Complementary description of Panonychus caricae Hatzinikolis, 1984, with the resurrection of the genus Sasanychus Ehara, 1978 (Acari, Prostigmata, Tetranychidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4881 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-531
Author(s):  
TEA ARABULI ◽  
TOMOKO MATSUDA ◽  
MOHAMED W. NEGM ◽  
TETSUO GOTOH
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Tree ◽  
The World ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Fig Trees

A complementary description of Panonychus caricae Hatzinikolis, 1984, is presented based on the morphology of adult female and male individuals collected from fig trees (Ficus sp., Moraceae) in Greece. Morphological differences between Panonychus caricae and two closely related species, Panonychus ulmi (Koch, 1836) and Panonychus hadzhibejliae (Reck, 1947), are discussed. Panonychus caricae can be separated from two other Panonychus species using the length of the female dorsal setae in combination with the ratio between the length of female dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 and h1, and the ratio between the length of dorsal setae sc1 and h1. A phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree was constructed based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 10 species of the subgenus Panonychus s.str. (including the re-described species P. caricae) and the only two species of the subgenus Sasanychus. The phylogenetic tree indicates that these 12 species are clearly separated from each other. The two subgenera, Panonychus s.str. and Sasanychus, comprise strongly supported monophyletic clades with 98% bootstrap values. The convergence of molecular and morphological data (dorsal setae set on tubercles or not, number of tactile setae on tibiae I and II, and patterns of the dorsocentral striae) suggests that Sasanychus should not be classified under the genus Panonychus. Consequently, molecular and morphological evidence supports the resurrection of the genus Sasanychus, which contains two species, S. akitanus (Ehara) and S. pusillus Ehara & Gotoh, as distinct from Panonychus. A key to the world species of Panonychus and Sasanychus is also provided.

A Paedomorphocline in Eucalyptus: Natural Variation in the E. risdonii/E. tenuiramis Complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJE Wiltshire ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Leaf Habit ◽  
Juvenile Leaf ◽  
Adult Leaf ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Fruit Characters

Ontogenetic and morphological variation in 40 natural populations of the closely related species, E. risdonii and E. tenuiramis, were assessed in a multivariate study of juvenile and adult leaf and fruit characters. The present taxonomic separation of the two taxa is based mainly on ontogenetic differences, but this study reveals that the variation between the two taxa in the retention of the juvenile leaf habit is continuous and may represent a paedomorphocline. The morphological data suggest that at least four phenetic groups are required to summarise the morphological variation in the E. risdonii/ E. tenuiramis complex. When ontogenetic variation is removed, the morphological variation between some E. risdonii and some E. tenuiramis populations is also continuous and much smaller than the morphological differences within E. tenuiramis. This suggests that E. risdonii may be the product of relatively recent changes in developmental timing (heterochrony) from E. tenuiramis.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological evidence for short range endemism in the Kinnecaris solitaria complex (Copepoda: Parastenocarididae), with descriptions of seven new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3026 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMISLAV KARANOVIC ◽  
STEVEN J.B. COOPER
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Very High

Recent investigation of one of the larger calcretes in the uppermost reaches of the Carey palaeochannel in the Yilgarn region of Western Australia revealed an unprecedented diversity of copepod crustaceans. Twenty-two different species and subspecies, from six copepod families, represent 70% of the previously recorded copepod α-diversity in the whole region, although the area investigated is less than 3% of its surface. The aims of this study were to explore the diversity of the harpacticoid genus Kinnecaris Jakobi, 1972 using both molecular and morphological methods, establish precise species boundaries, find their accurate area of distribution, reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, and explore colonisation pathways. To achieve this we sampled very intensively in the area, as well as in two neighbouring palaeochannels, analysing more than 700 samples from 230 different localities, half of which contained copepods. Seven species are described here as new, five of them from the Yeelirrie palaeochannel (K. esbe sp. nov., K. lined sp. nov., K. linel sp. nov., K. linesae sp. nov., and K. uranusi sp. nov.) and one each from two neighbouring palaeochannels (K. barrambie sp. nov. and K. lakewayi sp. nov.). Parastenocaris jane Karanovic, 2006 from the Pilbara region, along with a newly described third Australian parastenocaridid genus from the Yilgarn, were used as outgroups in our molecular analysis. The COI fragment was successfully PCR-amplified from 12 parastenocaridid specimens using a nested combination of primers. All analyses supported the presence of at least seven genetically divergent lineages, most supported with very high bootstrap values. Three genera formed three separate clades, and the average pairwise distances between Kinnecaris morpho-taxa were found to be very high (8.2-16.8 %), while the highest divergences within morpho-taxa were 0.3%. Some conflict between molecular phylogenies and morphological data was observed when it came to recognizing different groups of species. While morphology indicates that K. esbe, K. linel, and K. uranusi represent a group of very closely related species, supported by a number of synapomorphies, molecular analyses suggest that K. linel and K. uranusi are only remotely related. We argue in favor of morphological data, until more markers can be studied to try to resolve these differences. In Yeelirrie, morphological evidence would suggest a downstream colonisation history in the genus Kinnecaris, where the most plesiomorphic form (K. linesae) lives in the uppermost reaches of the palaeochannel, and the trend in the caudal rami elongation and denser somite ornamentation is obvious downstream the palaeochannel (K. uranusi, K. linel, and then K. esbe), with the only exception being K. lined, which probably represents an independent colonisation event. Parastenocarids are copepods of freshwater origin, and we argure that they can probably disperse downstream during periods of increased rainfall, evolving into separate species in isolated calcrete pockets during periods of increased aridity. Although some of the questions remained unanswered in this study, detailed morphological and molecular observations indicate that we are not dealing with one widely distributed and variable species in the Yilgarn region, but rather with a complex of short range endemics. Areas of distribution for different species range from 30 km to less than 5 km in diameter. Very strong seasonal dynamics in this subterranean community was observed, and this is a novel concept for these ecosystems globally. A key to nine Australian species of Kinnecaris is also included.

scholarly journals Exploring systematic biases, rooting methods and morphological evidence to unravel the evolutionary history of the genus Ficus (Moraceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Yves Rasplus ◽  
Lillian Jennifer Rodriguez ◽  
Laure Sauné ◽  
Yang-Qiong Peng ◽  
Anthony Bain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gc Content ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Fig Trees

ABSTRACTDespite their ecological and evolutionary importance as key components of tropical ecosystems, the phylogeny of fig trees is still unresolved. We use restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing (ca 420kb) and 102 morphological characters to elucidate the relationships between 70 species of Ficus representing all known subgenera and sections and five outgroups. We compare morphological and molecular results to highlight discrepancies and reveal possible inference bias. We analyse marker and taxon properties that may bias molecular inferences, with existing softwares and a new approach based on iterative principal component analysis to reduce variance between clusters of samples. For the first time, with both molecular and morphological data, we recover a monophyletic subgenus Urostigma and a clade with all gynodioecious fig trees. However, our analyses show that it is not possible to homogenize evolutionary rates and GC content for all taxa prior to phylogenetic inference and that four competing positions for the root of the molecular tree are possible. The placement of the long-branched section Pharmacosycea as sister to all other fig trees is not supported by morphological data and considered as a result of a long branch attraction artefact to the outgroups. Regarding morphological features and indirect evidence from the pollinator tree of life, the topology that divides the genus Ficus into monoecious versus gynodioecious species appears most likely. Active pollination is inferred as the ancestral state for all topologies, ambiguity remains for ancestral breeding system including for the favored topology, and it appears most likely that the ancestor of fig trees was a freestanding tree. Increasing sampling may improve results and would be at least as relevant as maximizing the number of sequenced regions given the strong heterogeneity in evolutionary rates, and to a lesser extent, base composition among species. Despite morphological plasticity and frequent homoplasy of multiple characters, we advocate giving a central role to morphology in our understanding of the evolution of Ficus, especially as it can help detect insidious systematic errors that tend to become more pronounced with larger molecular data sets.

Allopatric separation represents an overlooked cryptic species in theAnania hortulataspecies complex (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae): congruence between genetic and morphological evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofu Yang ◽  
Jean-François Landry
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Morphological Differences

AbstractAnania hortulata(Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) is a strikingly coloured, common, and widespread species that has long been recognised as a single species widely distributed in Asia, Europe, and North America. Using a combination of molecular and morphometric data, this study resolved thatA. hortulatais actually a species complex of two superficially indistinguishable species. Phylogenetic and network analyses based on the mitochondrial COI gene discriminated lineages from all major geographical regions of China as distinct,A. sinensisYang and Landrynew species, whereasA. hortulataoccurs in Central Asia, Europe, and North America. Nuclear gene (CAD) and morphological differences in the genital characters provided further evidence for the separation ofA. hortulataandA. sinensis.

scholarly journals Integrative taxonomy of the new millipede genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. (Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Pseudospirobolellidae), with descriptions of ten new species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyatida Pimvichai ◽  
Henrik Enghoff ◽  
Somsak Panha ◽  
Thierry Backeljau
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Morphological Differences

Pseudospirobolellidae is a poorly known family of spirobolidan millipedes with only two genera and five described species. Yet, the descriptive taxonomy and molecular systematics of this group have been largely neglected. Therefore, the present work presents an integrative taxonomic study of new pseudospirobolellid taxa in Thailand. To this end, two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S rRNA) combined with morphological characters were used to define the genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. with 10 new species, viz. C. albiceps, sp. nov., C. compactogonus, sp. nov., C. fuscus, sp. nov., C. nodosus, sp. nov., C. serratus, sp. nov., C. simplex, sp. nov., C. tenebris, sp. nov., C. tigris, sp. nov., C. transversalis, sp. nov. and C. valvatus, sp. nov. The interspecific COI sequence divergences among the new species ranged from 6 to 15%. The intergeneric COI sequence divergence between species of Coxobolellus, gen. nov., Benoitolus birgitae and Pseudospirobolellus sp. ranged from 20 to 23%. Three major morphological differences separate Coxobolellus, gen. nov. from Benoitolus and Pseudospirobolellus, namely (1) the protruding process on the 3rd (and 4th) coxae on male legs, (2) the posterior gonopod telopodite divided into two parts, and (3) a conspicuous opening pore at the mesal margin at the end of the coxal part of the posterior gonopod. Thus, the new genus is well supported by both mtDNA and morphological evidence, while the delimitation of the 10 new species is supported by the congruence between mtDNA and morphological data. Yet, with respect to the relationships of Benoitolus birgitae, morphological data suggest a similarity with Coxobolellus, gen. nov. and Pseudospirobolellus, whereas mtDNA data place this species in the Pachybolidae. Further phylogenetic analyses are needed to explore this apparent incongruence and test the monophyly of Pseudospirobolellidae.

scholarly journals Darwin Returns to the Galapagos: Genetic and Morphological Analyses Confirm the Presence of Tramea darwini at the Archipelago (Odonata, Libellulidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
María Olalla Lorenzo-Carballa ◽  
Rosser W. Garrison ◽  
Andrea C. Encalada ◽  
Adolfo Cordero-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Morphological Differences

The status of the Tramea species present in the Galapagos Islands (Odonata, Libellulidae) has been the subject of a long-standing debate among odonatologists. Here, we use molecular and morphological data to analyze a series of specimens from this genus collected in 2018 from the Islands of San Cristobal, Isabela, and Santa Cruz, with the aim of determining their relationship with Tramea calverti Muttkowski and with their currently considered senior synonym T. cophysa Hagen. We combined sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA with morphological examination of several specimens of Tramea, including representatives of continental T. cophysa and T. calverti. Our molecular analyses place the Tramea from Galapagos in the same clade as T. calverti, with T. cophysa as a closely related species. The morphological analyses found only one consistent difference between T. cophysa and T. calverti: the presence of an accessory lobe in the male vesica spermalis of T. cophysa that is absent in T. calverti and in the Tramea from Galapagos. In agreement with our genetic results, the overall morphological differences documented by us indicate that the Galapagos material examined is conspecific with T. calverti. In light of this, and following the principle of priority in taxonomic nomenclature, Tramea calverti Muttkowski, 1910 should hereafter be considered a junior synonym of Tramea darwini Kirby, 1889.

scholarly journals Species recognition and phylogeny of Thelotrema species in Australia (Ostropales, Ascomycota)

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch ◽  
Armin Mangold ◽  
María P. Martín ◽  
John A. Elix
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Crustose Lichens

Species circumscriptions based on morphological data are difficult in crustose lichens with limited characters as they often show remarkable variability. An example is the genus Thelotrema s.str., a speciose genus of mostly tropical lichens. Morphological studies on Australian Thelotrema spp. were accompanied by a phylogenetic analysis of mt SSU rDNA sequence data of 19 species, including 25 newly obtained sequences. We performed maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of 50 samples, representing 25 species. Our results indicate that more species need to be accepted in Thelotrema than previously thought. Subtle morphological differences were found to be associated with independent lineages in the phylogenetic trees. Furthermore, monophyly of Thelotrema s.str. is strongly supported. On the basis of the corroboration of morphological evidence by molecular data, the new species Thelotrema capetribulense Mangold, T. crespoae Mangold, Lumbsch & Elix, T. oleosum Mangold, and T. pseudosubtile Mangold are described. The new combinations Chapsa phlyctidioides (Müll.Arg.) Mangold and Thelotrema defossum (Müll.Arg.) Mangold are proposed.

Morphological and mtDNA data reveal broader distribution of Alburnoides holciki (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) in inland waters of Central Asia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4614 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
BORIS LEVIN ◽  
RYAN THONI ◽  
OLEG ARTAEV ◽  
ALEXEY BOLOTOVSKIY ◽  
MARINA LEVINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
Morphological Differences

Alburnoides holciki was described from the Hari River basin, which was the only basin it was known from. Populations from the Amu Darya basin were previously recognized as A. eichwaldii or Alburnoides sp. Our study recognized specimens of Alburnoides from the Amu Darya basin as A. holciki based on morphological data and the COI barcode gene. The population from the Zeravshan basin showed some morphological differences compared to others but were similar in the COI gene and needs further investigation. New results extend the range of A. holciki for almost 1000 km ­from the Hari River to the upper Amu Darya tributaries in Tajikistan. The intraspecific genetic similarity in the COI gene between populations in the Hari and Amu Darya rivers supports the geographical hypothesis of a recent connection of these rivers. 

Discovery of new species confirms Oriental origin of Orussus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Orussidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Vilhelmsen ◽  
Stephan M. Blank ◽  
Zhiwei Liu ◽  
David R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Data Set ◽  
World Species ◽  
Oriental Region ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Species Inquirenda ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Focus

The genusOrussusis reviewed, with primary focus on taxa from the Oriental Region; a revised key to the world species is presented. The newly described species are analysed with a comprehensive morphological data set encompassing the entire family. The discovery of the new species corroborates the earlier proposed hypothesis thatOrussusoriginated in the Oriental Region. The following new species are described:O. areolatusBlank & Vilhelmsen from Morocco,O. hanumanusVilhelmsen & Blank from India (described forO. decoomaniauct.),O. punctulatissimusBlank & Vilhelmsen from Malaysia, andO. zhuiVilhelmsen, Liu, Smith & Blank from China. CurrentlyO. decoomaniMaa, 1950 from Vietnam cannot be interpreted properly and is considered aspecies inquirenda.Orussus mikageiTogashi, 2008 is proposed as a new synonym ofO. rufipesTsuneki, 1963.

Scanning electron microscopy of freeze-fractured prescapular lymph node of caprine

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
O. Faroon ◽  
F. Al-Bagdadi ◽  
T. G. Snider ◽  
C. Titkemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Cellular Constituent ◽  
Scanning Electron

The lymphatic system is very important in the immunological activities of the body. Clinicians confirm the diagnosis of infectious diseases by palpating the involved cutaneous lymph node for changes in size, heat, and consistency. Clinical pathologists diagnose systemic diseases through biopsies of superficial lymph nodes. In many parts of the world the goat is considered as an important source of milk and meat products.The lymphatic system has been studied extensively. These studies lack precise information on the natural morphology of the lymph nodes and their vascular and cellular constituent. This is due to using improper technique for such studies. A few studies used the SEM, conducted by cutting the lymph node with a blade. The morphological data collected by this method are artificial and do not reflect the normal three dimensional surface of the examined area of the lymph node. SEM has been used to study the lymph vessels and lymph nodes of different animals. No information on the cutaneous lymph nodes of the goat has ever been collected using the scanning electron microscope.

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