Revision of the polytypic electric fish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei), with descriptions of seven subspecies

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4318 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK M. CRAIG ◽  
WILLIAM G. R. CRAMPTON ◽  
JAMES S. ALBERT
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Vast Range ◽  
Parnaíba Basin

The banded knife fish Gymnotus carapo is among the most widely distributed, broadly adapted (eurytopic), and phenotypically variable fish species in South America, with a geographic range of about 14 million km2, from the Llanos of Venezuela to the Pampas of northern Argentina. Here we assess the structure of phenotypic variation in G. carapo across this vast range from a study of 486 specimens representing the G. carapo clade, including 175 specimens of G. carapo collected from across the continental platform. We use multivariate statistics to quantify phenotypic differences within and among subspecies and species in aspects of pigmentation, caliper-based morphometrics, geometric morphometrics, meristics, and osteology. Our results demonstrate significant, but not diagnostic, differences among specimens representing seven new subspecies: G. c. australis from the La Plata (Paraná-Paraguay) basin, G. c. caatingaensis from the Parnaíba basin in the Brazilian state of Piauí, G. c. carapo from Suriname and French Guiana, G. c. madeirensis from the upper Madeira basin, G. c. occidentalis from the western Amazon, Negro, and Essequibo basins, G. c. orientalis from the eastern Amazon, Tocantins and Trombetas basins, and G. c. septentrionalis from the Orinoco basin and Trinidad Island. These results support the use of the subspecies, but not the species, rank to recognize and name these regionally delimited taxonomic entities.  

scholarly journals First Assessment of the Benthic Meiofauna Sensitivity to Low Human-Impacted Mangroves in French Guiana

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Claire Michelet ◽  
Daniela Zeppilli ◽  
Cédric Hubas ◽  
Elisa Baldrighi ◽  
Philippe Cuny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Organic Enrichment ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
De Man ◽  
Main City

Bioindicators assess the mangroves ecological state according to the types of pressures but they differ with the ecosystem’s specificities. We investigated benthic meiofauna diversity and structure within the low human-impacted mangroves in French Guiana (South America) in response to sediment variables with various distances to the main city. Contaminant’s concentrations differed among the stations, but they remained below toxicity guidelines. Meiofauna structure (Foraminifera, Kinorhyncha, Nematoda) however varied accordingly. Nematode’s identification brought details on the sediment’s quality. The opportunistic genus Paraethmolaimus (Jensen, 1994) strongly correlated to the higher concentrations of Hg, Pb. Anoxic sediments were marked by organic enrichment in pesticides, PCB, and mangrove litter products and dominance of two tolerant genus, Terschellingia (de Man, 1888) and Spirinia (Gerlach, 1963). In each of these two stations, we found many Desmodora individuals (de Man, 1889) with the presence of epibionts highlighting the nematodes decreased fitness and defenses. Oxic sediments without contaminants were distinguished by the sensitive genera Pseudocella (Filipjev, 1927) and a higher diversity of trophic groups. Our results suggested a nematodes sensitivity to low contaminants concentrations. Further investigations at different spatio-temporal scales and levels of deterioration, would be necessary to use of this group as bioindicator of the mangroves’ ecological status.

scholarly journals Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Epelboin ◽  
Carole Eldin ◽  
Pauline Thill ◽  
Vincent Pommier de Santi ◽  
Philippe Abboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Strain ◽  
Amazonian Region

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we report on the state of knowledge about human Q fever in Brazil and on the Guiana Shield, an Amazonian region located in northeastern South America. There is a contrast between French Guiana, where the incidence of this disease is the highest in the world, and other countries where this disease is practically non-existent. Recent Findings Recent findings are essentially in French Guiana where a unique strain MST17 has been identified; it is probably more virulent than those usually found with a particularly marked pulmonary tropism, a mysterious animal reservoir, a geographical distribution that raises questions. Summary Q fever is a bacterial zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii that has been reported worldwide. On the Guiana Shield, a region mostly covered by Amazonian forest, which encompasses the Venezuelan State of Bolivar, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the Brazilian State of Amapá, the situation is very heterogeneous. While French Guiana is the region reporting the highest incidence of this disease in the world, with a single infecting clone (MST 117) and a unique epidemiological cycle, it has hardly ever been reported in other countries in the region. This absence of cases raises many questions and is probably due to massive under-diagnosis. Studies should estimate comprehensively the true burden of this disease in the region.

Selective extinction of late Neogene bivalves on the temperate Pacific coast of South America

Paleobiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo M. Rivadeneira ◽  
Pablo A. Marquet
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
South America ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Life Habit ◽  
Late Neogene ◽  
Probability Of Extinction ◽  
Phylogenetic Effects ◽  
Selective Extinction

AbstractWe assessed selective extinction patterns in bivalves during a late Neogene mass extinction event observed along the temperate Pacific coast of South America. The analysis of 99 late Neogene and Quaternary fossil sites (recorded from 7°S to 55°S), yielding ∼2800 occurrences and 118 species, revealed an abrupt decline in Lyellian percentages during the late Neogene–Pleistocene, suggesting the existence of a mass extinction that decimated ∼66% of the original assemblage. Using the late Neogene data set (n = 59 species, 1346 occurrences), we tested whether the extinction was nonrandom according to taxonomic structure, life habit, geographic range, and body size. Our results showed that the number of higher taxa that went extinct was not different than expected by random. At first sight, extinction was selective only according to life habit and geographic range. Nevertheless, when phylogenetic effects were accounted for, body size also showed significant selectivity. In general, epifaunal, small-sized (after phylogenetic correction), and short-ranged species tended to have increased probability of extinction. This is verified by strong interactions between the variables herein analyzed, suggesting the existence of nonlinear effects on extinction chances. In the heavily decimated epifaunal forms, survival was not enhanced by widespread ranges or larger body sizes. Conversely, the widespread and large-sized infaunal forms tended to have lower probability of extinction. Overall, the ultimate extinction of late Neogene bivalve species along the Pacific coast of South America seems to have been determined by a complex interplay of ecological and historical (phylogenetic) effects.

scholarly journals A study of phenotypic variation ofStaphylococcus epidermidisusing Congo red agar

1992 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Deighton ◽  
J. Capstick ◽  
R. Borland
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Colonial Morphology

SUMMARYThis study examines a series of phenotypic variants ofStaphylococcus epidermidisthat were generated from a pair of parent variants, isolated from valvular tissue of a patient with prosthetic valve endocarditis. The variants were initially classified by examining their colonial morphology on Congo red agar. In addition to differences in Congo red binding and colonial morphology, they differed in the expression of several surface components and enzymes. Despite these phenotypic differences, all variants had the same restriction endonuclease profile of plasmid DNA. Examination of a collection of clinical isolates demonstrated that phenotypic variation is a common property ofS. epidermidis. The ability to express different combinations of surface components and enzymes could contribute to the virulence ofS. epidermidisstrains by enabling these organisms to colonize a range of diverse environments.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum. [Distribution map].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum (Cobb) Dye. Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ghana, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, South Africa (Natal), Swaziland, Zimbabwe, ASIA, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, New Guinea, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (Tucuman), Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana.

Mycena citricolor. [Distribution map].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycena citricolor (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. Hosts: Coffee (Coffea spp.) and others. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, USA (Florida), CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martiniq, caragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French, Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.

Typophorus nigritus. [Distribution map].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Typophorus nigritus (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae. Attacks sweet-potato. Information is given on the geographical distribution in CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN, Costa Rica, Cuba, Grenada, Grenadine Islands, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, St. Vincent, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Equador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Diaprepes abbreviatus. [Distribution map].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Diaprepes Abbreviatus ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Col., Curculionidae) (Citrus Weevil). Host Plants: Citrus, cassava, maize, sugar cane. Information is given on the geographical distribution in NORTH AMERICA, USA, WEST INDIES, SOUTH AMERICA, French Guiana.

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