scholarly journals First Report of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” on Field Tomatoes in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. French-Monar ◽  
A. F. Patton ◽  
J. M. Douglas ◽  
J. A. Abad ◽  
G. Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

In August 2008, 30% of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in plots in Lubbock County, Texas showed yellowing, lateral stem dieback, upward leaf curling, enlargement of stems, adventitious roots, and swollen nodes. Yellowing in leaves was similar to that seen with zebra chip disease (ZC) of potato that was confirmed in a potato field 112 km away in July 2008 and was associated with a ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ species (1), similar to findings earlier in 2008 in New Zealand and California (2,3). Tissue from four symptomatic plants of cv. Spitfire and two of cv. Celebrity were collected and DNA was extracted from midribs and petioles with a FastDNA Spin Kit (Qbiogene, Inc., Carlsbad, CA,). PCR amplification was done with 16S rRNA gene primers OA2 and OI2c, which are specific for “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” from potato and tomato and amplify a 1.1-kb fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of this new species (1,3). Amplicons of 1.1 kb were obtained from all samples and these were sequenced in both orientations (McLab, San Francisco, CA). Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were identical for both Spitfire and Celebrity and were submitted to the NCBI as GenBank Accession Nos. FJ939136 and FJ939137, respectively. On the basis of a BLAST search, sequence alignments revealed 99.9% identity with a new species of ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ from potato (EU884128 and EU884129) in Texas (1); 99.7% identity with the new species “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” described from potato and tomato (3) in New Zealand (EU849020 and EU834130, respectively) and from the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli in California (2) (EU812559, EU812556); 97% identity with ‘Ca L. asiaticus’ from citrus in Malaysia (EU224393) and 94% identity with both ‘Ca. L. africanus’ and ‘Ca. L. americanus’ from citrus (EU921620 and AY742824, respectively). A neighbor-joining cladogram constructed using the 16S rRNA gene fragments delineated four clusters corresponding to each species, and these sequences clustered with “Ca. L. solanacearum”. A second PCR analysis was conducted with the CL514F/CL514R primer pair, which amplifies a sequence from the rplJ and rplL ribosomal protein genes of “Ca. L. solanacearum”. The resulting 669-bp products were 100% identical to a sequence reported from tomato in Mexico (FJ498807). This sequence was submitted to NCBI (GU169328). ZC, a disease causing losses to the potato industry, is associated with a ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ species (1–3) and was reported in Central America and Mexico in the 1990s, in Texas in 2000, and more recently in other states in the United States (4). In 2008, a “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” was detected on Capsicum annuum, S. betaceum, and Physalis peruviana in New Zealand (3). Several studies have shown that the potato psyllid, B. cockerelli, is a potential vector for this pathogen (2,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of “Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum” in field tomatoes showing ZC-like foliar disease symptoms in the United States. References: (1). J. A. Abad et al. Plant Dis. 93:108, 2009 (2) A. K. Hansen et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:5862, 2008. (3) L. W. Liefting et al. Plant Dis. 93:208, 2009. (4) G. A. Secor et al. Plant Dis. 93:574, 2009.

scholarly journals A New ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ Species in Solanum betaceum (Tamarillo) and Physalis peruviana (Cape Gooseberry) in New Zealand

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1588-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Liefting ◽  
L. I. Ward ◽  
J. B. Shiller ◽  
G. R. G. Clover
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Blast Analysis ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Cape Gooseberry ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Solanum Betaceum

A new ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ species was recently identified in tomato, capsicum, and potato in New Zealand. The tomato/potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, is thought to be the vector of this species of liberibacter. During studies to determine additional host plants of the pathogen, leaves of Solanum betaceum (tamarillo, also known as tree tomato) and leaves and stems of Physalis peruviana (cape gooseberry) were collected from a home garden in South Auckland, New Zealand in July of 2008. These plants were not showing any obvious disease symptoms. They were located close to a commercial glasshouse site containing known liberibacter-infected tomatoes, and many psyllids were observed on the tamarillo tree over the summer and until late autumn. Total DNA was extracted from four tamarillo and two cape gooseberry samples with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Samples from tamarillo that were used for the extraction were taken from the midveins of old and young leaves and from young petioles. For cape gooseberry, samples were from the leaf midveins and the stems. The samples were tested by PCR using primers OA2 (GenBank Accession No. EU834130) and OI2c (1). These primers amplify a 1,160-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of the new liberibacter species. Amplicons of the expected size were obtained from all four tamarillo samples, with no amplification from negative control tamarillo plants grown from seed in an insect-proof glasshouse. Almost the entire length of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using primer pairs fD2 (3)/OI2c and OA2/rP1 (3), and the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer was amplified with primer pair OI2/23S1 (2). These amplicons, along with that from the OA2/OI2c primer pair, were directly sequenced, and overlapping fragments were assembled using the SeqMan software of the LaserGene package (DNASTAR, Inc., Madison, WI) (GenBank Accession No. EU935004). A 650-bp fragment of the β operon was also amplified and sequenced directly (GenBank Accession No. EU935005). BLAST analysis showed 100% nt identity to the liberibacter of tomato (GenBank Accession Nos. EU834130 and EU834131) and potato (GenBank Accession Nos. EU849020 and EU919514). The two cape gooseberry samples produced amplicons of the expected size with the 16S rRNA and β operon primers and the origin of the fragments were confirmed by direct sequencing with BLAST analysis showing 100% nt identity to isolates from tomato, potato, and tamarillo. To determine the distribution of disease, 53 samples of 10 leaves each (representing two leaves from five plants) were collected randomly from a commercial tamarillo crop in South Auckland. Small sections of the midveins were removed from each of the 10 leaves, bulked, and DNA was extracted as described above. The samples were tested by PCR using primer pair OA2/OI2c. Amplicons of the expected size were obtained from 2 of the 53 samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a liberibacter in tamarillo and cape gooseberry. It is unknown if the liberibacter induces symptoms in these species or if they act as symptomless reservoirs of the pathogen. The infected plants will be observed for symptom development over the course of a growing season. References: (1) S. Jagoueix et al. Mol. Cell. Probes 10:43, 1996. (2) S. Jagoueix et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:224, 1997. (3) W. G. Weisburg et al. J. Bacteriol. 173:697, 1991.

scholarly journals Phormium Yellow Leaf Phytoplasma Is Associated with Strawberry Lethal Yellows Disease in New Zealand

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Andersen ◽  
J. Longmore ◽  
L. W. Liefting ◽  
G. A. Wood ◽  
P. W. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

A yellows disease of strawberry plants was identified in propagation beds in New Zealand. Affected plants were flatter to the ground, showed purpling of older leaves, reduced leaf size, yellowing of younger leaves, and sometimes plant death. A phytoplasma was observed in the phloem of affected plants. The 16S rRNA gene of the phytoplasma was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from symptomatic plants and from one asymptomatic plant, but not from 36 other asymptomatic plants. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the phytoplasma is closely related or identical to the phytoplasma associated with the yellow leaf disease of New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax).

Desmonostoc danxiaense sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from Danxia mountain in China based on polyphasic approach

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 367 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
FANGFANG CAI ◽  
YIMING YANG ◽  
QIANZHI WEN ◽  
RENHUI LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Internally Transcribed Spacer ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

The recently established genus Desmonostoc was characterized by forming macroscopic colonies with diffluent mucilaginous envelopes embedding long vegetative filaments and possessing long chains of akinetes. The establishment of this new genus was further supported by the clustering of the 16S rRNA gene, which have a distinctive phylogenetic placement outside of Nostoc. In this study, a new cyanobacterial species was isolated from a wet rocky wall in Danxia mountain, Guangdong province, southern China, and the novel strains of this new species were evaluated by combining morphological characteristic and molecular data on the 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S internally transcribed spacer (ITS). This new taxon was found to be closest to Desmonostoc species. The separation of the new species described here as Desmonostoc danxiaense, using morphological and molecular traits, was based on differences in phenotypic, 16S rRNA gene, ITS sequence and its secondary structure.

Reticulitermes malletei (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): a valid Nearctic subterranean termite from Eastern North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1554 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. AUSTIN ◽  
A. -G. BAGNÈRES ◽  
A. L. SZALANSKI ◽  
R. H. SCHEFFRAHN ◽  
B. P. HEINTSCHEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene

The taxonomic status of Reticulitermes Holmgren in North America has been in need of revision for years, but because of morphological ambiguity, traditional morphological identification of Reticulitermes species has always been difficult and unreliable. Analysis of termites, applying non-morphological genetic comparisons of mitochondrial DNA from numerous populations across North America, has implicated new species which are presently under investigation. Applying the 16S rRNA gene with biometric, cuticular hydrocarbons, and ethological data, a cryptic species of Nearctic Reticulitermes has been identified from Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, and South Carolina and determined to constitute a valid species with an apparently Atlantic distribution. Epicuticular hydrocarbon analysis showing the presence of rare triunsaturated alkenes, and a total absence of methyl branched alkanes also support this cryptic group as a distinct species. The name for this species is Reticulitermes malletei, previously described, but not generally accepted by termite experts in the United States. Comparisons from a 403 bp region of the mtDNA 16S rRNA gene was used to discriminate known Reticulitermes species from North America: The eastern subterranean termite R. flavipes (Kollar), dark southern subterranean termite R. virginicus (Banks), light southern subterranean termite R. hageni Banks, arid subterranean termite R. tibialis Banks, and western subterranean termite R. hesperus Banks. When compared to this new species, both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood support their genetic isolation from sympatric populations of known species and eliminate either exotic Palearctic introductions or western Nearctic involvement.

scholarly journals First Report of Ear Soft Rot of Corn (Zea mays) Caused by Burkholderia gladioli in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1514-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-E. Lu ◽  
R. A. Henn ◽  
D. H. Nagel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Burkholderia Gladioli ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

During the summer of 2005, an uncharacterized disease was observed on sweet corn ‘Mirai 301BC’ commercially grown in Sunflower County, Mississippi. Initial symptoms developing at the base of the ear on interior husk leaves were brown, water-soaked, irregular lesions. These gradually enlarged up to 10 cm in diameter. Market value was significantly affected when the corn ears had visible symptoms of this disease. Bacterial cell streaming was observed at a magnification of ×675 from the diseased husk. A bacterium was consistently isolated from lesions on nutrient broth yeast (NBY) agar. Colonies on NBY were yellowish white, slightly convex, shiny, and circular with entire margins. Isolates MS102 and MS103, which were chosen for further characterization, were gram negative, lacked arginine dihydrolase, did not produce fluorescent pigment on Pseudomonas F medium, accumulated poly-β-hydroxybutyrate, and grew aerobically. The isolates were able to utilize l-arabinose, d-mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, capric acid, malic acid, adipic acid, and phenylacetic acid, but not d-maltose. These characteristics are the same as those described previously for Burkholderia gladioli (3). Analysis of fatty acid methyl ester profiles (Sherlock version TSBA 4.10; Microbial Identification System, Newark, DE) characterized the isolates as B. gladioli (similarity indices: 0.23 to 0.38) and revealed that they have C16:0 3OH, the most characteristic fatty acid for the genus Burkholderia. Confirmation was made by PCR amplification of the nearly complete16S rRNA gene (1,471 bp; GenBank Accession No. EU053154) using universal primers (forward: 5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG and reverse: 5′-GGCTACCTTGTTACGACTTC). DNA sequence analysis demonstrated that the 16S rRNA gene of the bacterium shared highest identities (99.4 to 99.6%) with that of B. gladioli strains 321gr-6, 223gr-1, and S10 (4). A PCR product (approximately 300 bp) characteristic of B. gladioli also was obtained from both isolates using species-specific primers GLA-f and GLA-r (2). To confirm pathogenicity, cell suspensions (108 CFU/ml in phosphate buffer) of isolates MS102 and MS103 were injected into interior husk leaves of field-grown sweet corn with a 20-gauge needle and syringe (2 ml per ear). Control corn ear husks were injected with phosphate buffer. After 3 days, ear rot symptoms were observed on all plants inoculated with the isolates but not those injected with phosphate buffer. Cell suspension of isolates dropped on nonwounded husks also incited the same symptoms as those inoculated with the syringe. Koch's postulates were fulfilled with reisolation from the inoculated tissues. The identity of the reisolated pathogen was proved by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. This disease was previously reported in Brazil (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. gladioli causing a disease of corn in the United States. Although the impact of this disease was not observed from 2005 to 2006 because of dry weather and rotation to other crops in the affected field, there is a potential that the bacterium could become established in corn-producing areas as a member of the corn ear rot complex if environmental conditions are favorable. Reference: (1) I. M. G. Almeida et al. Arq. Inst. Biol. Sao Paulo 66:141, 1999. (2) N. Furuya et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 68:220, 2002. (3) M. Gillis et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45:274, 1995. (4) R. Nandakumar et al. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 95(suppl.):S73, 2005.

scholarly journals Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. isolated from nodules of Lotus corniculatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximo Sánchez ◽  
Martha-Helena Ramírez-Bahena ◽  
Alvaro Peix ◽  
María J. Lorite ◽  
Juan Sanjuán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Strain S658T was isolated from a Lotus corniculatus nodule in a soil sample obtained in Uruguay. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and atpD gene showed that this strain clustered within the genus Phyllobacterium . The closest related species was, in both cases, Phyllobacterium trifolii PETP02T with 99.8 % sequence similarity in the 16S rRNA gene and 96.1 % in the atpD gene. The 16S rRNA gene contains an insert at the beginning of the sequence that has no similarities with other inserts present in the same gene in described rhizobial species. Ubiquinone Q-10 was the only quinone detected. Strain S658T differed from its closest relatives through its growth in diverse culture conditions and in the assimilation of several carbon sources. It was not able to reproduce nodules in Lotus corniculatus. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, phenotypic tests and fatty acid analyses confirmed that this strain should be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Phyllobacterium , for which the name Phyllobacterium loti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S658T( = LMG 27289T = CECT 8230T).

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Fulminant Pneumonia Caused by Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 8 with the Sequence Analysis of the 16S rRNA Gene

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Kawanami ◽  
Kazuhiro Yatera ◽  
Kazumasa Fukuda ◽  
Kei Yamasaki ◽  
Masamizu Kunimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

scholarly journals The Western Progression of Lyme Disease: Infectious and NonclonalBorrelia burgdorferi Sensu LatoPopulations in Grand Forks County, North Dakota

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandee L. Stone ◽  
Nathan M. Russart ◽  
Robert A. Gaultney ◽  
Angela M. Floden ◽  
Jefferson A. Vaughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Grand Forks ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

ABSTRACTScant attention has been paid to Lyme disease,Borrelia burgdorferi,Ixodes scapularis, or reservoirs in eastern North Dakota despite the fact that it borders high-risk counties in Minnesota. Recent reports ofB. burgdorferiandI. scapularisin North Dakota, however, prompted a more detailed examination. Spirochetes cultured from the hearts of five rodents trapped in Grand Forks County, ND, were identified asB. burgdorferi sensu latothrough sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S rRNA gene-ileTintergenic spacer region,flaB,ospA,ospC, andp66. OspC typing revealed the presence of groups A, B, E, F, L, and I. Two rodents were concurrently carrying multiple OspC types. Multilocus sequence typing suggested the eastern North Dakota strains are most closely related to those found in neighboring regions of the upper Midwest and Canada. BALB/c mice were infected withB. burgdorferiisolate M3 (OspC group B) by needle inoculation or tick bite. Tibiotarsal joints and ear pinnae were culture positive, andB. burgdorferiM3 was detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the tibiotarsal joints, hearts, and ear pinnae of infected mice. Uninfected larvalI. scapularisticks were able to acquireB. burgdorferiM3 from infected mice; M3 was maintained inI. scapularisduring the molt from larva to nymph; and further, M3 was transmitted from infectedI. scapularisnymphs to naive mice, as evidenced by cultures and qPCR analyses. These results demonstrate that isolate M3 is capable of disseminated infection by both artificial and natural routes of infection. This study confirms the presence of unique (nonclonal) and infectiousB. burgdorferipopulations in eastern North Dakota.

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