scholarly journals Discovery of an additional piece of the large gymnophthalmid puzzle: a new genus and species of stream spiny lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae) from the western Guiana Shield in Venezuela

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4950 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-320
Author(s):  
FERNANDO J.M. ROJAS-RUNJAIC ◽  
CÉSAR L. BARRIO-AMORÓS ◽  
J. CELSA SEÑARIS ◽  
IGNACIO DE LA RIVA ◽  
SANTIAGO CASTROVIEJO-FISHER
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
International Union ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Data Deficient

Gymnophthalmids are a highly diverse group of Neotropical lizards and its species richness is still in process of discovery. The incorporation of molecular evidence and a noticeable increase in taxon and geographic sampling in systematic studies has led to the description of numerous new genera and species of gymnophthalmids (particularly in Cercosaurinae) in recent years. Herein we describe a new genus and species of cercosaurine lizard with crocodile-like morphology, from the Venezuelan Guiana Shield on the basis of molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence. Kataphraktosaurus gen. nov. can be readily distinguished from all other genera of Cercosaurinae by a unique combination of morphological characters that includes heterogeneous dorsal scalation with enlarged and strongly keeled scales forming two paravertebral rows, ventral and subcaudal scales imbricated and strongly keeled, large and symmetrical cephalic scales, absence of postmental scale, palpebral disc translucent and divided, tail slightly compressed, all digits clawed, and only six femoral pores (three at each hindlimb) inserted in a clump of small scales. This genus is described as monotypic and only contains Kataphraktosaurus ungerhamiltoni sp. nov., which is known from one specimen and diagnosed by the same set of aforementioned characters. The secretive habits of this species and the remoteness of the locality may explain its singleton situation. Following the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s criteria, we categorized the new species as Data Deficient. 

A new genus and species of enigmatic gorgonian coral from the Ryukyu Archipelago, northwestern Pacific, with a discussion of calcaxonian systematics (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4701 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-433
Author(s):  
GARY C. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Gorgonian Coral ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Western Pacific

A new genus and species of flagelliform gorgonian coral is described from mesophotic depth in the western Pacific Ocean. The new taxon exhibits calcaxonian morphological characters and shares affinities to both the clade that includes the Chrysogorgiidae, Primnoidae, and Isididae, as well as the clade that includes the Ellisellidae and the Pennatulacea. Based on morphology alone, placement in a new family is likely justifiable, since it exhibits some characters similar to several diverse calcaxonian taxa, and has unique features as well, but such an outcome awaits supporting molecular evidence. The new genus and species is remarkable among most octocorals in that it has an axis that is quadrangular in transverse section as in the calcaxonian Flagelligorgia gracilis and the pennatulacean Funiculina quadrangularis, and an apparently uniform, solid, highly calcified axial structure that lacks concentric layers or prismatic radiating wedges. In addition, it has distinctive sclerites of the surface coenenchyme that are predominantly elongate warty spindles with median waists, some of which superficially resemble sclerites found in some species of ellisellid gorgonians, but also exhibit ultrastructural features that differentiate them. 

Morphological phylogeny of the family Actinostolidae (Anthozoa:Actiniaria) with description of a new genus and species of hydrothermal vent sea anemone redefining the family Actinoscyphiidae

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Rodríguez ◽  
Christopher N. Castorani ◽  
Marymegan Daly
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
New Genus ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Family

We describe a new genus and species of hydrothermal vent sea anemone from the eastern north Pacific Ocean. The combination of characters in Alvinactis reu, gen. et sp. nov. is unique among currently known genera of the actiniarian superfamily Mesomyaria; most notable among its external features is a belt of verrucae and cinclides in the distal column. We assess the placement of Alvinactis, gen. nov. and evaluate taxonomic features used to distinguish groups within Actinostolidae Carlgren, 1893 and Actinoscyphiidae Stephenson, 1920 with a cladistic analysis of morphological characters. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Alvinactis, gen. nov. and several genera previously ascribed to Actinostolidae belong in Actinoscyphiidae. Morphological evidence fails to support monophyly of Actinostolidae, but does support monophyly of the previously proposed subfamily Actinostolinae.

A new enigmatic genus of subterranean amphipod (Amphipoda : Bogidielloidea) from Terrell County, Texas, with the establishment of Parabogidiellidae, fam. nov., and notes on the family Bogidiellidae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Cannizzaro ◽  
J. R. Gibson ◽  
T. R. Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Large Distribution

The superfamily Bogidielloidea is one of the most wide-ranging hypogean amphipod taxa currently known, comprising over 130 species in 43 genera occurring on every continent except Antarctica. This large distribution among such cryptic organisms is curious, especially when combined with weak morphological characters uniting the superfamily. A unique new genus and species of bogidielloid amphipod, Simplexia longicrus, gen. et sp. nov., described from Terrell County, Texas, sheds light on the evolutionary relationships within this grouping. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the order Amphipoda using two nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene reveal that this species and the sympatric Parabogidiella americana form a clade removed from other sequenced members of Bogidiellidae sensu stricto, and, as such, the two species are placed in the newly erected Parabogidiellidae, fam. nov. Additional phylogenetic analyses of the cosmopolitan Bogidiellidae are recommended to further resolve its systematics.

A new genus and species of the trematode family Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 from an unexpected, but plausible, host, Kyphosus cornelii (Perciformes: Kyphosidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (07) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Huston ◽  
Terrence L. Miller ◽  
Scott C. Cutmore ◽  
Thomas H. Cribb
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Herbivorous Fishes ◽  
Temperate Reefs ◽  
Interesting Pattern ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Partitioning Pattern

AbstractThe Enenteridae Yamaguti, 1958 and Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929 exhibit an interesting pattern of host partitioning in herbivorous fishes of the Indo-West Pacific. Enenterids are known almost exclusively from fishes of the family Kyphosidae, a group of herbivorous marine fishes common on tropical and temperate reefs. In contrast, gyliauchenids are found in most of the remaining lineages of marine herbivorous fishes, but until the present study, had never been known from kyphosids. Here we report on the first species of gyliauchenid known from a kyphosid. Endochortophagus protoporus gen. nov., sp. nov. was recovered from the Western buffalo bream, Kyphosus cornelii (Whitley, 1944), collected off Western Australia. Kyphosus cornelii also hosts an enenterid, Koseiria allanwilliamsi Bray & Cribb, 2002, and is thus the first fish known in which enenterids and gyliauchenids co-occur. Molecular phylogenetic analyses place the new species close to those of Affecauda Hall & Chambers, 1999 and Flagellotrema Ozaki, 1936, but there is sufficient morphological evidence, combined with the unusual host, to consider it distinct from these genera. We discuss factors which may have contributed to the host partitioning pattern observed between enenterids and gyliauchenids.

Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 499 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-60
Author(s):  
ELTON M. C. LEME ◽  
GEORG ZIZKA ◽  
JURAJ PAULE ◽  
JULIÁN AGUIRRE-SANTORO ◽  
SASCHA HELLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Growth ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Inflorescence Structure ◽  
First Time ◽  
Important Character

Generic status for the Amazonian Hylaeaicum is proposed within the Aechmea alliance, excluding it from the “Nidularioid complex” in general and from Neoregelia in particular. The monophyly of this new genus is supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses. The taxonomic circumscription of Hylaeaicum is based on the combination of geographical range and morphological characters, such as clonal growth, inflorescence structure, petal and corolla conformation, petal appendages, ovary, ovule, stigma, pollen, fruit, and seed, as well as seed anatomy, thoroughly documented and illustrated from field-collected specimens that flowered in cultivation in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, and in Refúgio dos Gravatás. The presence of seeds with long bicaudate appendages on both chalazal and micropylar ends is reported for the first time in Bromelioideae and considered an important character to distinguish Hylaeaicum from the related genera in the Aechmea alliance. In order to support the morphological distinctness of Hylaeaicum, the most varied and complete documentation of stigmata, fruits, and seeds of Bromelioideae is also presented for the first time, covering 24 genera and 17 subgenera. Fourteen new combinations, including 12 species and two varieties, are proposed.

scholarly journals Claviplatys henryi, a new genus and species of Plataspidae from southern India (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 397-408
Author(s):  
Dávid Rédei ◽  
Zdeněk Jindra
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Southern India ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Systematic Relationships

Claviplatysgen. n. and its type species C.henryisp. n. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae: Plataspinae) are described from Kerala, India. The new genus is related to the Indomalayan genera Heterocrates Amyot & Serville, 1843, Cratoplatys Montandon, 1894, and Cronion Bergroth, 1891, but differs from them and all other plataspid genera by the peculiarly modified antenna. The morphological characters and systematic relationships of the above genera are discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological evidence reveal a new genus and species in Auriculariales from tropical China

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Sheng Yuan ◽  
Xu Lu ◽  
Cony Decock
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Tropical China

Grammatuslabyrinthinusgen. et sp. nov. is proposed based on DNA sequences data and morphological characteristics. It is known so far from southern, tropical China. The new species is characterised by an annual, resupinate basidiocarp with a shallow, subporoid hymenophore, a hymenium restricted to the bottom of the tubes, a dimitic hyphal system, presence of encrusted skeletocystidia and dendrohyphidia, longitudinally septate basidia and smooth, oblong-ellipsoid to cylindrical, acyanophilous basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS + nLSU DNA sequences data indicate that G.labyrinthinus belongs to Auriculariaceae in which it has an isolated position. Phylogenetic inferences show G.labyrinthinus to be related to Heteroradulum. However, the ITS sequences similarity between G.labyrinthinus and H.kmetii, the type species of Heteroradulum, were 89.84% and support the establishment of the new genus. Inversely, Heteroradulumsemis clustered with G.labyrinthinus with strong support and it is transferred to Grammatus.

Gymnesigobius medits (Teleostei: Gobiidae), a new gobiid genus and species from the western Mediterranean slope bottoms

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4651 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-530
Author(s):  
MARCELO KOVAČIĆ ◽  
FRANCESC ORDINES ◽  
SERGIO RAMIREZ-AMARO ◽  
ULRICH K. SCHLIEWEN
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Posterior Edge ◽  
Superior Part ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Pelvic Fin

A new genus and species of goby, Gymnesigobius medits sp. nov., is described from the western Mediterranean slope bottoms at the Balearic Islands. The new goby belongs to the Gobius-lineage (Gobiinae). Examination of the single known specimen exhibits a unique combination of morphological characters which could not be fitted to any known genus. Gymnesigobius gen. nov. is morphologically distinguished from all other genera in the Gobius-lineage by the following combination of characters: chin without fold or barbels; mouth terminal with anterior tip above horizontal level of lower eye edge; predorsal area and first dorsal fin base naked; pelvic fin anterior membrane well developed; head with anterior oculoscapular and preopercular canals, posterior oculoscapular canal absent; pores of head canals enlarged, e.g. pores α and ρ larger or of about the same size as interspaces to pore β; six transverse suborbital rows of sensory papillae, four continuous suborbital rows in front of row b, fifth row divided in three parts but in front of row b, sixth row just as superior part above row b and below pore α; longitudinal suborbital row b barely reaching forward to the vertical from posterior edge of eye. A full description of the new genus and species is provided. The new species, collected at a depth of between 344 and 364 m (mean depth of 354 m), is one of very few gobiid species found at bathyal depths. 

Phylogenetics of the mycoheterotrophic genus Thismia (Thismiaceae: Dioscoreales) with a focus on the Old World taxa: delineation of novel natural groups and insights into the evolution of morphological traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A Shepeleva ◽  
Mikhail I Schelkunov ◽  
Michal Hroneš ◽  
Michal Sochor ◽  
Martin Dančák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Old World ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Floral Characters

Abstract Thismia is a genus of > 80 mycoheterotrophic species characterized by a peculiar appearance and complex floral morphology. A significant proportion of the species and morphological diversity of Thismia has only been uncovered in the past two decades, and new discoveries continue to be made. Given that many new data have recently become available, and the most comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus from 1938 addresses less than half of the currently known species, previous hypotheses for species relationships and infrageneric taxonomic classification in Thismia was in need of review. Extensive molecular phylogenetic studies of Thismia at the genus level have never been presented. We investigate the phylogenetic relationships of 41 species (and one variety) of Thismia from the Old World. Our study comprises 68 specimens (for 28 of which the data were newly generated), including outgroup taxa broadly representing Thismiaceae (= Burmanniaceae p.p. sensuAPG IV, 2016), and is based on two nuclear and one mitochondrial marker. We use maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to infer relationships among the taxa. We also constructed a morphological dataset of 12 mostly floral characters, comparing these characters to hypotheses based on molecular evidence to identify putative synapomorphies for major clades and to discuss hypotheses regarding the evolution of structural traits in the genus. Our analyses indicate that the majority of currently accepted infrageneric taxa of Thismia are polyphyletic. We find support for the monophyly of the Old World group, in which we recognize five well-supported lineages (clades); the only New World species studied appears to be related to the Neotropical genus Tiputinia. Ancestral state reconstructions demonstrate that the evolution of most morphological characters was homoplastic, but we identify characters that provide each of the five clades of Old World Thismia with a unique morphological description. The geographical distribution of the species under study is also shown to be consistent with the major clades. Our investigation provides a phylogenetic basis for the development of a novel sectional classification of Thismia reflecting morphological and geographical traits.

scholarly journals Burmese amber reveals a new stem lineage of whirligig beetle (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) based on the larval stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 1232-1248
Author(s):  
Grey T Gustafson ◽  
Mariano C Michat ◽  
Michael Balke
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Stem Lineage ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Mass Extinction Event

Abstract Burmese amber is well known for preserving unique extinct lineages of insects. Here, we describe a new fossil beetle in its larval stage from Burmese amber. Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic analysis of 50 morphological characters support this fossil as being sister to both the tribes Dineutini and Orectochilini, representing an extinct stem lineage in Gyrininae. It is described here as a new genus and species of whirligig beetle, Chimerogyrus gigagalea gen. & sp. nov., a taxon that preserves remarkable intermediate features between the whirligig beetle tribe Gyrinini and the crown Orectochilini and Dineutini. This new taxon preserves key features for studying the evolution of characters within the larval stage of the Gyrinidae and highlights the importance of Burmese amber for preserving both stem and crown lineages present during the mid-Cretaceous, before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction event.

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