scholarly journals Geographic variation in quantitative skull traits and systematic of southern populations of the leaf-eared mice of the Phyllotis xanthopygus complex (Cricetidae, Phyllotini) in southern South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4446 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
PABLO TETA ◽  
J. PABLO JAYAT ◽  
CECILIA LANZONE ◽  
AGUSTINA OJEDA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
North Central ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
The North ◽  
West Central ◽  
Neotropical Rodents

The leaf-eared mice of the genus Phyllotis (Cricetidae, Phyllotini) encompasses at least 20 species of medium-sized Neotropical rodents mostly distributed throughout the Andean region. Its limits and contents were reviewed by several authors, based both on morphological and molecular data. However, no integrative approaches were conducted based on large samples of individuals with a wide geographical coverage. The purposes of this paper are: (i) to evaluate species limits; and (ii) to test the congruence between molecular and quantitative morphological evidences within the Phyllotis xanthopygus complex in southern South America. Our results questioned the specific status of P. bonariensis, a geographically isolated form that was either considered as a valid species or as a synonym of P. xanthopygus. Quantitative morphological (size and shape of the skull) and molecular data linked P. bonariensis with populations from central Argentina traditionally referred as P. xanthopygus vaccarum. Individuals belonging to populations from southern Argentina and Chile (P. x. xanthopygus) were remarkably homogeneous in their skull morphology, showing a subtle to non-existent differentiation from those of north-central and west-central Argentina referred to P. x. vaccarum. We found some incongruence between groups inferred from morphological (this work) and mitochondrial DNA results of previous studies. This is the case of the north-central and west-central populations, where morphological traits do not show the strong differentiation detected by molecular characters. Our results highlight the need for integrative taxonomic studies, not only to delimitate taxonomic units but also for a better and more comprehensive understanding of population variability and differentiation. 

Reassessment of a fossil specimen of Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anura: Bufonidae), from Early Pleistocene of Bolivia

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4830 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
LUCAS A. BARCELOS ◽  
VANESSA K. VERDADE
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
North Central ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central

Bufonidae is a cosmopolite and speciose clade that is currently hypothesized to have originated in Gondwana around 78–99 Ma (Pramuk et al. 2008). The systematics of the family was assessed using morphological and molecular data, alone or in a total evidence analysis (Pramuk 2006; Pramuk et al. 2008; Bocxlaer et al. 2010; Pyron & Wiens 2011). Due to taxonomic changes, most of the South American species of Bufo Garsault were relocated to the genus Rhinella Fitzinger, currently the second most speciose genus with 92 scientifically named and valid species (Frost 2020). The species in the genus are arranged in six taxonomic groups (crucifer, granulosa, margaritifera, marina, spinulosa, veraguensis species groups [Frost 2020]); the Rhinella marina group is characterized by specimens with well-ossified and exostosed skull, ornamented with deep striations, pits, and rugosities (Maciel et al. 2010). The Rhinella marina group includes eleven living species, distributed in two main clades named after their geographical distribution: the north-central clade and south-central clade. The south-central clade bears the species: R. achavali (Maneyro, Arrieta & de Sá), R. arenarum (Hensel), R. icterica (Spix), and R. rubescens (Lutz). The north-central clade bears the species: R. cerradensis Maciel, Brandão, Campos & Sebben, R. horribilis (Wiegmann), R. jimi (Stevaux), R. marina (Linnaeus), R. poeppigii (Tschudi), R. schneideri (Werner), and R. veredas (Brandão, Maciel & Sebben). 

Taxonomy of Ctenomys (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina: the occurrence of the “mendocinus” lineage

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro N. Tammone ◽  
Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Subterranean Rodents ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Desert Shrub ◽  
Northern Patagonia ◽  
Northern Portion

Abstract Subterranean rodents Ctenomys are iconic representatives of the mammalian fauna from southern South America. Based on molecular data, eight lineages have been identified within the genus, although species-level identifications and relationships are still debated. Until now, the “magellanicus” clade has been the only lineage mentioned from arid, extra-Andean portions of Patagonia. Here, we report the presence of a Ctenomys population from northern Patagonia that is unambiguously associated with the Central Argentinean “mendocinus” lineage. Most of the 160,000 km2 comprising the northern portion of Patagonia – an area consisting primarily of Monte Desert shrub-land – are inhabited by Ctenomys populations of unknown taxonomy.

Description of Almafuerte, a new genus of ground spiders from South America (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4338 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN J. GRISMADO ◽  
NICOLÁS LÓPEZ CARRIÓN
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
First Time

A new genus of gnaphosid spiders, Almafuerte, gen. nov., is described for seven species from Southern South America. The new genus is diagnosed by a conspicuous retrolateral tegular projection on the male palp, and by having three teeth on the cheliceral retromargin. It comprises six species from Argentina, A. peripampasica sp. nov. (type species), from Central Argentina, also present in Uruguay, A. kuru sp. nov., from Santiago del Estero, A. vigorosa sp. nov., from Corrientes, A. goloboffi sp. nov., from Salta and Jujuy, A. remota sp. nov., from Santiago del Estero and Mendoza, and A. giaii (Gerschman & Schiapelli) comb. nov., here transferred from Echemus, from Santa Fe (the female is here described by the first time); and one species from Bolivia, A. facon sp. nov., from Cochabamba. Hypotheses of relationships of the new taxa are briefly discussed, in the context of the previously proposed groupings: the subfamilies Echeminae and Drassodinae (sensu Platnick 1990) and the “Echemus group” (sensu Murphy 2007). 

Taxonomy of the Sylvilagus brasiliensis complex in Central and South America (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Ruedas ◽  
Sofia Marques Silva ◽  
Johnnie H French ◽  
Roy Nelson Platt ◽  
Jorge Salazar-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Taxonomic Framework

Abstract A taxonomic framework for South American cottontail rabbits (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) was recently published by Diersing and Wilson (2017). Although we agree with some of its taxonomic conclusions (e.g., species status for S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens), we disagree with others. We provide herein evidence supporting S. andinus as a valid species based on morphological characters and novel molecular data. We also provide details of the morphological characters of S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens that support separating these from S. brasiliensis. We adduce data suggestive to the effect that—absent any type material—S. defilippi is at best a nomen dubium. Finally, we provide evidence in support of recognizing additional Neotropical species of Sylvilagus. Un esquema taxonómico para los conejos sudamericanos (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) fue recientemente publicado por Diersing y Wilson (2017). Aunque estamos de acuerdo con algunas de sus conclusiones (por ejemplo: estatus de especie válida para S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens), no estamos de acuerdo con las restantes conclusiones taxonómicas. Aportamos aquí pruebas convincentes sobre la característica naturaleza de los caracteres morfológicos y moleculares de S. andinus, pruebas que esgrimimos en apoyo de la hipótesis que esta última es una especie válida, así confirmando su escisión de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos detalles de los caracteres morfológicos de S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens que confirman la decisión taxonómica de asimismo separarlos de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos datos en aditamento que indican que a falta de cualquier material tipo para S. defilippi, este nombre es en el mejor de los casos un nomen dubium. Finalmente, ofrecemos datos y evidencia apoyando nuestras decisiones de reconocer un mayor número de especies Neotropicales de Sylvilagus que previamente se conocían.

A review of the Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of southern South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1458 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW B.T. SMITH ◽  
PAUL E. SKELLEY
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Study Material ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship

The 27 Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) species that occur in southern South America are reviewed. This study region consists of the southern parts of Argentina and Chile including the Central Chilean, Patagonian, and Subantarctic biogeographical provinces. Keys, illustrations, and distributional records with maps for all species are presented. Seventeen species are native to southern South America, nine species are introduced, and the status of one species could not be determined due to a lack of study material. Nine of the 17 native species are endemic to southern South America, and the relationship between these endemic species and similar Australian groups is discussed. A number of classification and nomenclatural changes are made. Paranimbus Schmidt and Pseudopodotenus Dellacasa are considered to subgenera of Podotenus Schmidt. As a result, the following new combinations are created: Podotenus (Paranimbus) longitarsis (Harold), Podotenus (Paranimbus) penai (Petrovitz), Podotenus (Paranimbus) peruanus (Erichson), Podotenus (Paran- imbus) zoiai (Dellacasa), and Podotenus (Pseudopodotenus) fulviventris (Fairmaire and Germain). Ataenius chilensis (Solier) is removed from synonymy with Ataenius gracilis (Melsheimer) and is considered a valid species. Ataenius modestus Schmidt is synonymized under Ataenius chilensis (Solier). Psammobius indefensus Schmidt is transferred to the genus Leiopsammodius and Leiopsammodius chilensis Rakovic is placed in synonymy with this name. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Aphodius chilensis Solier (now Ataenius chilensis), Aphodius reflexus Schmidt (now Orodaliscoides reflexus), Ataenius modestus (now a synonym of Ataenius chilensis), and Psammobius indefensus Schmidt (now Leiopsammodius indefensus). A neotype is designated for Aphodius angustus Philippi and Philippi, a synonym of Pleurophorus caesus (Panzer). Records considered to be erroneous for several Aphodiinae species in southern South America are also discussed.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and phylogenetic review of Necrosuchus ionensis (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) and the early evolution and radiation of caimanines

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanne M Cidade ◽  
Daniel Fortier ◽  
Annie S Hsiou
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
North American ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Salamanca Formation

Abstract Alligatoroidea is the most species-rich crocodylomorph clade of the Cenozoic of South America, with nearly all species belonging to the Caimaninae clade. However, the earliest records of Caimaninae in South America, which are from the Palaeocene, are based mostly on incomplete specimens, which increases the importance of detailed taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on these taxa. This paper offers a taxonomic and phylogenetic review of Necrosuchus ionensis, a caimanine species from the Salamanca Formation of the Palaeocene of Argentina. Necrosuchus ionensis is considered a valid species, albeit with a different diagnosis from that proposed by previous authors. The phylogenetic analysis shows, for the first time, that N. ionensis belongs to the derived Caimaninae clade Jacarea. However, a better understanding of the Jacarea clade is needed, and alternative placements for N. ionensis might be considered. Nevertheless, the placement of N. ionensis as a derived caimanine raises interesting perspectives on the early evolution and radiation of caimanines, which are thoroughly discussed in this paper together with other results obtained in this study, such as the recovery of the North American caimanines Bottosaurus and Tsoabichi as a clade.

scholarly journals New molecular data on subcutaneous Philornis (Diptera: Muscidae) from southern South America suggests the existence of a species complex

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1383-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín A. Quiroga ◽  
Lucas D. Monje ◽  
Juan P. Arrabal ◽  
Pablo M. Beldomenico
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Southern South America

scholarly journals Comparative Osteology, Phylogeny and Classification of the Eastern South American Catfish Genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Taxonomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-191
Author(s):  
Wilson J. E. M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Character State ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Osteological Characters

Trichomycterus has been considered for a long time to be the most problematic genus of the diverse neotropical subfamily Trichomycterinae. Recently, Trichomycterus was restricted to a clade from eastern South America supported by molecular data, but no unique morphological character state was found to distinguish it, making it difficult to allocate new species based on morphology alone. The objectives of this study were to conduct an osteological comparative analysis comprising a large sample of valid species of Trichomycterus, to conduct a total evidence phylogenetic analysis, combining osteological characters and a multigene database, and to propose an intrageneric classification based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Fifty-two osteological characters were combined with a multigene molecular data set of 2974 bp for 44 species of Trichomycterus, and 21 outgroups generated a well-supported phylogenetic tree, making it possible to delimit and diagnose intrageneric lineages, of which six subgenera are recognized. The high morphological diversity of osteological structures herein first reported for Trichomycterus from eastern South America is possibly related to some ecological specializations. This study shows that osteological characters combined with molecular data may be useful to consistently delimit and distinguish between trichomycterines, shedding light on the still persistent problems in trichomycterine systematics.

scholarly journals First report of Devonian bactritids (Cephalopoda) from South America: paleobiogeographic and biostratigraphic implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Cichowolski ◽  
Juan J. Rustán
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
First Report ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
West Central ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
First Time

AbstractDevonian bactritids are described for the first time from South America. They come from siliciclastic rocks of the Talacasto Formation in the Precordillera Basin, west-central Argentina. The host strata span the Lochkovian–Emsian and contain other non-ammonoid cephalopods as well, thus refuting the alleged virtual absence of cephalopods in circumpolar Devonian basins from southwestern Gondwana (the Malvinokaffric Realm). We reportBactrites gracilisandDevonobactrites? sp., whose wide distribution contrasts with the endemic paleobiogeographic signature of some other taxonomic groups in these basins. Furthermore, new Lochkovian and Pragian records ofBactritessp. provide new insights into the earliest bactritid records worldwide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document