Re-description of Azygokeras columbiae Koeller & Littlepage, 1976 (Calanoida: Aetideidae) and musculature of the male grasping antennule

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4565 (3) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
JANET M. BRADFORD-GRIEVE ◽  
GEOFFREY A. BOXSHALL

Azygokeras columbiae from Bute Inlet, British Columbia, Canada, is re-described, correcting some details and adding information not available in the original description. Azygokeras columbiae is unique amongst male Aetideidae in having the right antennule modified for grasping but without a true knee joint (geniculation) between segments XX and XXI nor a hiatus in the musculature at this joint, typical of taxa with a geniculate male antennule. Male Azygokeras have wide pivot points and arthrodial membranes between segments XXI and XXII, XXIII and XXIV and XXV and XXVI that allow greater movement in several planes than in homologous segments of Euaugaptilus and Heterorhabdus. Modifications of the terminal antennular joints allow for extensive movement in several planes associated with a series of short muscles in segments XIX to XXVI. These muscles become progressively more massive from proximal to distal on the antennule and are paired with an antagonistic muscle also increasing in mass distally. 

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Garth Davies ◽  
Madison Reid

Many existing programs for countering violent extremism focus on either end of the radicalization spectrum. On one hand are prevention programs aimed at deterring individuals from starting down the path to violent extremism. On the other hand are disengagement/de-radicalization programs designed for assisting individuals who have been fully radicalized. Conspicuously absent are programs for those who fall in-between, into what might be referred to as the pre-criminal space: individuals who have begun to exhibit signs of radicalization, but for whom radicalization is not yet complete. The British Columbia Shift (BC Shift) initiative was created to assist individuals determined to be in this pre-criminal space; that is, those deemed to be in danger of radicalizing. The goal of BC Shift is to stop individuals from traveling further down the path of radicalization, and, ideally, to turn individuals away from the path. BC Shift operates as a navigational model, connecting at-risk individuals with services and supports in the community. BC Shift is a government initiative supported by the Canada Centre for Community Engagement and Prevention of Violence. It is a civilian organization that partners very closely with, but is separate from, law enforcement. In addition to its primary CRVE mandate, BC Shift has rapidly evolved and expanded into several other responsibilities, including coordination on national CVE standards; liaising with other CVE programs across Canada; maintaining stakeholder relationships; and helping create capacity through dialog and training. Although the program only began accepting referrals in 2019, its operation has already revealed many important lessons for CRVE programs. First, it is critically important to have the right people in the room. There has to be buy-in from the highest levels of partner agencies and stakeholders, particularly early on. Second, programs of this sort should leverage existing resources wherever possible. BC Shift has been lucky enough to coordinate with situation tables, such as the CHART program in Surrey. There are already many organizations doing excellent work in their respective communities; it is very helpful to plug into those resources. Third, even though BC Shift operates as a navigational hub, it has benefitted greatly from having a social worker as part of the team. This skill set is important in helping referred individuals feel comfortable with the process of accessing services and supports. Finally, marketing matters! CRVE programs such as BC Shift have to navigate a complex reality. The very concept of violent extremism is disconcerting to a lot of people in the community; these fears have to be addressed, and difficulties related to differences in perspective and language have to be overcome. BC Shift’s first year-and-a-half of operation has also highlighted several issues that have not yet been satisfactorily resolved. There is, for example, the “low hanging fruit” problem; agencies are typically referring less severe cases. Trying to get agencies to refer more serious cases has proved challenging. We hope that, by outlining these lessons and issues, this presentation proves to be useful to other CRVE initiatives.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Ishihara ◽  
Alia M. Obeidat ◽  
David L. Wokosin ◽  
Dongjun Ren ◽  
Richard J. Miller ◽  
...  

Abstract Background C–C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) signaling plays a key role in pain associated with experimental murine osteoarthritis (OA) after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Here, we aimed to assess if CCR2 expressed by intra-articular sensory neurons contributes to knee hyperalgesia in the early stages of the model. Methods DMM surgery was performed in the right knee of 10-week-old male wild-type (WT), Ccr2 null, or Ccr2RFP C57BL/6 mice. Knee hyperalgesia was measured using a Pressure Application Measurement device. CCR2 receptor antagonist (CCR2RA) was injected systemically (i.p.) or intra-articularly (i.a.) at different times after DMM to test its ability to reverse knee hyperalgesia. In vivo Ca2+ imaging of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was performed to assess sensory neuron responses to CCL2 injected into the knee joint cavity. CCL2 protein in the knee was measured by ELISA. Ccr2RFP mice and immunohistochemical staining for the pan-neuronal marker, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), or the sensory neuron marker, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), were used to visualize the location of CCR2 on intra-articular afferents. Results WT, but not Ccr2 null, mice displayed knee hyperalgesia 2–16 weeks after DMM. CCR2RA administered i.p. alleviated established hyperalgesia in WT mice 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Intra-articular injection of CCL2 excited sensory neurons in the L4-DRG, as determined by in vivo calcium imaging; responses to CCL2 increased in mice 20 weeks after DMM. CCL2, but not vehicle, injected i.a. rapidly caused transient knee hyperalgesia in naïve WT, but not Ccr2 null, mice. Intra-articular CCR2RA injection also alleviated established hyperalgesia in WT mice 4 and 7 weeks after surgery. CCL2 protein was elevated in the knees of both WT and Ccr2 null mice 4 weeks after surgery. Co-expression of CCR2 and PGP9.5 as well as CCR2 and CGRP was observed in the lateral synovium of naïve mice; co-expression was also observed in the medial compartment of knees 8 weeks after DMM. Conclusions The findings suggest that CCL2-CCR2 signaling locally in the joint contributes to knee hyperalgesia in experimental OA, and it is in part mediated through direct stimulation of CCR2 expressed by intra-articular sensory afferents.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Maeckelberghe

Abstract Andrew Jameton in 1984 coined the concept of moral distress as: “knowing what to do in an ethical situation, but not being allowed to do it” This original description presupposes that the right moral act can be identified and precludes situations of doubt and uncertainty. The 1984 definition emphasizes barriers that make it impossible for someone to do what they ought to do. Whereas Jameton in a revision in 2013 of his original concept emphasized reduction of the psychological dimensions, Peter& Liaschenko stress the element of moral agency. Moral distress then is a threat to the moral integrity of the professional. This requires three-step ananlysis: first, what is the moral question?; two, what are morally adeguate answers to this question?; three, what ethically appropriate actions are under pressure in the given situation? This will be illustrated with examples from the COVID-19 pandemic.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Tavip Indrayana ◽  
Warijan Warijan ◽  
Joni Siswanto

ABSTRACTBackground : Joint flexibility decreases in old age due to a degenerative process resulting in changes in joints, connective tissue and cartilage in the elderly. Decreasing flexibility is also due to reduced elasticity of muscle fibers, where connective tissue in muscle fibers increases (Mariyam, 2008).Objective : The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of active exercise (ROM) on the lower extremities on increasing the flexibility of the knee joint in the elderlyMethods : This study using a quasi-experimental approach with One group pre-test and post-test design. The sampling technique uses the Slovin method of 42 people, obtained a sample of 25 elderly. Exercise is done twice a day for 8 days. Measurements were made on day 1, day 4 and day 8 of the study using a Goniometer measuring instrument..Result : The results of measurement I average of the right knee joint 117.52o, measurement II = 122.24, measurement III = 126, 36o. From the analysis with Paired simple t-Test between the measurements I and II, it was found that the different test measurements I and II t count value was equal to -1.908 with 0.068. Because sig 0.05, it can be concluded that Ho is accepted, meaning that the average angle of ROM before and after training is the same (not different). In the different test measurements II and III the value of t count is equal to -2.152 with sig 0.042.Conclusion : Because sig 0.05, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a difference in ROM angle after training between days 4 to 8 with the first day to day 4. Thus it can be stated that active ROM exercises affect the angle of ROM of the knee joint elderly after exercise ROM between day 4 to day 8. Keywords: active ROM exercise, flexibility of knee joint, elderly.


2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Sathidevi VK ◽  
Rahul UR ◽  
Arun K Aipe

AbstractThe authors report a case of popliteal cyst which was detected during the routine dissection of a cadaver in Anatomy Department, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala. The cyst was identified in the right popliteal fossa in a female cadaver arising from the interior of knee joint. It measured 6 cm in length and 3 cm in width. Thick synovial membrane was forming the cyst wall. On deep dissection it was found communicating directly with the synovial lining of knee joint.


Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3475 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTINA P. LIMA ◽  
LUCIANA K. ERDTMANN ◽  
ADOLFO AMÉZQUITA

Allobates crombiei was described by Morales, “2000” [2002] based on specimens collected by Ronald I. Crombie from Cachoeira do Espelho, on the right bank of the Xingu River, Pará State, Brazil. The original description was short and did not include the call or colour in life. Rodrigues & Caramaschi (2004) suggested that the taxonomic status of this species need be clarified. We are confident that the species collected and recorded by us is Allobates crombiei (Morales) “2000” [2002] because this is the only species of Allobates found calling in forest near Cachoeira do Espelho, and the character diagnosis in preserved specimens is similar, except that, based on preserved specimens, Morales (2002) considered the ventrolateral and the oblique lateral stripes to be absent. This may be because they are imperceptible in preserved specimens. However, unlike recent authors, Morales (2002) also considered the oblique lateral stripe to be absent in Allobates brunneus, Allobates gasconi and Allobates ornatus, in which he illustrated diffuse spots.


Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisiński ◽  
Wareńczak ◽  
Hejdysz ◽  
Sip ◽  
Gośliński ◽  
...  

Because medical professionals lack the means to monitor exercises performed by patients in their home environment directly, there is a strong case for introducing technological solutions into this domain. They include methods that use wireless inertial sensors, which emit signals recorded and processed by special applications that work with mobile devices. This paper’s aim is (a) to evaluate whether such sensors are suitable for qualitative and quantitative motion analysis, and (b) to determine the repeatability of results over a few recordings. Knee joint activity was analysed using a system of inertial sensors connected through a Wi-Fi network to mobile devices. The tested individuals did eight different activities, all of which engaged the knee joint. Each excercise was repeated three times. Study results did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the three measurements for most of the studied parameters. Furthermore, in almost every case, there were no statistically significant differences between the results of the right and left lower limb (p > 0.05). This study shows that easy use and repeatability of results combined with the feature of quantitative and qualitative analysis make the examined method useful for functional evaluations of the knee joint.


eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Roselló-Díez ◽  
Daniel Stephen ◽  
Alexandra L Joyner

Regulation of organ growth is a poorly understood process. In the long bones, the growth plates (GPs) drive elongation by generating a scaffold progressively replaced by bone. Although studies have focused on intrinsic GP regulation, classic and recent experiments suggest that local signals also modulate GP function. We devised a genetic mouse model to study extrinsic long bone growth modulation, in which injury is specifically induced in the left hindlimb, such that the right hindlimb serves as an internal control. Remarkably, when only mesenchyme cells surrounding postnatal GPs were killed, left bone growth was nevertheless reduced. GP signaling was impaired by altered paracrine signals from the knee joint, including activation of the injury response and, in neonates, dampened IGF1 production. Importantly, only the combined prevention of both responses rescued neonatal growth. Thus, we identified signals from the knee joint that modulate bone growth and could underlie establishment of body proportions.


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