Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 499 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-60
Author(s):  
ELTON M. C. LEME ◽  
GEORG ZIZKA ◽  
JURAJ PAULE ◽  
JULIÁN AGUIRRE-SANTORO ◽  
SASCHA HELLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Growth ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Inflorescence Structure ◽  
First Time ◽  
Important Character

Generic status for the Amazonian Hylaeaicum is proposed within the Aechmea alliance, excluding it from the “Nidularioid complex” in general and from Neoregelia in particular. The monophyly of this new genus is supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses. The taxonomic circumscription of Hylaeaicum is based on the combination of geographical range and morphological characters, such as clonal growth, inflorescence structure, petal and corolla conformation, petal appendages, ovary, ovule, stigma, pollen, fruit, and seed, as well as seed anatomy, thoroughly documented and illustrated from field-collected specimens that flowered in cultivation in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, and in Refúgio dos Gravatás. The presence of seeds with long bicaudate appendages on both chalazal and micropylar ends is reported for the first time in Bromelioideae and considered an important character to distinguish Hylaeaicum from the related genera in the Aechmea alliance. In order to support the morphological distinctness of Hylaeaicum, the most varied and complete documentation of stigmata, fruits, and seeds of Bromelioideae is also presented for the first time, covering 24 genera and 17 subgenera. Fourteen new combinations, including 12 species and two varieties, are proposed.

scholarly journals A revision of dragon millipedes I: genus Desmoxytes Chamberlin, 1923, with the description of eight new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 1-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruttapon Srisonchai ◽  
Henrik Enghoff ◽  
Natdanai Likhitrakarn ◽  
Somsak Panha
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time

The dragon millipede genusDesmoxytess.l. is split into five genera, based on morphological characters and preliminary molecular phylogenetic analyses. The present article includes a review ofDesmoxytess.s., while future articles will deal withHylomusCook and Loomis, 1924 and three new genera which preliminarily are referred to as the ‘acantherpestes’, ‘gigas’, and ‘spiny’ groups. Diagnostic morphological characters of each group are discussed.Hylomusis resurrected as a valid genus and the following 33 species are assigned to it:H.asper(Attems, 1937),comb. n.,H.cattienensis(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.cervarius(Attems, 1953),comb. n.,H.cornutus(Zhang & Li, 1982),comb. n.,H.dracoCook & Loomis, 1924,stat. rev.,H.enghoffi(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.eupterygotus(Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012),comb. n.,H.getuhensis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.grandis(Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016),comb. n.,H.hostilis(Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994),comb. n.,H.jeekeli(Golovatch & Enghoff, 1994),comb. n.,H.lingulatus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.laticollis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.longispinus(Loksa, 1960),comb. n.,H.lui(Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012),comb. n.,H.minutuberculus(Zhang, 1986),comb. n.,H.nodulosus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.parvulus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2014),comb. n.,H.phasmoides(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.pilosus(Attems, 1937),comb. n.,H.proximus(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.rhinoceros(Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015),comb. n.,H.rhinoparvus(Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015),comb. n.,H.scolopendroides(Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010),comb. n.,H.scutigeroides(Golovatch, Geoffroy & Mauriès, 2010),comb. n.,H.similis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.simplex(Golovatch, VandenSpiegel & Semenyuk, 2016),comb. n.,H.simplipodus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.specialis(Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005),comb. n.,H.spectabilis(Attems, 1937),comb. n.,H.spinitergus(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.,H.spinissimus(Golovatch, Li, Liu & Geoffroy, 2012),comb. n.andH.variabilis(Liu, Golovatch & Tian, 2016),comb. n.Desmoxytess.s. includes the following species:D.breviverpaSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.cervina(Pocock,1895);D.delfae(Jeekel, 1964);D.desSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.pinnasqualiSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.planata(Pocock, 1895);D.purpuroseaEnghoff, Sutcharit & Panha, 2007;D.takensisSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha, 2016;D.taurina(Pocock, 1895);D.terae(Jeekel, 1964), all of which are re-described based mainly on type material. Two new synonyms are proposed:DesmoxytespterygotaGolovatch & Enghoff, 1994,syn. n.(=Desmoxytescervina(Pocock, 1895)),DesmoxytesrubraGolovatch & Enghoff, 1994,syn. n.(=Desmoxytesdelfae(Jeekel, 1964)). Six new species are described from Thailand:D.aurataSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.corythosaurusSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.eurosSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.flabellaSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.golovatchiSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.,D.octoconigeraSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n., as well as one from Malaysia:D.perakensisSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n., and one from Myanmar:D.waepyanensisSrisonchai, Enghoff & Panha,sp. n.The species can mostly be easily distinguished by gonopod structure in combination with other external characters; some cases of particularly similar congeners are discussed. All species ofDesmoxytess.s. seem to be endemic to continental Southeast Asia (except the ‘tramp’ speciesD.planata). Some biological observations (relationship with mites, moulting) are recorded for the first time. Complete illustrations of external morphological characters, an identification key, and distribution maps of all species are provided.

Molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological variation point to taxonomic problems among four genera of parasitoid doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gebiola ◽  
Antonio P. Garonna ◽  
Umberto Bernardo ◽  
Sergey A. Belokobylskij
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Doryctinae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) is a large and diverse subfamily of parasitic wasps that has received much attention recently, with new species and genera described and phylogenies based on morphological and/or molecular data that have improved higher-level classification and species delimitation. However, the status of several genera is still unresolved, if not controversial. Here we focus on two related groups of such genera, Dendrosoter Wesmael–Caenopachys Foerster and Ecphylus Foerster–Sycosoter Picard & Lichtenstein. We integrated morphological and molecular (COI and 28S–D2 genes) evidence to highlight, by phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian) and a posteriori morphological examination, previously overlooked variation, which is here illustrated and discussed. Monophyly of Dendrosoter and Caenopachys and the presence of synapomorphic morphological characters support synonymy of Caenopachys under Dendrosoter. Low genetic differentiation and high variability for putatively diagnostic morphological characters found in both C. hartigii (Ratzeburg) and C. caenopachoides (Ruschka) supports synonymy of D. caenopachoides under D. hartigii, syn. nov. Morphological and molecular evidence together also indicate independent generic status for Sycosoter, stat. rev., which is here resurrected. This work represents a further advancement in the framework of the ongoing effort to improve systematics and classification of the subfamily Doryctinae.

scholarly journals Cibaomyces, a new genus of Physalacriaceae from East Asia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yan-Jia ◽  
Qin Jiao ◽  
Yang Zhu-Liang
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Thin Walled

A new genus in Physalacriaceae, Cibaomyces, typified by C. glutinis, is described using morphological and molecular evidence. Cibaomyces is morphologically characterized by the combination of the following characters: basidioma small to medium-sized, collybioid to tricholomatoid; pileus viscid; hymenophore sinuate to subdecurrent, relatively distant, with brown lamellar edge; stipe sticky and densely covered with felted squamules; basidiospores thin-walled, ornamented with finger-like projections; cystidia nearly cylindrical, thin-walled, often heavily incrusted. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using DNA nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA loci indicated that Cibaomyces was related to Gloiocephala, Laccariopsis and Rhizomarasmius. A description, line drawings, phylogenetic placement and comparison with allied taxa are presented. 

Monograph of Elaphoglossum sect. Polytrichia subsect. Apoda (Dryopteridaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando B. Matos ◽  
Josmaily L&#243riga ◽  
Robbin C. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Character State ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

We present a monographic treatment for the 13 species of Elaphoglossum sect. Polytrichia subsect. Apoda (Dryopteridaceae). Molecular phylogenetic analyses have recovered this subsection as monophyletic within the so-called “subulate-scaled clade” of Elaphoglossum. Morphologically, the species of E. subsect. Apoda are usually characterized by the presence of brightly colored stem scales (yellowish, orangish, orreddish, as opposed to castaneous to black), evenly distributed subulate scales on laminar surfaces, tiny glandular hairs on different parts of the leaves, and adult sterile leaves without hydathodes. The species can be divided into two groups: one with subsessile and the other with long-petiolate leaves. Elaphoglossum subsection Apoda is distributed from southern Mexico and the Antilles to Bolivia and midwestern Brazil. Elaphoglossum atehortuae, a new species from the Amazon region of Ecuador, is described, illustrated, and compared to its most similar species. It is unusual within this group for lacking subulate scales on both surfaces of the laminae, a character state that it shares with E. backhouseanum. Two species, E. polyblepharum and E. trichophorum, are included in the group for the first time, whereas E. procurrens and E. siliquoides are excluded based on morphological characters and previously published molecular phylogenies. We also provide comments for E. ×morphohybridum, which is a hybrid between E. alvaradoanum and E. crinitum. Lectotypes are designated for Acrostichum apodum, A. platyneuron, A. cubense, A. procurrens, A. trichophorum, and Elaphoglossum auripilum, and epitypes are designated for A. apodum. To facilitate the identification of species, we provide keys, descriptions, illustrations, comments, synonyms, distribution maps, spore images, and a list of specimens examined.

scholarly journals Ligninsphaeria jonesii gen. et. sp. nov., a remarkable bamboo inhabiting ascomycete

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIN-FENG ZHANG ◽  
JIAN-KUI LIU ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
YONG-XIANG LIU ◽  
ALI H. BAHKALI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Distinct Lineage

A new ascomycete species, inhabiting decaying bamboo culms, is introduced in this paper based on morphology and molecular evidence. Analyses of partial LSU sequence data place the taxon in a monophyletic clade within the order Pleosporales. Morphological characters of the taxon are also distinct from other members of Pleosporales. Ligninsphaeria jonesii gen. et sp. nov. is therefore introduced to accommodate the new taxon, which is characterized by its clypeate, scattered, deeply immersed ascomata, with a slit-like opening, long ostioles, cellular pseudoparaphyses, clavate asci containing broad-fusiform and 1-septate ascospores surrounded by a gelatinous cap at both ends. The phylogenetic analyses show that the new taxon is phylogenetically close but distinct from the families Amniculicolaceae and Testudinaceae, and forms a distinct clade from other taxa in Pleosporales. The new taxon is described and compared with similar taxa. A new genus Ligninsphaeria (Pleosporales, incertae sedis) is introduced to accommodate this distinct lineage.

Five new morphological types of virgulate and microcotylous xiphidiocercariae based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Shchenkov ◽  
S.A. Denisova ◽  
G.A. Kremnev ◽  
A.A. Dobrovolskij
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

Abstract The phylogenetic position of most xiphidiocercariae from subgroups Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae remains unknown or unclear, even at the family level. In this paper, we studied the morphology and molecular phylogeny of 15 microcotylous and virgulate cercariae (11 new and four previously described ones). Based on morphological and molecular data, we suggested five distinct morphological types of xiphidiocercariae, which are a practical alternative to Cercariae virgulae and Cercariae microcotylae subgroups. Four of these types correspond to actual digenean taxa (Microphallidae, Lecithodendriidae, Pleurogenidae and Prosthogonimidae), while the fifth is represented by Cercaria nigrospora Wergun, 1957, which we classified on the basis of molecular data for the first time. We reassessed the relative importance of morphological characters used for the classification of virgulate and microcotylous cercariae, and discussed the main evolutionary trends within xiphidiocercariae. Now stylet cercariae can be reliably placed into several sub-taxa of Microphalloidea on the basis of their morphological features.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a taxonomically unstable ranid from Sumatra, Indonesia, reveals a new genus with gastromyzophorous tadpoles and two new species

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umilaela Arifin ◽  
Utpal Smart ◽  
Stefan T. Hertwig ◽  
Eric N. Smith ◽  
Djoko T. Iskandar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two New Species

The presence of an adhesive abdominal sucker (gastromyzophory) allows tadpoles of certain species of anurans to live in fast-flowing streams. Gastromyzophorous tadpoles are rare among anurans, known only in certain American bufonids and Asian ranids. To date,Huia sumatrana, which inhabits cascading streams, has been the only Sumatran ranid known to possess gastromyzophorous tadpoles. In the absence of thorough sampling and molecular barcoding of adults and larvae, it has remained to be confirmed whether other Sumatran ranid species living in similar habitats, i.e.,Chalcorana crassiovis, possesses this larval type. Moreover, the taxonomic status of this species has long been uncertain and its taxonomic position within the Ranidae, previously based exclusively on morphological characters, has remained unresolved. To study the diversity and relationships of these frogs and to establish the identity of newly collected gastromyzophorous tadpoles from Sumatra, we compared genetic sequences ofC. crassiovis-like taxa from a wide range of sites on Sumatra. We conducted bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses on a concatenated dataset of mitochondrial (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and tRNAval) and nuclear (RAG1 and TYR) gene fragments. Our analyses recoveredC. crassiovisto be related toClinotarsus,Huia, andMeristogenys. The DNA barcodes of the gastromyzophorous tadpoles matched adults from the same sites. Herein, we provide a re-description of adultC. crassiovisand propose “C. kampeni” as a synonym of this species. The molecular evidence, morphological features, and distribution suggest the presence of two related new species. The two new species andC. crassiovistogether represent a distinct phylogenetic clade possessing unique molecular and morphological synapomorphies, thus warranting a new genus.

scholarly journals Discovery of an additional piece of the large gymnophthalmid puzzle: a new genus and species of stream spiny lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae) from the western Guiana Shield in Venezuela

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4950 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-320
Author(s):  
FERNANDO J.M. ROJAS-RUNJAIC ◽  
CÉSAR L. BARRIO-AMORÓS ◽  
J. CELSA SEÑARIS ◽  
IGNACIO DE LA RIVA ◽  
SANTIAGO CASTROVIEJO-FISHER
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Guiana Shield ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
International Union ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Data Deficient

Gymnophthalmids are a highly diverse group of Neotropical lizards and its species richness is still in process of discovery. The incorporation of molecular evidence and a noticeable increase in taxon and geographic sampling in systematic studies has led to the description of numerous new genera and species of gymnophthalmids (particularly in Cercosaurinae) in recent years. Herein we describe a new genus and species of cercosaurine lizard with crocodile-like morphology, from the Venezuelan Guiana Shield on the basis of molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence. Kataphraktosaurus gen. nov. can be readily distinguished from all other genera of Cercosaurinae by a unique combination of morphological characters that includes heterogeneous dorsal scalation with enlarged and strongly keeled scales forming two paravertebral rows, ventral and subcaudal scales imbricated and strongly keeled, large and symmetrical cephalic scales, absence of postmental scale, palpebral disc translucent and divided, tail slightly compressed, all digits clawed, and only six femoral pores (three at each hindlimb) inserted in a clump of small scales. This genus is described as monotypic and only contains Kataphraktosaurus ungerhamiltoni sp. nov., which is known from one specimen and diagnosed by the same set of aforementioned characters. The secretive habits of this species and the remoteness of the locality may explain its singleton situation. Following the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s criteria, we categorized the new species as Data Deficient. 

A new enigmatic genus of subterranean amphipod (Amphipoda : Bogidielloidea) from Terrell County, Texas, with the establishment of Parabogidiellidae, fam. nov., and notes on the family Bogidiellidae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Cannizzaro ◽  
J. R. Gibson ◽  
T. R. Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Large Distribution

The superfamily Bogidielloidea is one of the most wide-ranging hypogean amphipod taxa currently known, comprising over 130 species in 43 genera occurring on every continent except Antarctica. This large distribution among such cryptic organisms is curious, especially when combined with weak morphological characters uniting the superfamily. A unique new genus and species of bogidielloid amphipod, Simplexia longicrus, gen. et sp. nov., described from Terrell County, Texas, sheds light on the evolutionary relationships within this grouping. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the order Amphipoda using two nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene reveal that this species and the sympatric Parabogidiella americana form a clade removed from other sequenced members of Bogidiellidae sensu stricto, and, as such, the two species are placed in the newly erected Parabogidiellidae, fam. nov. Additional phylogenetic analyses of the cosmopolitan Bogidiellidae are recommended to further resolve its systematics.

scholarly journals Hymenoporus paradoxus gen. et sp. nov., a striking fungus of the family Omphalotaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with tubular hymenophore

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenko Tkalčec ◽  
Armin Mešić ◽  
Chun-Ying Deng ◽  
Bruna Pleše ◽  
Helena Ćetković
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Micromorphological Characters

Hymenoporus paradoxus, a new marasmioid fungal species belonging to the new genus is described from southern China. It differs from all other marasmioid species by a true tubular hymenophore, a character previously unknown in marasmioid fungi, and from all other tubular agarics by a hymenophore attached to a free collarium, and central, tough, dark and filiform stipe. The additional diagnostic characters are small basidiocarps, mostly convex pileus, smooth, hyaline, non-amyloid spores, densely packed dendriform cheilocystidia, and pileipellis composed of repent hyphae densely covered with simple to coralloid excrescences, intermixed with dendriform cells. As peculiar morphological characters had indicated, molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the 28S rDNA sequences confirm phylogenetic position of the new species in Omphalotaceae and a need to establish a new genus. Color photographs of macro- and micromorphological characters, SEM microphotographs, and a phylogenetic tree based on the partial 28S rDNA gene are provided.

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