An integrative description of a new Cephalothrix species (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) from the South China Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4908 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-594
Author(s):  
ALEXEI V. CHERNYSHEV ◽  
NEONILA E. POLYAKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Body Colour ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

A new nemertean species of the genus Cephalothrix from intertidal calcareous red algae off the Vietnam coast is described based on histological sections, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and nucleotide sequences of three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, H3) and two mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) DNA fragments. Cephalothrix suni sp. nov. is characterized by a unique body colour pattern consisting of transverse brown on ventral body side. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family Cephalotrichidae using a multigene approach has identified three clades for Cephalothrix: Cephalothrix, Procephalothrix, and interstitial cephalotrichids. The new species belongs to clade Procephalothrix sensu Chernyshev & Kajihara 2019 and a subclade of species with red, orange, or dark yellow anterior tip. 

Cuticular structures in the copulatory apparatus of Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E.V. Soldatenko ◽  
A.A. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Copulatory Apparatus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cuticular Structures

The morphology of the copulatory apparatus and associated cuticular structures in Planorbis planorbis was studied by light microscopy, SEM, TEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The significance of these cuticular structures for the taxonomic status of the species and for the systematics of the family Planorbidae in general is discussed.

First pentasetacid mite from Australasian Araucariaceae: morphological description and molecular phylogenetic position of Pentasetacus novozelandicus n. sp. (Eriophyoidea, Pentasetacidae) and remarks on anal lobes in eriophyoid mites

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1284-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Chetverikov ◽  
C. CRAEMER C. CRAEMER ◽  
T. CVRKOVIĆ T. CVRKOVIĆ ◽  
P.G. EFIMOV P.G. EFIMOV ◽  
P.B. KLIMOV P.B. KLIMOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

A new vagrant eriophyoid mite species of the archaic genus Pentasetacus (Schliesske 1985), P. novozelandicus n. sp., is described with the aid of conventional microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found on Araucaria heterophylla, which is an araucarian that is endemic to Norfolk Island and introduced to New Zealand. Partial sequences of mitochondrial barcode COI gene and D1–D2 domains of nuclear rDNA of two pentasetacid mites, P. araucariae (MK903025 and MK898944) and P. novozelandicus n. sp. (MK903024 and MK898943) are provided. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of full-length D1–D2 eriophyoid sequences, including GenBank sequences and newly generated sequences of pentasetacids, confirmed the monophyly of Pentasetacidae but failed to resolve the basal phylogeny of Eriophyoidea. This may be because the D1–D2 domains of 28S are hypervariable in Eriophyoidea. Moreover, in pentasetacids D1–D2 sequences are about 20% shorter than in other eriophyoids, and thus harder to align. Two types of anal lobes are described in Eriophyoidea: (1) Eriophyidae s.l. and Phytoptidae s.l. have bilaterally symmetric lobes; (2) pentasetacids have non-divided lobes. The presence of an anal secretory apparatus, comprising internal structures that have previously been described in Eriophyidae s.l. and Phytoptidae s.l., is confirmed in pentasetacid genera. The phylogeny of pentasetacids is also discussed in the context of the paleobiography of Araucariaceae.

Oziella sibirica (Acari: Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae), a new eriophyoid mite species described using confocal microscopy, COI barcoding and 3D surface reconstruction

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3560 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPP E. CHETVERIKOV ◽  
FRÉDÉRIC BEAULIEU ◽  
TATJANA CVRKOVIĆ ◽  
BILJANA VIDOVIĆ ◽  
RADMILA U. PETANOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Prodorsal Shield ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Internal Genitalia

Oziella sibirica sp. nov., collected from sedges (Cyperaceae: Carex macroura) in Siberia, Russia, is herein describedbased on the external morphology of all active instars using primarily conventional phase contrast microscopy, andon the female internal genitalia and prodorsal shield design using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)imaging and a 3D modelling technique. A partial mitochondrial COI gene sequence of O. sibirica sp. nov. is alsoprovided, through GenBank, and this represents the first published record of any gene sequence data for the familyPhytoptidae. We present remarks on the phylogenetic significance of the position of setae 3a in immature instars oferiophyoids and on the ontogenic variability of the empodium morphology of O. sibirica sp. nov. Using this speciesas a model, we propose a method for describing the internal genitalia of eriophyoids based on CLSM. We advocatethe use of CLSM imaging as a new, relatively simple technique for observing and describing the internal genitalia oferiophyoids, as these largely unexplored genitalic structures may provide phylogenetically meaningful informationfor improving the classification of this poorly understood group of mites. In addition, CLSM may complementconventional light microscopy techniques in facilitating the interpretation of external structures such as body ornamentation or chaetotaxy.

Redescription of P. dorsipapillatus (von Marenzeller, 1893) and additional comments on the other species in the genus Pholoides Pruvot, 1895 (Polychaeta: Sigalionidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4450 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
KATHARINA HINTZE ◽  
KARIN MEIßNER ◽  
ANDREAS BICK
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Small Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pholoides Pruvot, 1895 is a species-poor genus of small scale-bearing polychaetes. Pholoides species are restricted to the continental shelf, living in sandy and muddy substrates, or on hard bottoms. During the DIVA 3 expedition grab samples were taken on four seamounts of the Meteor Seamount complex. One of the most common polychaetes in these samples was P. dorsipapillatus (von Marenzeller, 1893). Based on this material a comparison with the type material is undertaken leading to a re-description of P. dorsipapillatus. Diagnostic characters of all accepted Pholoides species were evaluated using light, scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. CLSM in particular proved to be an excellent tool for investigating these small species, and especially the type material. Blossom-like sensory buds, found at certain appendages of P. dorsipapillatus, could be an important diagnostic character to distinguish P. dorsipapillatus from other Pholoides species. Sequence information on three different gene fragments, the mitochondrial COI and 16S and the nuclear H3a, were obtained, and could serve for future phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. 

A comparison of the early developmental morphologies of Aponogeton madagascariensis and A. boivinianus

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian N. Dauphinee ◽  
Christian R. Lacroix ◽  
Arunika H.L.A.N. Gunawardena
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Development ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Developmental

Aponogeton madagascariensis (Mirb.) H. Bruggen is an aquatic monocot that develops perforations in its leaves through developmentally regulated programmed cell death (PCD). Aponogeton boivinianus Baill. ex Jum. is a close relative found in comparable environments with leaves that have a similar shape with no perforations. Little is known about the early developmental morphology of the family. This study characterized and compared these two species via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy using both fresh and fixed specimens. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) of A. madagascariensis was significantly larger than that of A. boivinianus, but there was no difference in phyllotaxy observed, as both exhibited a 2/5 spiral pattern. A novel technique using serial dissections and SEM of fresh, hydrated specimens revealed that there are 16 plastochrons before perforation formation in A. madagascariensis and 34 plastochrons until a similar developmental stage in A. boivinianus. The effects on early development of A. madagascariensis plants with supressed ethylene production were also analyzed. Ethylene inhibition alters leaf development by blocking PCD, but had no significant effect on the SAM morphology or early leaf development in A. madagascariensis.

Phylogeny, evolution and systematic revision of the mite harvestman family Neogoveidae (Opiliones Cyphophthalmi)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia R. Benavides ◽  
Gustavo Hormiga ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa

Mite harvestmen of the family Neogoveidae have a tropical trans-Atlantic distribution with representatives in equatorial West Africa and the Neotropics, specifically in the south-east region of the USA and in northern South America, being conspicuously absent from Central America. We provide a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family including representatives of all genera but the monotypic Tucanogovea Karaman, 2013, and new information on the type species described by Jochen Martens in 1969 that were unavailable for molecular study until now: Brasiliogovea microphaga, Metagovea oviformis and ‘? Gen. enigmaticus’. Additionally, we revisit the somatic and male genitalic morphology of representatives of all genera by means of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and describe the new genera Leggogovia Benavides & Giribet, gen. nov., Microgovia Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, gen. nov., Waiwaigovia Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, gen. nov. and 13 new species: Brasiliogovea aphantostylus Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Brasiliogovea microstylus Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Brasiliogovea yacambuensis Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Metagovea matapi Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Metagovea planada Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Microgovia chenepau Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Neogovea branstetteri Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Neogovea enigmatica Martens, sp. nov., Neogovea matawai Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia montealensis Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia prietoi Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia putnami Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov. and Waiwaigovia schultzi Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian inference support the monophyly of Neogoveidae and a sister group relationship of Neogoveidae + Ogoveidae with Troglosironidae (a clade named Sternophthalmi). Relationships among neogoveid genera are largely congruent between methods as follows: ((Leggogovia gen. nov., Metasiro), (Parogovia, ((Canga, Microgovia gen. nov.), ((Brasiliogovea, Neogovea), (Huitaca, (Waiwaigovia gen. nov., Metagovea)))))). In light of our results, the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Metagovea oviformis Martens, 1969 is transferred to Microgovia, gen. nov.; Parogovia pabsgarnoni Legg, 1990 is transferred to Leggogovia, gen. nov.; ‘? Gen. enigmaticus Martens, 1969’ is an invalid name according to the ICZN; the corresponding taxon is redescribed and formally named as Neogovea enigmatica Martens, sp. nov.

scholarly journals Recent speciation and hybridization in Icelandic deep-sea isopods: an integrative approach using genomics and proteomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Paulus ◽  
Saskia Brix ◽  
Annabelle Siebert ◽  
Pedro Martínez Arbizu ◽  
Sven Rossel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Genomics And Proteomics ◽  
Wide Range

The isopod species Haploniscus bicuspis (G.O. Sars, 1877) shows circum-Icelandic distribution in a wide range of environmental conditions and along well-known geographic barriers, such as the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe (GIF) Ridge. We wanted to explore population genetics, phylogeography and cryptic speciation as well as to investigate whether previously described, but unaccepted subspecies have any merit. Using the same set of specimens, we combined mitochondrial COI sequences, thousands of nuclear loci (ddRAD), and proteomic profiles, plus selected morphological characters using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Five divergent genetic lineages were identified by COI and ddRAD, two south and three north of the GIF Ridge. Assignment of populations to the three northern lineages varied and detailed analyses revealed hybridization and gene flow between them, suggesting a single northern species with a complex phylogeographic history. No apparent hybridization was observed among lineages south of the Ridge, inferring the existence of two more species. Differences in proteomic profiles between the three putative species were minimal, implying an ongoing or recent speciation process. Population differentiation was high, even among closely associated populations, and higher in mitochondrial COI than nuclear ddRAD loci. Gene flow is apparently male-biased, leading to hybrid zones and instances of complete exchange of the local nuclear genome through immigrating males. This study did not confirm the existence of subspecies defined by male characters, which probably characterize different male developmental stages present in all species.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and morphological discord indicates introgressive hybridisation in two genera of Australian millipedes (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 809 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Decker
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Introgressive Hybridisation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Discord between molecular and morphological datasets was observed in two pairs of species of Australian millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae using morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis (mitochondrial COI rDNA and 16 rRNA, and nuclear 28S rRNA). Close to the presumed distributional boundary between Pogonosternumnigrovirgatum (Carl, 1912) and Pogonosternumjeekeli Decker, 2017, near Dargo in Central Gippsland, Victoria, Pogonosternum specimens were collected which are phylogenetically closer to P.jeekeli in COI and 16S sequences, but are morphologically closer to P.nigrovirgatum. At Mount Osmond, Adelaide, South Australia, eight morphologically typical Somethuscastaneus (Attems, 1944) specimens were collected are phylogenetically closer to S.castaneus in 28S genealogy, but three of the eight are closer to S.lancearius Jeekel, 2002 in COI genealogy. These two cases are discussed in terms of hybridisation, past introgressive hybridisation events and aberrant morphology.

Corrigendum to: Phylogeny, evolution and systematic revision of the mite harvestman family Neogoveidae (Opiliones Cyphophthalmi)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia R. Benavides ◽  
Gustavo Hormiga ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa

Mite harvestmen of the family Neogoveidae have a tropical trans-Atlantic distribution with representatives in equatorial West Africa and the Neotropics, specifically in the south-east region of the USA and in northern South America, being conspicuously absent from Central America. We provide a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family including representatives of all genera but the monotypic Tucanogovea Karaman, 2013, and new information on the type species described by Jochen Martens in 1969 that were unavailable for molecular study until now: Brasiliogovea microphaga, Metagovea oviformis and ‘? Gen. enigmaticus'. Additionally, we revisit the somatic and male genitalic morphology of representatives of all genera by means of scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and describe the new genera Leggogovia Benavides & Giribet, gen. nov., Microgovia Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, gen. nov., Waiwaigovia Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, gen. nov. and 13 new species: Brasiliogovea aphantostylus Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Brasiliogovea microstylus Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Brasiliogovea yacambuensis Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Metagovea matapi Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Metagovea planada Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Microgovia chenepau Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Neogovea branstetteri Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Neogovea enigmatica Martens, sp. nov., Neogovea matawai Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia montealensis Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia prietoi Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov., Parogovia putnami Benavides & Giribet, sp. nov. and Waiwaigovia schultzi Benavides, Hormiga & Giribet, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian inference support the monophyly of Neogoveidae and a sister group relationship of Neogoveidae + Ogoveidae with Troglosironidae (a clade named Sternophthalmi). Relationships among neogoveid genera are largely congruent between methods as follows: ((Leggogovia gen. nov., Metasiro), (Parogovia, ((Canga, Microgovia gen. nov.), ((Brasiliogovea, Neogovea), (Huitaca, (Waiwaigovia gen. nov., Metagovea)))))). In light of our results, the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Metagovea oviformis Martens, 1969 is transferred to Microgovia, gen. nov.; Parogovia pabsgarnoni Legg, 1990 is transferred to Leggogovia, gen. nov.; ‘? Gen. enigmaticus Martens, 1969' is an invalid name according to the ICZN; the corresponding taxon is redescribed and formally named as Neogovea enigmatica Martens, sp. nov.

scholarly journals Iron encrustations on filamentous algae colonized by <i>Gallionella</i>-related bacteria in a metal-polluted freshwater stream

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 5277-5289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Mori ◽  
T. R. Neu ◽  
S. Lu ◽  
M. Händel ◽  
K. U. Totsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Algae

Abstract. Filamentous macroscopic algae were observed in slightly acidic to circumneutral (pH 5.9–6.5), metal-rich stream water that leaked out from a former uranium mining district (Ronneburg, Germany). These algae differed in color and morphology and were encrusted with Fe-deposits. To elucidate their potential interaction with Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB), we collected algal samples at three time points during summer 2013 and studied the algae-bacteria-mineral compositions via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and a 16S and 18S rRNA gene-based bacterial and algae community analysis. Surprisingly, sequencing analysis of 18S rRNA gene regions of green and brown algae revealed high homologies with the freshwater algae Tribonema (99.9–100 %). CLSM imaging indicated a loss of active chloroplasts in the algae cells, which may be responsible for the change in color in

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