First description of the male of Cretaconiopteryx grandis Liu & Lu, 2017 (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae) from the Cretaceous Burmese amber

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4674 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONGYU LI ◽  
BO WANG ◽  
XINGYUE LIU
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
First Time

The male of Cretaconiopteryx grandis Liu & Lu, 2017, which is the only representative species of the extinct dustywing subfamily Cretaconiopteryginae, is described for the first time from the Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber. The male genitalia, well preserved in the examined specimen, show a number of plesiomorphic characters, which support the sister group relationship between Coniopterygidae and the rest of extant lacewing families. 

The male genitalia of Agathiphaga (Lepidoptera: Agathiphagidae) and the lepidopteran ground plan

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels P. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Genital Structure ◽  
Segment Viii

AbstractThe genital segments and internal genitalia of Agathiphaga vitiensis are described. Sternum VIII is anteriorly produced into blunt paired apophyses and posteriorly into a tongue-shaped lobe. Segment IX is a complete ring, very short in the dorsal and ventral midlines; its anterolateral lobes are largely apodemal. The long and curved gonopod ("valva") consists of a single piece. There is no median sclerite between the gonopod bases, but an open, softwalled "subgenital crypt" below the entrance of the phallocrypt may be homologous with the "median plate" in other primitive homoneurous moths. Tergum X bears a pair of broad "superior lobes" and the postgenital complex terminates in a medially intended, sclerotized "terminal lobe" above the eversible perianal area. The roof of the posterior part of the genital chamber bears a median aggregation of cuticular spines (the "spiny plate"), and a pair of smooth lateral sclerotizations ("presocii") tentatively attributed to venter X: a pair of setose sclerites (socii) are tentatively attributed to the paraprocts. The area bearing the spiny plate and presocii may in repose be folded down behind the phallus, thereby closing the phallocrypt. The phallus comprises a tubular phallotheca and an eversible aedeagus; the thick basal margen of the phallotheca is posteriorly expanded and forms the floor of the greater part of the phallocrypt; there is no ventral aedeagal branch. The musculature comprises two IX/X muscles, a segment IX muscle inserting on the subgenital crypt, phallic pro- and retractors (the former originating in the gonopod), intrinsic phallic muscles, a single segment IX muscle (adductor) to the gonopod and five intrinsic muscles of the postgenital complex. Each testis comprises four large, separate follicles. The spermatozoa do not remain grouped in discrete bundles in the vas deferens. Seminal vesicles are located on the vasa deferentia close to the testis and are doubtfully homologous with the vesicles in other Lepidoptera. The unpaired ejaculatory duct is very short. The evidence bearing on a reconstruction of the ground plan of the lepidopteran male genitalia is reviewed. Segment VIII was similar to the preceding segments. It is tentatively suggested that tergum and sternum IX were fused, that the gonopod was undivided and that a tubular, partly sclerotized aedeagus was present; deviations from these states within the order are therefore considered to be autapomorphic. The base of the aedeagus was probably surrounded by a short, collarlike phallotheca. It is suggested that there was a median sclerite between the gonopod bases, but the presence of discrete, paired and muscular "valvellae" in the lepidopteran ground plan is considered doubtful. It is further suggested that dorsum X bore a pair of lobes and that there were paired sclerotizations in venter X. The X/XI boundary is very difficult to trace. Seventeen muscle sets are ascribed to the lepidopteran ground plan; it is considered an autapomorphy of this ground plan that the phallic protractor originates within the gonopod. The testes presumably had large, separate follicles and there may have been two pairs of tubular accessory glands. The testes and the double set of accessory glands of Agathiphaga could be cited in support of a sistergroup relationship to all other Lepidoptera whereas the phallic structure (and possibly the "spiny plate") might support a sister group relationship to the Heterobathmiina. There is no support in male genital structure for a sistergroup relationship to the Heterobathmiina + Glossata; the latter phylogenetic hypothesis may be preferable on other grounds, however.

The phylogenetic relationships of the two-winged South American Leptophlebiidae genera revisited with first description of the male imago of Bessierus Thomas & Orth (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4674 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
EDUARDO DOMÍNGUEZ ◽  
MARÍA GABRIELA CUEZZO ◽  
SIMÓN CLAVIER
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
South American ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
The Stability ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

Four of the 43 genera of South American Leptophlebiidae are dipterous. A previous phylogenetic hypothesis supported that clade Askola+Hagenulopsis, and that Bessierus+Perissophlebiodes, are sister groups of the Farrodes complex. Adults of Bessierus and Perissophlebiodes were not known but posteriorly Perissophlebiodes male imago was described. Here, we describe the male imago of Bessierus for the first time. Both genera share, besides the absence of the hind wings, the asymmetrical fork of MA, symmetrical fork of MP, dissimilar tarsal claws, and forceps sockets fused. Along with the description of the imago, a new diagnosis for the genus Bessierus is presented, also updating the identification key with this new information. A new cladistics analysis is performed to test the stability of the proposed relationships of these four genera within Leptophlebiidae. We obtained a single cladistic hypothesis where the addition of Bessierus adult characters resulted in new synapomorphies for the (Bessierus, Perissophlebiodes) clade, and improved its clade statistical support. The fused forceps sockets resulted in a synapomorphy uniting Bessierus, Perissophlebiodes and Simothraulopsis. As a result of this new analysis, the hypothesis of independent losses of the hind wings in the two dipterous groups studied is supported. The Farrodes lineage is not supported as proposed in previous studies, being restricted only to (Farrodes (Simothraulopsis, Homothraulus)) while the identity of “Perissophlebiodes lineage” is supported. The sister group relationship of Rondophlebia is not clearly defined. 

Revision of the West Palaearctic species of the genus Pales Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERFILIPPO CERRETTI
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
The West ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time

A taxonomic revision of the West Palaearctic species of the genus Pales Robineau-Desvoidy is presented and the identity of the genus is defined and discussed. Pales abdita sp. nov. from some localities in the Mediterranean region and Pales marae sp. nov. from Sardinia are described, illustrated and compared with similar species. A key to the ten known West Palaearctic species of Pales is presented. The rare genus Schembria Rondani is suggested as the possible sister-group of Pales and the male genitalia of the only known species, S. meridionalis Rondani, are figured for the first time.

Assessment of monophyly and taxon affinities within the polychaete clade Terebelliformia (Terebellida)

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 961-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Glasby ◽  
Patricia A. Hutchings ◽  
Kathryn Hall
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
First Time

A phylogenetic analysis of the polychaete clade Terebelliformia (Terebellida) was undertaken in order to test monophyly of families and subfamilies and to determine their affinities. Parsimony analyses of 41 terebelliform species with outgroup Owenia fusiformis and 46 morphological characters yielded 106–144 most parsimonious trees with length 250, consistency index=0·432, retention index=0·659 and rescaled consistency index=0·285. Monophyly was indicated for Alvinellidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae and Trichobranchidae and the terebellid subfamily Polycirrinae. Monophyly of Terebellidae is supported by the presence of a ridge-like tentacular membrane. Monophyly of Polycirrinae is supported by the loss of branchiae, trilobed upper lip, pinnate secondary notochaetae and ventro-lateral pads. Recognition of Polycirrinae renders taxa in the other terebellid subfamilies—Terebellinae and Thelepodinae—paraphyletic. Our results do not support previous classifications that placed Trichobranchidae as a subfamily of Terebellidae; rather it should be considered equal in rank with Alvinellidae, Ampharetidae, Terebellidae and Pectinariidae. The following relationships were obtained: (Trichobranchidae ((Alvinellidae, Ampharetidae) (Pectinariidae, Terebellidae))). This is the first time a Pectinariidae–Terebellidae sister group relationship has been found; it is supported by the synapomorphic presence of ventral glandular shields.

Phylogeny of the Limnophilinae (Limoniidae) and early evolution of the Tipulomorpha (Diptera)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Cunha Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Crane Flies ◽  
Male Morphology ◽  
First Time

Tipulomorpha (crane flies) comprise one of the largest subgroups of Diptera, but its phylogeny at different levels has been poorly explored. This study presents the most comprehensive cladistic analysis of the group ever made, with emphasis on the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Limnophilinae (Limoniidae), assumed to include some of the earliest lineages of Tipulomorpha sensu stricto and therefore important for the understanding of the early patterns in the evolution of the crane flies. Eighty-eight characters of the male imago were scored for 104 exemplar species. The most parsimonious trees were searched using implied weighting, in the framework of a sensitivity analysis with different values of k (2 to 6). The dataset based on the characters of adult male morphology showed high levels of homoplasy and yielded very incongruent and unstable phylogenetic results, which are very sensitive to changes in analytical parameters. In the preferred and most parsimonious phylogenetic hypothesis, the Pediciidae is the sister-group of all other Tipulomorpha sensu stricto. The results indicate the paraphyly of the Limoniidae with respect to the Cylindrotomidae and Tipulidae, which are considered sister-groups. The Limoniidae subfamilies Limnophilinae, Limoniinae and Chioneinae are considered non-monophyletic. The study allowed a reconstruction of the possible ground plan condition of selected features of the adult male morphology of crane flies. The genera/subgenera Epiphragma (Epiphragma), Acantholimnophila, Shannonomyia, Limnophila (Arctolimnophila), Eloeophila, Conosia, Polymera, Polymera (Polymerodes), Prionolabis, Eutonia, Phylidorea (Phylidorea), Metalimnophila, Gynoplistia (Cerozodia), Gynoplistia (Dirhipis), Nothophila, Pseudolimnophila (Pseudolimnophila), Pilaria and Ulomorpha are considered monophyletic, but in general are defined by combinations of very homoplastic character states. Two Temperate Gondwanan clades, (Tonnoirella + (Edwardsomyia + (Tinemyia + (Rhamphophila + (Nothophila))))) and ((Notholimnophila + Bergrothomyia) + (Mesolimnophila + (Chilelimnophila + Ctenolimnophila))) are recovered. The genera Limnophila, Neolimnomyia, Gynoplistia (sensu lato) and Hexatoma (sensu lato) are considered non-monophyletic. The systematic position and some morphological characters of ‘problematic’ taxa, such as Dactylolabis, Elephantomyia, Helius and Atarba are discussed on the light of the proposed phylogeny and the analysis of the characters. Character states are richly illustrated. A detailed study of the morphology of the male genitalia is made, and several genera and species have the morphology of the male genitalia illustrated for the first time.

A new species of Zangerlia (Testudines: Nanhsiungchelyidae) from the Upper Cretaceous redbeds at Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, and the relationships of the genus

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Brinkman ◽  
Jiang-Hua Peng
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

Zangerlia neimongolensis sp.nov. is described on the basis of material from the Upper Cretaceous redbeds at Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia. Zangerlia neimongolensis is similar to Zangerlia testudinimorpha in the proportions of the carapace and plastron and presence of a knob at the posterior end of the neural series, but differs from it in the arrangement of scutes covering the bridge. The placement of Zangerlia in the Nanhsiungchelyidae is supported by derived features of the bridge peripherals and plastral scutes shared by Z. neimongolensis, Basilemys, and Nanhsiungchelys. These are the presence of ventrally expanded sixth inframarginal scutes, humeral scutes that are narrow at the midline and expanded laterally, pectoral scutes that are wide at the midline and narrow laterally, and large rectangular abdominal scutes. The skull of Zangerlia is more primitive than that of Nanhsiungchelys, the only other member of the family for which a skull is known. It shows extensive emargination of the temporal and cheek regions and the absence of a large, tubular external narial opening. A cladistic analysis of the Trionychoidea using Zangerlia as the representative of the Nanhsiungchelyidae suggests a sister-group relationship between the Nanhsiungchelyidae and Adocidae.

A new Endoclita (C. &. R. Felder, 1874) from the High Mountains of Taiwan with notes about its evolutionary origins (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4521 (3) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
ULF BUCHSBAUM ◽  
LI-PENG HSU ◽  
DING-JIA CHEN ◽  
JOHN R. GREHAN
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Female Specimen ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Northern Taiwan

A new species Endoclita atayala Buchsbaum & Hsu sp. n. is based on a single female specimen collected at light in the high mountains of northern Taiwan. Comparisons with all other Endoclita (C. & R. Felder, 1874) species confirms that E. atayala sp. n. exhibits distinctive and unique wing pattern characteristics and probably has a sister group relationship with E. crenilimbata (Le Cerf, 1919) of southeastern China and illustrated here for the first time, and E. nodus (Chu & Wang, 1985) of northeastern China. The species diversity of Taiwanese Hepialidae is described and the biogeographic implications of the E. atayala sp. n. relationship for the origin of endemic species in Taiwan are reviewed. 

Larval Sphindidae (Coleoptera : Cucujoidea): phylogenetic implications and new descriptions

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Chiao ◽  
Joseph V. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Length Difference ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
First Time

A new phylogenetic hypothesis of Sphindidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) ispresented, based on a cladistic analysis of 15 larval morphology characters inaddition to 39 adult morphology characters modified from a previous study by McHugh (1993). Results from the combined cladistic analyses show larval characters supporting several previously established relationships and resolving the placement of Notosphindus McHugh & Wheeler. The sister-group relationship betweenCarinisphindus McHugh and SphindusMegerle in Dejean is not supported by the combined analyses. Larval charactersdid not show a disproportionately strong impact on the more basal nodes.Incongruence length difference analysis found an insignificant level ofdiscordance (P = 0.197) between the adult andlarval based data sets. Larval Notosphindus slateriMcHugh & Wheeler, Genisphindus minor McHugh andCarinisphindus purpuricephalus McHugh & Lewis aredescribed for the first time, representing the first larval descriptions forthese genera. A literature review of immature stages of sphindid beetles and ageneric level key to larvae of the family are provided.

Skeleto-muscular morphology of the pterothorax and male genitalia of Synemon plana Walker (Castniidae) and Brachodes appendiculata (Esper) (Brachodidae), with notes on phylogenetic relationships of tortricoid-grade moth families (Lepidoptera)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Kozlov ◽  
Vladimir I. Kuznetzov ◽  
Anatoly A. Stekolnikov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Character Set ◽  
Synemon Plana

The skeleton and musculature of the meso- and metathorax as well as of the male genitalia of Synemon planaWalker (Castniidae) and Brachodes appendiculata (Esper) (Brachodidae) are described, illustrated and compared with corresponding structures earlier described from the Cossidae, Choreutidae, Zygaenidae, Limacodidae and Sesiidae. Cladistic analyses of the muscle data, both separately and in combination with those of other characters, were performed to reveal relationships among these families. Our findings supported the monophyly of a group composed of three families (Brachodidae, Sesiidae and Castniidae) constituting the superfamily Sesioidea sensu Minet, and hence indicated that the Choreutidae are not closely related to the Sesioidea. The character set comprised no synapomorphies of the Limacodidae and Zygaenidae, currently united in the superfamily Zygaenoidea sensu Minet. A sister-group relationship between the Cossoidea and most if not all other superfamilies of Apoditrysia is suggested.

Nearctomeris, a new genus of Pill Millipedes from North America, with a comparison of genetic distances of American Pill Millipede Genera (Glomerida, Glomeridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3258 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS WESENER
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
First Time

A new genus and species of the pill millipede order Glomerida, Nearctomeris inexpectata n. sp., n. gen., is describedfrom the Eastern United States. The description of Nearctomeris brings the total number of American Glomerida generato three. In two of three known localitites, Nearctomeris co-occurs with species of the genus Onomeris Cook, 1896.Onomeris and Nearctomeris have almost an identical size (4–5.5 mm) and dark colour, but can be readily distingusihedby numerous non-sexual and sexual characters. Sexual characters of the male telopod also place Nearctomeris into thefamily Glomeridae, while the third American pill millipede genus Glomeroides Chamberlin, 1922 belongs to theProtoglomeridae. A key to all American genera of Glomerida is presented. For the first time in the order Glomerida, thepartial cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial gene was analyzed for the three American genera of the Glomerida,Glomeroides, Onomeris, and Nearctomeris together with European genera currently placed in different families,Glomeridella and Trachysphaera, as outgroups. Distance, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods wereemployed. Maximum parsimony and likelihood analyses did not lead to a well-resolved phylogeny, but found a weaklysupported sister-group relationship between Nearctomeris and Onomeris. All five analyzed pill millipede genera differgreatly in their uncorrected basepairs (15–22%), and moderately in their amino acids (5–10%). As in Onomeris, the closestrelative of Nearctomeris can probably be found among the Asian genera Hyleoglomeris Verhoeff, 1910 or Hyperglomeris Silvestri, 1917. In America, more attention should be given to the search for other small-bodied, cryptic, rare Glomerida.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document