Two new genera of long clawed Isohypsibioidea Guil, Jørgensen & Kristensen, 2019

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4729 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŁUKASZ KACZMAREK ◽  
TOMASZ BARTYLAK ◽  
MILENA ROSZKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Data ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Pharyngeal Apparatus ◽  
Shape And Size

Two new eutardigrade genera Vladimirobius gen. nov. and Weglarskobius gen. nov. are erected for the species Grevenius irregibilis (Biserov, 1992) and Isohypsibius altai Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2006a, respectively. They are characterized by strongly modified claws, bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Isohypsibius variant, pharyngeal apophyses, and placoids present. The primary branches of internal claws of Vladimirobius gen. nov. are wide in lateral view and have very prominent gibbosity-like projections, whereas primary branches of external claws are thin and extremely long. In Weglarskobius gen. nov. claws IV are similar in shape and size, but the primary branches are extremely long, and thin. Moreover, claws on legs I–III vary greatly in size and shape in Weglarskobius gen. nov. Such supposed autapomorphies fully justify erection of the two new genera, even if the genetic data are presently unavailable. 

No functional sexual dimorphism in Minorcan horse assessed by geometric morphometric methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere M. Parés-Casanova ◽  
C. Allés
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Morphometric Methods ◽  
Nw Mediterranean ◽  
Nw Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Shape And Size

SummaryThe existence of sexual dimorphism in the Minorcan horse, an autochthonous breed from Minorca Island in the Balearic archipelago (NW Mediterranean Sea), is established in the official standard, with females being shorter and longer than males as well as having slenderer necks and a squarer croup. However, no study so far has explored the size and shape components of this dimorphism separately. The aim of this study was to analyse the morphology of this breed using geometric morphometric methods in order to find size and shape differences between sire lines. The analysis was based on landmarks digitized in lateral view from 38 registered adult Minorcan horses (20 males and 18 females) within an age range of 3–14 years (average 7 years) with different performance goals. The analyses did not reveal any significant differences between the “shape” and “size” of male and female animals, for the landmarks studied, so the sexes are functionally similar.

Cooling Rates of Brake Drums and Discs

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Newcomb ◽  
N. Millner
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Slip Ring ◽  
Disc Brakes ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Time Plot

An investigation has been made of the rates of cooling of vehicle brake drums and discs. Thermocouples were inserted in the drums and discs and in the wheel hubs and their outputs fed via slip ring units to meters mounted inside the vehicle. The drums or discs were heated to a uniform temperature of 300°-400°C by drag braking and the rate at which they cooled measured while the vehicle was driven at constant speed. Measurements were made at various speeds in the range 0 to 90 mile/h. From the log (temperature) against time plot a cooling coefficient bv was determined. It is shown that at a vehicle speed v the quantity bv can be expressed in the form bv = b0 +Kv0·8 where b0 represents the loss of heat to the hub and K is a constant depending on the size and shape of the drum or disc. Values of these constants have been determined on a variety of cars having discs and drums varying from 7 in to 11 in diameter and on a lorry fitted with 16·75 in diameter drums. Cooling rates are shown to depend on shape and size of the disc or drum. Results show that the cooling rates of front brakes are about 20 per cent higher than the rear brakes and that front discs cool about 25 per cent more quickly than the corresponding drum size recommended for the same vehicle. The cooling rate of front discs did not change when wire wheels were fitted instead of solid wheels. Ventilated discs and solid discs were also compared. The effect of fitting dust shields on disc brakes is shown to reduce the cooling rates by about 30 per cent. The effect of otherwise disturbing the air flow was studied.

Synthesis and characterization of size- and shape-controlled silver nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Mukherji ◽  
Sharda Bharti ◽  
Gauri Shukla ◽  
Soumyo Mukherji
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Shape Controlled ◽  
Synthesis Routes ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have application potential in diverse areas ranging from wound healing to catalysis and sensing. The possibility for optimizing the physical, chemical and optical properties for an application by tailoring the shape and size of silver nanoparticles has motived much research on methods for synthesis of size- and shape-controlled AgNPs. The shape and size of AgNPs are reported to vary depending on choice of the Ag precursor salt, reducing agent, stabilizing agent and on the synthesis technique used. This chapter provides a detailed review on various synthesis approaches that may be used for synthesis of AgNPs of desired size and shape. Silver nanoparticles may be synthesized using diverse routes, including, physical, chemical, photochemical, biological and microwave -based techniques. Synthesis of AgNPs of diverse shapes, such as, nanospheres, nanorods, nanobars, nanoprisms, decahedral nanoparticles and triangular bipyramids is also discussed for chemical-, photochemical- and microwave-based synthesis routes. The choice of chemicals used for reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles is found to influence their shape and size significantly. A discussion on the mechanism of synthesis of AgNPs through nucleation and growth processes is discussed for AgNPs of varying shape and sizes so as to provide an insight on the various synthesis routes. Techniques, such as, electron microscopy, spectroscopy, and crystallography that can be used for characterizing the AgNPs formed in terms of their shape, sizes, crystal structure and chemical composition are also discussed in this chapter. Graphical Abstract:

Brownian motions on shape and size-and-shape spaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiling Le
Keyword(s):  
Dual Problem ◽  
Heat Kernels ◽  
Brownian Motions ◽  
Shape Spaces ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

The diffusions on the shape and size-and-shape spaces induced by brownian motions on the pre-size-and-shape spaces have been investigated in several papers (cf.). We here address the dual problem: the character of the diffusions on the pre-shape and pre-size-and-shape spaces which induce brownian motions on the shape and size-and-shape spaces. In particular we show that the shape and size-and-shape spaces for k labelled points in ℝm are stochastically complete if k > m and obtain the heat kernels of certain diffusions which induce brownian motions on the size-and-shape spaces.

scholarly journals Sexual size and shape dimorphism in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Vukica Vujić ◽  
Luka Lučić ◽  
Sofija Pavković-Lučić ◽  
Bojan Ilić ◽  
Zvezdana Jovanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Morphological Trait ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Until now, morphological trait variation has been investigated in several millipede species using geometric morphometrics. The present study is the first attempt to explore sexual shape and size dimorphism (SShD and SSD) of morphological structures in Polydesmida. We here analyse antennal, head, and leg SShD and SSD in Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889. Our results show that SSD exists in all of the analysed structures, while SShD is present only in the legs. In comparison with females, males possess longer and wider legs, as well as longer antennae and a shorter head. Contrary to previous findings in some Julida, in B. troglobiusSSD of the antennae and legs varies more than SShD in these morphological structures.

scholarly journals Ukuran dan bentuk lengkung gigi rahang bawah pada orang Papua

e-GIGI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoddy G. Saputra ◽  
P. S. Anindita ◽  
Damajanty H.C. Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Arch ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orang Asli ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Transversal Width ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract: Mandibular size and shape are important information especially in terms to figure out the right diagnosis and the type of treatment a patient should have. Human mandible is a key factor for occlusion adjustment, meanwhile maxilla is following the mandible’s position. Several studies show that the stability of mandibular shape and size determines the success of one’s treatment. Each ethnic group has a particular skeletal pattern as well as shape and size of mandible. This study was aimed to obtain the average size and shape of mandibles among local Papuans. This was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained by using purposive sampling method. There were 35 local Papuans aged 18-25 years as subjects. Data were obtained by molding the subject’s mandible, therefore, each subject produced a study model. The study model was measured in sagittal (length) and transversal (width) views based on Raberin method. The results showed that the average lengths of local Papuans’ mandibular size in sagittal view (L31, L61, and L71 in a row) were 6.143; 26.463; and 43.743 mm meanwhile the average widths of local Papuans’ mandibular size (L33, L66, and L77 in a row) were 30.857; 50.971; and 60.971 mm. The mandibular shape of most local Papuans was mid shape (45.8%) meanwhile the least shape of them was pointed (5.7%)Keywords: dental arch size, dental arch shape, mandibular, local Papuan Abstrak: Ukuran dan bentuk lengkung gigi rahang bawah sangat diperlukan dalam menentukan diagnosis dan rencana perawatan yang tepat dalam bidang ortodontik karena rahang bawah merupakan faktor stabilitas oklusi, sedangkan rahang atas menyesuaikan pada rahang bawah. Beberapa peneliti menyatakan bahwa kestabilan bentuk dan ukuran lengkung gigi rahang bawah merupakan faktor stabilitas dari hasil perawatan. Setiap kelompok etnik cenderung memiliki pola skeletal dan ukuran lengkung gigi rahang bawah yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rerata ukuran dan bentuk lengkung gigi rahang bawah pada orang Papua. Jenis penelitian yaitu deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 35 orang Papua berusia 18-25 tahun diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan mencetak rahang bawah setiap subjek penelitian dan didapatkan hasil cetakan berupa model studi. Model studi yang diperoleh diukur dalam arah sagital (panjang) dan transversal (lebar) berdasarkan metode Raberin. Hasil pengukurun diperoleh rerata panjang lengkung gigi rahang bawah pada orang Papua dalam arah sagital (yaitu L31, L61, L71) berturut-turut 6,143; 26,463; dan 43,743 mm, sedangkan rerata lebar lengkung gigi dalam arah transversal (yaitu L33, L66, L77) berturut-turut 30,857; 50,971; dan 60,971 mm. Bentuk lengkung gigi rahang bawah pada orang asli Papua paling banyak yaitu bentuk mid (45,8%) dan yang paling sedikit berbentuk pointed (5,7%). Kata kunci: ukuran lengkung gigi, bentuk lengkung gigi, rahang bawah, orang asli Papua

scholarly journals A new tribe, two new genera and three new species of Cypridopsinae (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cyprididae) from Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
Nadiny Martins Almeida ◽  
Janet Higuti ◽  
Vitor Góis Ferreira ◽  
Koen Martens
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Amazon Floodplain ◽  
Upper Paraná River Floodplain ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Asexual Populations

We describe one new tribe, two new genera and three new species of the subfamily Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900 from Brazilian floodplains. Brasilodopsis gen. nov. belongs in the nominal tribe Cypridopsini, and both new species in this new genus were found in both sexual and asexual populations. Brasilodopsis baiabonita gen. et sp. nov. has a wide distribution and was found in three of the four major Brazilian floodplains. Brasilodopsis amazonica gen. et sp. nov. was recorded only from the Amazon floodplain. Brasilodopsis baiabonita gen. et sp. nov. has a subtriangular shape in lateral view, whereas Brasilodopsis amazonica gen. et sp. nov. is more elongated and has more rounded dorsal margins in both valves, as well as more pronounced external valve ornamentation, consisting of rimmed pores in shallow pits. Paranadopsis reducta gen. et sp. nov. was found in asexual populations in the Upper Paraná River floodplain only and differs from other Cypridopsinae in the more elongated carapace, an A1 with strongly reduced chaetotaxy (hence the specific name) and the total absence of caudal rami in females. Because of these strong reductions in valve and limb morphology, Paranadopsini trib. nov. is created within the Cypridopsinae for this intriguing new genus and species.

Dependence of the temperature distribution in the vortex tube on the geometry of the swirler

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Mikhaylenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Vortex Tube ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Modeling of the vortex tube for several variants of the size and shape of inlets of the swirl is carried out. A mathematical model of the process is written. Computational modeling was based on the LES method using the PIMPLE algorithm in the OpenFOAM computational package. Considerable attention was paid to using uniform orthogonalized meshes, while the shape and size of the swirl of the swirl was determined by the feature of the mesh constructed. It is shown that, under certain initial conditions, the effect of thermal stratification can be inversed for some forms of the swirler.

Modulation of Shape and Size-Dependent Characteristics of Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Pramod K. Sharma ◽  
Rishabha Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Background: Nanoparticles have considerably been studied for biomedical applications which include biosensing, bioimaging diagnostics, etc. but the effect of shape and size on the nanoparticles has received little attention. The execution of nanoparticles is affected by various factors such as size, shape, surface charge, etc. Objective: In this manuscript, the effects of nanoparticles size and shape on cellular uptake, biodistribution, and half-life of nanoparticles are discussed. The shape of nanoparticles affects the biodistribution, cellular uptake, adhesion strength, half-life circulation, and drug release kinetics and drug clearance. Methods and Results: The shape of the particles enhances the distribution ratio. Particles with a different shape such as spherical shape particles, improve oral drug bioavailability. Rod-like structure of particles showed more specific uptake and less nonspecific uptake in cells related to sphere particles. The size of the particles also affects the binding properties to the receptor and the enthalpic and entropic properties to control the adhesive strength in nanoparticles. Maximum in vitro cellular uptake showed a 10-60nm size range. Nanoparticles that are more than 100nm in size have the ability to penetrate through leaky vasculature into tumors. The size of the nanoparticles affects the biological fate and the large size particles are accumulated in the liver and spleen. Conclusion: The present manuscript specifically deals with the nanocarrier formulation such as cubosomes and hexasomes. The nanoparticles shape has an impact on hydrodynamics significantly and interfaces of vascular targeting. Due to the small particle size of the cubosomes nanoparticles, the cubic phase is more appropriate for the controlled release drug delivery system. It can be concluded from the findings of the literature survey that the size and shape of nanocarriers have a significant effect on pharmaceutical and biomedical adaptation.

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