Resurrection of Cremanthodium gracillimum and C. wardii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), with notes on the genus in Myanmar

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 446 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
LONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Full Description ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Separate Species

Cremanthodium gracillimum and C. wardii (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), two species endemic to northern Myanmar, have been previously reduced to the synonymy of C. rhodocephalum and C. campanulatum, respectively. Critical morphological comparison, however, indicates that both of them are separate species easily distinguishable in the genus. The specific status of the two species is therefore reinstated herein. A full description is given for the two species, and some taxonomic notes are made on other Cremanthodium species from Myanmar. A key to all the species of the genus in this country is provided.

A morphological comparison of Scirpus acutus and S. validus in southern Manitoba

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2331-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Shay ◽  
A. J. Macaulay ◽  
K. A. Frego
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Scirpus Acutus ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green

Sixty stands of Scirpus acutus Muhl. and S. validus Vahl from five areas in southern Manitoba were examined to determine (i) whether the two were morphologically distinguishable within the region studied and, if so, (ii) which morphological characters were the most useful to separate them. Thirteen characters were measured on pressed and living specimens. From these, six bimodally distributed characters were objectively selected to calculate a biometric index for each specimen. Mean indices for 56 stands were separable into two groups, indicating that they contained pure populations of one taxon. Three stands had mixed populations, and one contained morphologically intermediate individuals. The two taxa can be consistently identified using a combination of six characters. Scirpus acutus has an inflorescence < 47 mm long, less than seven primary rays, no secondary rays, clusters of more than five spikelets, aerenchymal lacunae < 0.9 mm in diameter, and dark green culms in fresh specimens. In contrast, S. validus has inflorescences > 80 mm long, more than 13 primary rays, secondary, tertiary, and occasionally quaternary rays present, spikelets generally in clusters of one to three, aerenchymal lacunae > 1.5 mm in diameter, and light green culms in fresh specimens. Data from Manitoba populations support their status as separate species.

Alyssum rossetii (Brassicaceae), a new species from the Aosta Valley in Italy based on morphological and genome size data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 360 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
STANISLAV ŠPANIEL ◽  
KLAUS KAPLAN ◽  
MAURIZIO BOVIO ◽  
LENKA MÁRTONFIOVÁ ◽  
VERONIKA CETLOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Full Description ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species

Alyssum rossetii, a stenoendemic madwort discovered on a mountain slope in the Valpelline valley (northern part of the Aosta Valley in the Pennine Alps), is described here as a new species. It is a perennial that is morphologically close to the Alyssum montanum-A. repens complex, with several hitherto neglected peculiar morphological characters. Here we present a full description of the new taxon, including information on its chromosome number, genome size and ecology, as well as a detailed morphological comparison of the new species with four related taxa occuring in the broader region, namely A. flexicaule, A. montanum, A. orophilum and A. rhodanense. Besides morphological differences, the new species also conspicuously differs from the other taxa in relative monoploid genome size. According to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, it should be classified as Endangered.

scholarly journals A morphological comparison of Arceuthobium abietinum and A. campylopodum (Viscaceae) and nomenclatural changes for A. abietinum

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Robert L. Mathiasen ◽  
Shawn C. Kenaley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High Degree

Fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium abietinum, Viscaceae) parasitizes true firs (Abies spp.) in the Pacific Northwest through California, the Southwest, and into northern Mexico. At present, fir dwarf mistletoe consists of two special forms (formae speciales, f. sp.) and one subspecies that are morphologically similar, but exhibit a high degree of host specificity. However, A. abietinum has been treated as a subspecies of A. campylopodum or conspecific with it in some taxonomic treatments. Therefore, we undertook this study to compare the morphologies of these dwarf mistletoes; collecting morphological data from nearly 100 A. abietinum and 60 A. campylopodum populations collected across most of their geographic ranges and analyzing these data using univariate and multivariate statistical tests. Our results demonstrated that the special forms and subspecies of A. abietinum are morphologically distinct from A. campylopodum, thereby, supporting the continued recognition of A. abietinum as a separate species. Furthermore, our analysis found significant differences for several of the characters we examined between the special forms of A. abietinum. Therefore, we recombined the special forms as subspecies: A. abietinum subsp. abietinum (formerly f. sp. concoloris) and A. abietinum subsp. magnificae (formerly f. sp. magnificae). The previously described A. abietinum subsp. wiensii was morphologically distinct from subsp. abietinum and subsp. magnificae. The distinctiveness of these taxa was supported by their host affinities as well.

A genetic and morphological comparison of shallow- and deep-water populations of the introduced dreissenid bivalve Dreissena bugensis

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Trevor Claxton ◽  
Anthony B Wilson ◽  
Gerry L Mackie ◽  
Elizabeth G Boulding
Keyword(s):  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Quagga Mussel ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Shell Mass ◽  
Dreissenid Mussel

The discovery of a morphologically distinct dreissenid mussel in the profundal zone of Lake Erie suggests the presence of either a third dreissenid mussel species in the Great Lakes or a previously unknown morphological phenotype of an existing dreissenid species. We examined the morphometrics and molecular systematics of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and the profundal and epilimnetic forms of the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) from Lakes Erie and Ontario. In an attempt to resolve the taxonomic status of the profundal form of the quagga mussel, we sequenced a 710 base pair fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene of the two forms of the quagga mussel. No nucleotide differences were found, supporting the hypothesis that the profundal form of the quagga mussel is a phenotype of D. bugensis, not a separate species. In contrast, the second and third principal component scores from an analysis of the morphological variables shell length, shell width, shell height, and shell mass separated the epilimnetic and profundal forms of the quagga mussel into two groups, but grouped zebra mussels from all depths together. The most parsimonious explanation for our results is that D. bugensis shows plasticity in shell morphology with respect to depth, whereas D. polymorpha does not.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Identity of Carpinus dayongina Franchet (Betulaceae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Qianqian He ◽  
Runan Zhao ◽  
Anguo He ◽  
Zunling Zhu ◽  
Yihua Tong
Keyword(s):  
Its Sequences ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Flora Of China ◽  
Nuclear Its

Carpinus polyneura and C. dayongina are recognised as separate species in Flora of China. In this study, the results of an examination of literature, morphological comparison and phenetic clustering of nuclear ITS sequences suggest that C. dayongina is conspecific with C. polyneura. Thus, we propose reducing C. dayongina to a synonym of C. polyneura.

A Morphological Comparison of the Adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and O. mercator (Fauv.) (Col., Cucujidae).

1958 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Slow
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Breeding Experiment ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Status

The object of the work described in this paper was to compare adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and O. mercator (Fauv.) by morphological and biometric methods with a view to determining the status of the latter as either a variety of O. surinamensis or as a separate species.There are some marked and constant differences between the two insects in the structure of the male genitalia. These are listed.The analysis of the biometric results shows a clear-cut difference between the two insects in the ratio of eye length to temple length. All the other ratios considered overlap, although the means may be widely different. Some of these ratios are illustrated by histograms.A cross-breeding experiment gave no offspring from the mixed pairs.It is concluded that O. mercator is a good species which can be recognised morphologically.

Morphological and electrophoretic taxonomy of the Australian eucalypt leaf-blister sawfly genus Phylacteophaga (Hymenoptera: Pergidae): a potential major pest group of eucalypts worldwide

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Mayo ◽  
A. D. Austin ◽  
M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThe taxonomic status of Phylacteophaga Froggatt is re-evaluated using the independent techniques of allozyme electrophoresis and detailed morphological comparison. Analysis of 45 scorable loci showed highly significant fixed differences (46–51%) among two currently recognized subspecies, P. eucalypti eucalypti Froggatt P. e. froggatti Riek, and a previously unrecognized taxon from Tasmania, demonstrating that they are different species. In addition to colour, significant variation is revealed among P. e. occidens Benson, P. rubida Riek and the three electrophoretically defined species, in body size, structure of the antennae, the shape of the crest, dorsal spines and saw teeth of the ovipositor, and in male genitalia. Based on these results there is substantial justification in recognizing P. occidens and P. rubida as separate species, distinct from P. eucalypti, P. froggatti, and P. amygdalinisp. n. Further, comparison of the holotype of P. e. tasmanica Riek shows it to be conspecific with the lectotype of P. eucalypti (designated here) so that the former species is considered a junior synonym. The distribution of P. eucalypti and P. froggatti is extended to include Tasmania, and a key is presented to distinguish the males and females of all five species. The biology and host plant relations of the species concerned are discussed, along with their pest status and potential to spread to other regions of the world where eucalypts are grown.

scholarly journals Speciation among sympatric lineages in the genus Palythoa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoantharia) revealed by morphological comparison, phylogenetic analyses and investigation of spawning period

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Mizuyama ◽  
Giovanni D. Masucci ◽  
James D. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Spawning Period

Zoantharians are sessile marine invertebrates and colonial organisms possessing sexual and asexual reproductive ability. The zooxanthellate zoantharian genus Palythoa is widely distributed in coral reef ecosystems. In the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, sympatric Palythoa tuberculosa and P. mutuki are the dominant species of this genus in the intertidal zone. Previous phylogenetic analyses have shown that these two species are closely related, and additionally revealed a putative sympatric hybrid species (designated as Palythoa sp. yoron). In this study, we attempted to delineate Palythoa species boundaries and to clarify the relationships among these three groups plus another additional putative sympatric species (P. aff. mutuki) by multiple independent criteria. The morphology of these four lineages was clearly different; for example the number of tentacles was significantly different for each species group in all pairwise comparisons. From observations of gonadal development conducted in 2010 and 2011, P. sp. yoron and P. aff. mutuki appear to be reproductively isolated from P. tuberculosa. In the phylogenetic tree resulting from maximum likelihood analyses of the ITS-rDNA sequence alignment, P. tuberculosa and P. sp. yoron formed a very well supported monophyletic clade (NJ = 100%, ML = 95%, Bayes = 0.99). This study demonstrates that despite clear morphological and/or reproductive differences, P. tuberculosa and P. sp. yoron are phylogenetically entangled and closely related to each other, as are P. mutuki and P. aff. mutuki. Additionally, no single molecular marker was able to divide these four lineages into monophyletic clades by themselves, and a marker that has enough resolution to solve this molecular phylogenetic species complex is required. In summary, the morphological and reproductive results suggest these lineages are four separate species, and that incomplete genetic lineage sorting may prevent the accurate phylogenetic detection of distinct species with the DNA markers utilized in this study, demonstrating the value of morphological and reproductive data when examining closely related lineages.

Ultrastructure and Morphology of the Neurospora Crassa Cell Wall Mutants, Slime And Slime X, Using Tem and Sem

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Karen S. Howard ◽  
H. D. Braymer ◽  
M. D. Socolofsky ◽  
S. A. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
X Cells ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Isolated Cell

The recently isolated cell wall mutant slime X of Neurospora crassa was prepared for ultrastructural and morphological comparison with the cell wall mutant slime. The purpose of this article is to discuss the methods of preparation for TEM and SEM observations, as well as to make a preliminary comparison of the two mutants.TEM: Cells of the slime mutant were prepared for thin sectioning by the method of Bigger, et al. Slime X cells were prepared in the same manner with the following two exceptions: the cells were embedded in 3% agar prior to fixation and the buffered solutions contained 5% sucrose throughout the procedure.SEM: Two methods were used to prepare mutant and wild type Neurospora for the SEM. First, single colonies of mutant cells and small areas of wild type hyphae were cut from solid media and fixed with OSO4 vapors similar to the procedure used by Harris, et al. with one alteration. The cell-containing agar blocks were dehydrated by immersion in 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP).

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

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