Phytoseiid mites on grasses in Brazil (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2240 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO C. LOFEGO ◽  
PETERSON R. DEMITE ◽  
RAQUEL G. KISHIMOTO ◽  
GILBERTO J. DE MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species

Surveys were conduced in 16 sites in the State of São Paulo to evaluate the phytoseid mite fauna on some of the most common grass species in that State: Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Brachiaria ruziziensis R. Germ & C.V. Evrard, Melinis minutiflora Beauv., Panicum maximum Jacq. and Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Twenty known species and one new species (Proprioseiopsis biologicus Lofego, Demite & Moraes sp. nov.) were found. Two species are reported for the first time in the American continent: Neoseiulus benjamini Schicha and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) neobakeri Prasad . Seven of the species collected have been reported in Brazil from different crops. The largest number of specimens and of species of phytoseiids was found on M. minutiflora. The results of this study indicate that grasses may play a role in agroecosystems and pasture lands, serving as reservoirs of phytoseiids that prey upon mite pests.

scholarly journals Avaliação de gramíneas forrageiras na região sul de Minas Gerais

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton de Andrade Botrel ◽  
Maurílio José Alvim ◽  
Deise Ferreira Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos na região do sul de Minas Gerais para avaliar o potencial de gramíneas forrageiras. No experimento 1 foram avaliadas as seguintes espécies, consideradas de baixa exigência nutricional: Andropogon gayanus, Kunt; Brachiaria brizantha, Stapf; Brachiaria decumbens, Stapf; Brachiaria ruziziensis, Germain Evrard; Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt e Melinis minutiflora, Beauv. No experimento 2 foram avaliadas as gramíneas consideradas de média e alta exigência nutricional, a saber: Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Moss; Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf; Chloris gayana, Kunt; Cynodon nlemfuensis, Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis; Hyparrhenia rufa, (Ness) Stapf. e as cultivares de Panicum maximum, Jacq.: Tobiatã, Green Panic e Makueni. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os níveis de calagem e de adubação para estabelecimento e manutenção foram diferenciados para os dois experimentos. Cada espécie foi avaliada nos seguintes aspectos: produção de forragem e teor de proteína bruta no período da seca e das chuvas e cobertura vegetal do solo. As gramíneas do experimento 1 que se destacaram na maioria dos aspectos avaliados foram: B. brizantha, B. decumbens, A. gayanus enquanto que no experimento 2 as espécies que apresentaram maior potencial forrageiro foram: S. sphacelata, P. maximum cv. Tobiatã.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and in Vitro Digestibility of Five Heavily Fertilized Tropical Grasses in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
S. Tessema ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
A. Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Samples from five tropical grass species: Guinea (Panicum maximum), Pangola (Digitaria decumbens), Congo (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Merker (Pennisetum purpureum), and Star (Cynodon nlemfuensis), were harvested during nine weeks at ages from 7 to 63 days in southwestern Puerto Rico. The grasses were fertilized at the rate of 4480 kg/ha per year with a 15-5-10 fertilizer. The crude protein content of all grasses exceeded 10 percent up through 28 days of regrowth. Grasses declined in crude protein from a mean of 18.1 percent at 7 days to 5.6 percent at 63 days. A narrower range was observed between grasses from 42 to 63 days. The five tropical grasses possessed high contents of structural carbohydrates, principally cellulose and lignin, which increased with age, except in Pangola grass. Silica did not change uniformly with age in any of the grasses while hemicellulose was characterized by marked fluctuations. Digestibility values were lower at all stages of growth than in temperate forages of similar ages. Cellulose was negatively correlated with in vitro digestibility in all grasses except Pangola. Lignin appeared to be the predominant factor in determining digestibility. The relationship of silica to digestibility varied between species, being positive in some (Guinea and Congo) and negative in others (Star, Pangola, and Merker). The grasses may be ranked as follows with regard to their chemical composition and digestibility: Merker > Congo > Star > Guinea > Pangola. Pangola grass, though lowest in in vitro digestibility, declined least with advancing age, thus maintaining a more constant quality for a longer period of time.

scholarly journals Níveis críticos de fósforo em Brachiaria decunbens (Stapf) Prain, Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt, Digitaria decumbens Stent, Hypharrhenia rufa (Ness) Stapf, Melinis minutiflora Pal de Beauv, Panicum maximum Jacq. e Pennisetum purpureum Schum

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 913-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E.P. Martinez ◽  
H.P. Haag
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽  
O 24

Plantas dos capins braquiaria brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Prain) , quicuio da Amazonia, (Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt), pangola (Digitaria decumbens Stent), jaraguá (Hyphrrhenia rufa (Ness) Stapf), gordura (Melinis minutiflora Pal de Beauv), colonião (Panicum maximum Jacq) e napier (Pennisetwn purpure um Schum) foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva completa contendo, 0,12; 0,48; 1,94; 7,75 e 31,00 mg de fósforo por litro, com o objetivo de determinar os níveis críticos internos e externos de fosforo, e avaliar a eficiência com que absorvem e utilizam o fósforo. Aos setenta e cinco dias as plantas foram coletadas, separadas em caules, folhas, bainhas e raízes. Após secagem a 80ºC, as amostras foram pesadas e analisadas para fósforo na matéria seca. Curvas representativas do peso da matéria seca e da concentração de fósforo na matéria seca em função dos níveis de fosforo da solução nutritiva foram obtidas a partir de dados calculados de equações de regressão. Verificou-se que: - As espécies diferiram quanto à necessidade externa de fósforo, sendo B. humidicola e H. rufa as menos exigentes. Seguiram-se em ordem crescente B. decumbens, M. minutiflora, P. maximum, P. purpureum e D. decumbens. - Os níveis críticos internos de fósforo variaram entre as espécies, sendo maior em D. decumbens (0,38%) que nas demais. Seguiram-se em ordem decrescente B. decumbens (0,32%), B. humidioola (0,26%), M. minutiflora (0,24%), P. maximum (o,24%) e P. purpureum (0,20%). - A eficiência de absorção e utilização, do fósforo foi maior para B. humidicola. Seguiram-se em ordem decrescente P. purpureum, P. maximum, D. decumbens , B. decumbens e M. minutiflora.

scholarly journals Recovery of Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae from three grass species contaminated in the autumn

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Abdallah da Rocha ◽  
Patrizia Ana Bricarello ◽  
Gilberto Pedroso da Rocha ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Experimental Plots

This experiment aimed to assess the recovery of infective larvae (L3) of Trichostrongylus colubriformis from Brachiaria decumbens cv. Australiana, Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast-cross and Panicum maximum cv. Aruana. The experimental module comprised six plots, with two plots per herbage species. Larval survival was assessed from autumn to winter, under the effect of two herbage-paring heights (5 and 30 cm). TThe paring was carried out immediately before contamination with faces containing T. colubriformis eggs. The feces and herbage were collected at one, two, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks after feces had been deposited in the experimental plots. In general, larvae were recovered from both herbage and feces until the 16th week. The longer persistence of these larvae in the environment was probably due to warmer temperatures. The number of L3 recovered from the pasture was not influenced by the height of plants, except for Brachiaria and Aruana herbage in the fourth week. Regarding the concentrations of larvae per kg of dry matter (L3/kg DM), recovery was higher from low pasture in all three herbage species. During the autumn, the development and survival of the T. colubriformis free-living stages were not affected by the different herbage species.

scholarly journals Respon Produksi Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum Purpureum), Benggala (Panicum Maximum) dan Setaria (Setaria Spacelata) terhadap Perbedaan Salinitas

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Diana Sawen ◽  
Merlyn N. Lekitoo ◽  
Martha Kayadoe ◽  
Onesimus Yoku ◽  
M. Djunaedi
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Plot Design

Forage is a ruminant animal basal feed, where sufficient and continuous availability and good quality must be a priority. Place to growth or location, also determine the existence and production of forage including grass species in this study. This study aims to determine how much the production of elephant grass, panicum and cetaria on salinity differences. The study was conducted for 4 months, in Kompleks Perumahan dosen UNIPA Amban in Manokwari West Papua. The study was designed with a split plot design in to Completely Randomize design (CRD) 4x3 with 4 replications. As the main plot is grass species and the subplot is salinity based on growing media. Factor I is grass species (Sp) consisting of: Pennisetum purpureum (Sp1), Panicum maximum (Sp2) and Setaria spacelata (Sp3) and then Factor II is growing media (M) consisting of: soil 100% (M0), soil 70% + 30% of sand (M1), soil 50% + 50% of sand (M2) and soil 30% + 70% of sand (M3). Statistical analysis shows that the effect of salinity is significant (P<0.05) on plant growth variable, namely fresh matter production, dry matter production and stem leaf ratio. Planting media M1 (soil 70% + sand 30%) perform the best result, and species that is responsive to salinity is Panicum maximum (Sp2).

scholarly journals Nutrient characterisation and in vitro digestibility of grass and legume/browse species - based diets for beef cattle in Vanuatu

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Aregheore ◽  
T A Steglar ◽  
J W Ng'ambi
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Some grasses, Buffalo (Panicum Coloratum), Guinea (Panicum maximum), Setaria (Setaria sphacelata), Embu (Panicum maxum), Elephant (Pennisetum Purpureum), Koronivia (Brachiaria humidicola), and Signal (Brachiaria decumben); and legumes/browses Gliricidia sepium, Glycine wightii, Green desmodium and Leucaena leucocephala grazed by beef cattle in Vanuatu were characterized for crude protein (CP), fibre fractions, macro and micro minerals (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc) and energy. Also in vitro digestibility study was carried out to predict the utilization of available nutrients. Data obtained were discussed in light of whether available nutrients would satisfy requirements of grazing beef cattle of different age and physiological function. The CP of grass and legume/browse species ranged from 7.9-17.8% and 10.5-23.9% respectively. L. leucocephala has a higher CP while Green leaf desmodium had the lowest CP content. DM and NDF were higher (P<0.05) in the grasses while CP was higher in the legume/browse species. Organic matter (OM) within and between the grass and legume/browse species varied. Mean concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the grass species was 5.7 g/kg DM and 2.6 g/kg DM, respectively and this resulted in an average Ca:P ratio of 2.2:1 for the grasses while the legume /browse species had Ca:P ratio of 5.3:1. Ca was low while K was high in the grasses compared to the legume/browse species. Among the microminerals Cu was critically low in both the grass and legume/browse species. In vitro DMD, OMD and CPD between and within the grass and legume/browse species were not significantly different (P>0.05) from each other, however NDFD and ADFD were higher (P<0.05) in the grasses than in the legumes/browses. In conclusion, the results of these analyses and the in vitro digestibility study have provided information on nutrients that are adequate and/or inadequate in the grass and legume/browse species components grazed to sustain beef cattle production in Vanuatu. The very low concentration of Cu in both the grass and legume/browse species therefore demonstrates the need to supplement grazing beef cattle with mineral lick blocks to overcome its deficiency.

scholarly journals The Yield, Intake and Animal Production of Four Tropical Grass Species Grown at Ibadan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
F. O. Olubajo ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

The yield, intake and animal production of four grass species namely: Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus, Pennisetum purpureum Schum; Cynodon nlemfuensis var nlemfuensis (Ib8) and Panicum Maximum Jacq., designated as treatments M, N, P, and respectively, were studied over a period of 1,226 days. Each treatment was grazed at three stages of growth - at four, six and eight week intervals. Total dry matter yields for the experimental period ranged from approximately 22 tons for treatment N grazed at intervals of four weeks to 65 tons for treatment Q grazed at eight week intervals. The mean daily dry matter yield varied between approximately 18 kg for treatment N to 53 kg for treatment Q grazed at four and eight week intervals respectively. With the exception of treatment N, dry matter intake by sheep per kg of metabolic size per day decreased with increased maturity and ranged from 43 kg in treatment N to 86 kg in treatment P grazed every four weeks. Treatment means of liveweight increases of grazing White Fulani (Zebu) steers were 392 g, 360 g, 337 g and 226 g per head per day for treatments Q, N,P and M respectively. Though the protein content of the pastures was high enough even in the dry season to maintain the grazing animals, dry matter production and intake were usually very low. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Five Tropical Grasses for Growing Holstein Heifers

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
J. A. Yazman ◽  
J. Velez-Santiago ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilu ◽  
R. E. McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Daily Gain

Two-year grazing trials were conducted at the Corozal Agricultural Experiment Substation to determine the availability of five grass species: Tanner (Brachiaria radicans), Signal (Brachiaria decumbens), Pangola (Digitaria decumbens), Digitaria milanjiana, and Guinea (Panicum maximum), as forage sources for growing Holstein heifers. Species effects were non-significant in average daily gain (ADG) (range .43 to .51 kg). Digitaria milanjiana was best in ADG, but Signal grass was highest in estimated carrying capacity, 5.87 versus 5.2 to 5.7 head/ha/year for the other four grasses. Variations in ADG were large, both within grasses and within months. ADG was approximately 50% lower from December to January because of temperature effects on grass growth. All five grasses were deemed acceptable for heifer growth, but Tanner grass is not recommended because of possible toxicity. Dry matter (DM) content was highest from April to September but crude protein (CP) was lowest in this period. The DM content varied from <20 to >30%, thus showing its influence on intake. In July and August, the three grasses averaged <7% CP, which may have also affected rate of intake. Under normal temperature and rainfall, maximum temperature had a significant (P = .01) positive correlation with DM content (.64 to .87), but a negative correlation with CP content (- .26 to -. 79). However, abnormal rainfall had a marked effect on these relations. Correlations of OM or CP contents in harvested samples with ADG were variable, indicating that these measures are relatively unreliable for predicting rate of gain. Estimated intake of DM as % body weight ranged from 2.9 to 3.1%. On the average, <6% of available pasture grass DM was utilized. Considering costs, such a low rate of use is not economical; hence, the need for further research on management of fertilized tropical grass pastures for most efficient use of available biomass.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition of 10 Tropical Forage Grasses in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-436
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
J. Coward-Lord
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis

Mineral composition—calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K)—in 60 samples of forage grasses representing 10 forages (African Crab, Digitaria swazilandensis; Venezuelan Elephant, Pennisetum setosum; Giant Pangola, Digitaria valida; Pangola, Digitaria decumbens; Signal, Brachiaria brizantha; Buffel, Cenchrus ciliaris; Jaragua, Hyparrhenia rufa; Limpo, Hemarthria altissima; Congo, Brachiaria ruziziensis; and Guinea, Panicum maximum) at 6 growth stages was analyzed statistically by variance, simple correlation, and simple regression analyses. Calcium, P, and Mg contents revealed highly significant differences while K presented significant differences with respect to grass species. Phosphorus, Mg and K contents, but not Ca, presented highly significant differences with respect to plant ages. Values ranged from 0.11 to 0.43 percent for Ca, 0.08 to 0.39 percent for P, 0.15 to 0.46 percent for Mg, and 0.68 to 7.33 percent for K. Calcium to P ratio ranged from 0.89 to 1.38 parts Ca to 1 part P, increasing as forages advanced in age. Phosphorus, Mg, K, and SA, but not Ca, were associated in a highly significant way to age, crude protein, lignin, in vitro true digestibility, and total ash. Phosphorus, K, and soluble ash were associated in a highly significant way to acid-detergent fiber and cellulose; Mg was significantly associated to acid-detergent fiber. It may be concluded that P, Mg, and K, but not Ca, declined with advance in plant age and that apparently the mineral composition of the grasses studied is nutritionally adequate for beef and dairy animals in Puerto Rico. The Ca to P ratios seemed generally adequate; however, they were somewhat low at younger growth stages. Additional mineral supplementation, either free-fed or mixed with the feed, is a routine feeding practice to insure optimum mineral intake.

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