilobata, H. pul- verata, H. tubularis and H. turgidula. Distribution of these taxa is discussed and maps have been provided. The species included in this revision are H. billardieri, H. enteromorphoides, H. kosciuskoensis, H. lugubris, H. mundata, H. pulchrilobata, H. pulverata, H. subphysodes, H. tubularis, H. turgidula and H. vittata.

The ovipositor system of Scelionid and Platygastrid wasps (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea): Comparative morphology and phylogenetic implications

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Austin ◽  
and S. A. Field
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Type System ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
The Status ◽  
Baseline Information

The morphology of the sclerotised components of the ovipositor system is comprehensively surveyed for scelionid and platygastrid wasps, with information being assessed for 120 genera and 220 species. A diagnosis for the ovipositor system is presented for most genera to complement existing generic descriptions. Two previously described and mechanically different forms of the ovipositor system are recognised: (1) the Ceratobaeus-type that is extended and retracted by antagonistic muscles and (2) the Scelio-type that is operated by changes in hydrostatic pressure, where the ovipositor is extended at the end of an elongate telescopic tube derived from expanded intersegmental membrane between metasomal segments 6 and 7. Comparison of these forms with the supposed ground plan for the Scelionidae strongly indicates that the Scelio-type is apomorphic, that it defines a monophyletic group associated with orthopteran host eggs, and that it comprises the tribes Scelionini, Calliscelionini, most Psilanteridini, Aradophagini, Neoscelionini, Platyscelionini, Doddiellini and four genera misplaced within the Sparasionini and Baryconini (Archaeoteleia Masner, Bracalba Dodd, Chromoteleia Ashmead and Oxyscelio Kieffer), as well as Sceliacanthella Dodd. Until a more robust classification of the superfamily is forthcoming, it is proposed that this group be informally referred to as the 'Scelionini sensu lato'. Further, seven genera (Habroteleia Kieffer, Palpoteleia Kieffer, Anteris Foerster, Fusicornia Risbec, Leptoteleia Kieffer, Opisthacantha Ashmead and Styloteleia Kieffer) are misplaced in the Calliscelionini and Psilanteridini because they possess the Ceratobaeus-type system. Nixonia Masner, Sparasion Latreille and Sceliomorpha Ashmead (Sparasionini) are considered to have the most primitive ovipositor system because they possess a Ceratobaeus-type system, and sub-basally fused lateral and latero-ventral apodemes, the latter being loosely attached to sternite 6. Sparasion and Sceliomorpha also have very short lateral apodemes and this, in conjunction with the form of the apodemes, can be considered to be the ground plan for the superfamily. The Platygastridae all possess a modified ovipositor system but, nonetheless, one that in most cases is extended and retracted by musculature (i.e. Ceratobaeus-type). In particular, the system in most platygastrids is typified by having metasomal tergite 8 and associated cerci missing, the lateral apodemes short and forming a U-shape, and the ovipositor assembly generally robust. Only one of approximately 30 genera examined, Acerotella Masner, has very elongate apodemes, as in the Scelionidae. Many platygastrids also have a pair of latero-ventral apodemes, a presumed plesiomorphic character, rather than a single medial apodeme on stemite 6, which is the case for many Scelionidae. The most highly modified system is found in Isostasius Foerster and some Synopeas (Sactogaster) Foerster, where the ovipositor assembly is coiled vertically or partly so and the apodemes are greatly reduced. Generally, characters associated with the ovipositor system do not provide any independent support for the most recent higher-level classification of platygastrids, although they show substantial potential for more accurate definition of genera. A preliminary cladistic analysis of 14 ovipositor characters supports the monophyly of five clades that correspond to the Scelionini s. l., the Scelionidae (minus the Sparasionini sensu stricto), the Sparasionini s. str., the Platygastridae, and the Sparasioriini s. str. + Platygastridae. Overall, results from this study will provide baseline information on the ovipositor system as a prelude to a more complete phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily including external morphological characters. Although no new classification for the Scelionidae and Platygastridae is proposed, their higher-level taxonomy is reviewed and discussed and cases identified where, on the basis of ovipositor morphology, taxa (tribes and/or genera) apparently form monophyletic groups, and where taxa are misplaced. Finally, the status of the major higher-level groups within the superfamily is discussed, as is the available evidence to support their monophyly.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Pluteus glaucotinctus sensu lato (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), a multicontinental species complex

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Menolli Jr. ◽  
ALFREDO JUSTO ◽  
PEDRO ARRILLAGA ◽  
C. K. PRADEEP ◽  
ANDREW M. MINNIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Type Collection ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

In order to better understand species delimitation in the Pluteus glaucotinctus species complex, we present a detailed study based on morphological and DNA sequence (nrITS + tef1) data. Pluteus glaucotinctus sensu stricto is known only from the type collection (Democratic Republic of the Congo), which is re-examined here. Four other species are recognized in this complex and described herein as new: P. izurun from Spain, P. meridionalis from Brazil, P. padanilus from India and P. thoenii from Africa. Phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS + tef1 sequence data support the recognition of all species in this complex.

Phylogenetic placement of Acrospeira

Mycotaxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
De-Wei Li ◽  
Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz ◽  
Neil P. Schultes
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement

The morphology of Acrospeira mirabilis is described and illustrated based on a collection from Florida, USA. Phylogenies generated from ITS and LSU DNA sequence analyses place the genus Acrospeira in Ceratostomataceae. Based on molecular data, Sphaerodes inferior (≡ Microthecium retisporum var.inferius) is proposed as Microthecium inferius comb. nov.

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