Reticulitermes malletei (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): a valid Nearctic subterranean termite from Eastern North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1554 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. AUSTIN ◽  
A. -G. BAGNÈRES ◽  
A. L. SZALANSKI ◽  
R. H. SCHEFFRAHN ◽  
B. P. HEINTSCHEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene

The taxonomic status of Reticulitermes Holmgren in North America has been in need of revision for years, but because of morphological ambiguity, traditional morphological identification of Reticulitermes species has always been difficult and unreliable. Analysis of termites, applying non-morphological genetic comparisons of mitochondrial DNA from numerous populations across North America, has implicated new species which are presently under investigation. Applying the 16S rRNA gene with biometric, cuticular hydrocarbons, and ethological data, a cryptic species of Nearctic Reticulitermes has been identified from Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina and determined to constitute a valid species with an apparently Atlantic distribution. Epicuticular hydrocarbon analysis showing the presence of rare triunsaturated alkenes, and a total absence of methyl branched alkanes also support this cryptic group as a distinct species. The name for this species is Reticulitermes malletei, previously described, but not generally accepted by termite experts in the United States. Comparisons from a 403 bp region of the mtDNA 16S rRNA gene was used to discriminate known Reticulitermes species from North America: The eastern subterranean termite R. flavipes (Kollar), dark southern subterranean termite R. virginicus (Banks), light southern subterranean termite R. hageni Banks, arid subterranean termite R. tibialis Banks, and western subterranean termite R. hesperus Banks. When compared to this new species, both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood support their genetic isolation from sympatric populations of known species and eliminate either exotic Palearctic introductions or western Nearctic involvement.

scholarly journals First Report of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” on Field Tomatoes in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. French-Monar ◽  
A. F. Patton ◽  
J. M. Douglas ◽  
J. A. Abad ◽  
G. Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

In August 2008, 30% of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in plots in Lubbock County, Texas showed yellowing, lateral stem dieback, upward leaf curling, enlargement of stems, adventitious roots, and swollen nodes. Yellowing in leaves was similar to that seen with zebra chip disease (ZC) of potato that was confirmed in a potato field 112 km away in July 2008 and was associated with a ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ species (1), similar to findings earlier in 2008 in New Zealand and California (2,3). Tissue from four symptomatic plants of cv. Spitfire and two of cv. Celebrity were collected and DNA was extracted from midribs and petioles with a FastDNA Spin Kit (Qbiogene, Inc., Carlsbad, CA,). PCR amplification was done with 16S rRNA gene primers OA2 and OI2c, which are specific for “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” from potato and tomato and amplify a 1.1-kb fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of this new species (1,3). Amplicons of 1.1 kb were obtained from all samples and these were sequenced in both orientations (McLab, San Francisco, CA). Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were identical for both Spitfire and Celebrity and were submitted to the NCBI as GenBank Accession Nos. FJ939136 and FJ939137, respectively. On the basis of a BLAST search, sequence alignments revealed 99.9% identity with a new species of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ from potato (EU884128 and EU884129) in Texas (1); 99.7% identity with the new species “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” described from potato and tomato (3) in New Zealand (EU849020 and EU834130, respectively) and from the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli in California (2) (EU812559, EU812556); 97% identity with ‘Ca L. asiaticus’ from citrus in Malaysia (EU224393) and 94% identity with both ‘Ca. L. africanus’ and ‘Ca. L. americanus’ from citrus (EU921620 and AY742824, respectively). A neighbor-joining cladogram constructed using the 16S rRNA gene fragments delineated four clusters corresponding to each species, and these sequences clustered with “Ca. L. solanacearum”. A second PCR analysis was conducted with the CL514F/CL514R primer pair, which amplifies a sequence from the rplJ and rplL ribosomal protein genes of “Ca. L. solanacearum”. The resulting 669-bp products were 100% identical to a sequence reported from tomato in Mexico (FJ498807). This sequence was submitted to NCBI (GU169328). ZC, a disease causing losses to the potato industry, is associated with a ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ species (1–3) and was reported in Central America and Mexico in the 1990s, in Texas in 2000, and more recently in other states in the United States (4). In 2008, a “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” was detected on Capsicum annuum, S. betaceum, and Physalis peruviana in New Zealand (3). Several studies have shown that the potato psyllid, B. cockerelli, is a potential vector for this pathogen (2,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” in field tomatoes showing ZC-like foliar disease symptoms in the United States. References: (1). J. A. Abad et al. Plant Dis. 93:108, 2009 (2) A. K. Hansen et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:5862, 2008. (3) L. W. Liefting et al. Plant Dis. 93:208, 2009. (4) G. A. Secor et al. Plant Dis. 93:574, 2009.

scholarly journals Ixodes kangdingensis (Acari: Ixodidae), a new species from the Siberian weasel, Mustela sibirica (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIANYU GUO ◽  
YI SUN ◽  
GUANG XU ◽  
LANCE A. DURDEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Ixodes Arboricola ◽  
A New Species

SUMMARY The female and nymph of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kangdingensis n. sp. are described based on both morphology and analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Specimens of this new tick species were collected from a Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) in Kangding County, Sichuan Province, China. The morphological features of the female and nymph are unique to distinguish I. kangdingensis n. sp. from other members of the subgenus Pholeoixodes, including the presence of distinctly shaped cornua, anterior and posterior processes on palpal article I and a large angular projection on each side of the hypostome. Partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene grouped this species with Ixodes arboricola and Ixodes lividus with sequence divergence of new species from I. arboricola 4·16% and from I. lividus 8·49%. Data on the phylogenetic position, hosts, geographic distribution and key to females of closely related species are also provided.

scholarly journals Comparison of 16S rRNA Gene PCR and BACTEC 9240 for Detection of Neonatal Bacteremia

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2574-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Jordan ◽  
M. B. Durso
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Predictive Values

Ten percent of infants born in the United States are admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) annually. Approximately one-half of these admissions are from term infants (>34 weeks of gestation) at risk for systemic infection. Most of the term infants are not infected but rather have symptoms consistent with other medical conditions that mimic sepsis. The current standard of care for evaluating bacterial sepsis in the newborn is performing blood culturing and providing antibiotic therapy while awaiting the 48-h preliminary result of culture. Implementing a more rapid means of ruling out sepsis in term newborns could result in shorter NICU stays and less antibiotic usage. The purpose of this feasibility study was to compare the utility of PCR to that of conventional culture. To this end, a total of 548 paired blood samples collected from infants admitted to the NICU for suspected sepsis were analyzed for bacterial growth using the BACTEC 9240 instrument and for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene using a PCR assay which included a 5-h preamplification culturing step. The positivity rates by culture and PCR were 25 (4.6%) and 27 (4.9%) positive specimens out of a total of 548 specimens, respectively. The comparison revealed sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 96.0, 99.4, 88.9, and 99.8%, respectively, for PCR. In summary, this PCR-based approach, requiring as little as 9 h of turnaround time and blood volumes as small as 200 μl, correlated well with conventional blood culture results obtained for neonates suspected of having bacterial sepsis.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GENE 16S rRNA MICRO SYMBIONTS IN SPONGE AT MELAWAI BEACH, EAST KALIMANTAN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Marzuki ◽  
Alfian Noor ◽  
Nursiah La Nafie
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Molecular characterization studies have been conducted 16S rRNA gene micro symbiont of sponge origin Melawai Beach, Balikpapan in East Kalimantan. Objective analysis of histo- morphological research, isolation-purification, molecular characterization of micro-symbiont genes in order to search symbiont bacteria that can live in extreme environments contaminated hydrocarbon waste. The research method that morphological identification, isolation-purification and molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene with Chain Reaction Polymerization method. The results of histo-morphological analysis concluded sponge samples with species of Callyspongia sp. Isolation and purification mikro symbionts of sponge obtained 2 (two) isolates. Characteristics of Isolates 1; spherical shape, colonize and creamy, while isolates 2; jagged shape, oval and white colonies. Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene by PCR, Bacillus subtilis strain BAB-684 identification for isolates one is the number of nucleotide pairs reached 899 bp and the degree of similarity in GenBank reached 89% homologous, while the second is a Bacillus flexus strain PHCDB20 isolates the number reached 950 bp nucleotide pairs with the degree of similarity in GenBank reached 99% homologous

A new species of Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Borneo allied to M. nasuta (Schlegel, 1858)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4679 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
MISBAHUL MUNIR ◽  
AMIR HAMIDY ◽  
MASAFUMI MATSUI ◽  
DJOKO T. ISKANDAR ◽  
IRVAN SIDIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
A New Species

Within Sundaland, the species diversity of the genus Megophrys is richest in Borneo, with some species restricted to the northern highlands of the island. On the basis of molecular, morphological and acoustic evidence, we describe a new species of large-sized Megophrys, once confused with M. nasuta. The new species Megophrys kalimantanensis sp. nov. can be differentiated from all its congeners by large genetic distance more than 6.11% in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, much shorter rostral and orbital appendages, and unique advertisement call. This new species has been recorded from medium to high altitudes of mountain forest in southern and northernmost Borneo. 

scholarly journals Reduction of Arcobacter at Two Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants in Southern Arizona, USA

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaju Shrestha ◽  
Sherchan ◽  
Kitajima ◽  
Tanaka ◽  
Gerba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

This study aimed to identify the bacterial community in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and to determine the occurrence and reduction of Arcobacter, along with virulence genes (ciaB and pldA). A total of 48 samples (24 influent and 24 effluent) were collected at two WWTPs in southern Arizona in the United States, monthly from August 2011 to July 2012. Bacterial DNA extract was utilized for 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Quantification of Arcobacter 16S rRNA gene was conducted using a recently developed SYBR Green-based quantitative PCR assay. Among 847 genera identified, 113 (13%) were identified as potentially pathogenic bacteria. Arcobacter 16S rRNA gene was detected in all influent samples and ten (83%) and nine (75%) effluent samples at each plant, respectively. Log reduction ratios of Arcobacter 16S rRNA gene in Plant A and Plant B were 1.7 ± 0.9 (n = 10) and 2.3 ± 1.5 (n = 9), respectively. The ciaB gene was detected by quantitative PCR in eleven (92%) and twelve (100%) of 12 influent samples from Plant A and Plant B, respectively, while the pldA gene was detected in eight (67%) and six (50%) influent samples from Plant A and Plant B, respectively. The prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in WWTP effluent indicated the need for disinfection before discharge into the environment.

A new species of the processid shrimp genus Nikoides Paul’son, 1875 (Decapoda: Caridea) from Japan

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5057 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
TOMOYUKI KOMAI ◽  
ISAO HIRABAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Characteristic Shape ◽  
Mitochondrial 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the processid shrimp genus Nikoides Paul’son, 1875, N. subdistalis, is described and illustrated on the basis of five specimens collected from Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, at depths of 7–12 m. The new species appears most similar to N. maldivensis Borradaile, 1915 among the 10 known congeners, but is notable in the unique dentition of the rostrum and the characteristic shape of the antennular stylocerite. A partial segment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced from one of the paratypes of the new species, and genetic divergence among four congeneric taxa, of which three was downloaded from the GenBank database, is shown. An identification key to 11 species of Nikoides, including the new species, is given.  

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity of Rumen Methanogens from Sheep in Western Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1263-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andr�-Denis G. Wright ◽  
Andrew J. Williams ◽  
Barbara Winder ◽  
Claus T. Christophersen ◽  
Sharon L. Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Gene Libraries

ABSTRACT The molecular diversity of rumen methanogens in sheep in Australia was investigated by using individual 16S rRNA gene libraries prepared from the rumen contents obtained from six merino sheep grazing pasture (326 clones), six sheep fed an oaten hay-based diet (275 clones), and five sheep fed a lucerne hay-based diet (132 clones). A total of 733 clones were examined, and the analysis revealed 65 phylotypes whose sequences (1,260 bp) were similar to those of cultivated methanogens belonging to the order Methanobacteriales. Pasture-grazed sheep had more methanogen diversity than sheep fed either the oaten hay or lucerne hay diet. Methanobrevibacter strains SM9, M6, and NT7 accounted for over 90% of the total number of clones identified. M6 was more prevalent in grazing sheep, and SM9, despite being found in 16 of the 17 sheep, was more prevalent in sheep fed the lucerne-based diet. Five new species were identified. Two of these species exhibited very little sequence similarity to any cultivated methanogens and were found eight times in two of the six sheep that were grazing pasture. These unique sequences appear to represent a novel group of rumen archaea that are atypical for the rumen environment.

scholarly journals Morphological Identification of Ticks and Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens from Bare-Nosed Wombats (Vombatus Ursinus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Beard ◽  
Hayley J Stannard ◽  
Julie M Old
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Sarcoptic Mange ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition

Abstract Background Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of vertebrate hosts and transmit the widest range of pathogenic organisms of any arthropod vector. Seven tick species are known to feed on bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus), in addition to the highly prevalent Sarcoptes scabiei mite which causes fatal sarcoptic mange in most bare-nosed wombat populations. Little is known about the pathogens carried by most wombat ticks or how they impact wombats affected by sarcoptic mange.Methods Wombat ticks were sourced from wildlife hospitals and sanctuaries across Australia and identified to species level using taxonomic keys. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from a subsample, and following the amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 hypervariable region, next generation sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina MiSeq platform was used to assess the microbial composition.Results A total of 447 tick specimens were collected from 47 bare-nosed wombats between January 2019 and January 2020. Five species of ticks were identified comprising Bothriocroton auruginans (n = 420), Haemaphysalis bancrofti (n = 10), H. longicornis (n = 1), Ixodes tasmani (n = 12), and I. holocyclus (n = 4). Tick infestations ranged from 1 to 73 ticks per wombat. B. auruginans was the most prevalent tick species comprising 94% of the total number of samples and was present on 97.9% (46/47) of wombat hosts. NGS results revealed the 16S rRNA gene diversity profile was predominantly Proteobacteria (55.1%) followed by Firmicutes (21.9%) and Actinobacteria (18.4%). A species of Coxiella sharing closest sequence identity to C. burnetii (99.07%), was detected in 72% of B. auruginans and a Rickettsiella endosymbiont dominated the bacterial profile for I. tasmani.Conclusions A new host record for H. longicornis is bare-nosed wombats. One adult male and two engorged adult female specimens were found on an adult male wombat from Coolagolite in NSW and more specimens should be collected to confirm this host record. The most prevalent tick found on bare-nosed wombats is B. auruginans confirming previous records. Analysis of alpha-diversity showed high variability across both sample locations and instars, similar to previous studies. The detection of various Proteobacteria in this study highlights the high bacterial diversity in native Australian ticks.

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