scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolates from Clinical Samples in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Abdulhadi Sale Kumurya
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Samples

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Plasmid Profiles of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gaurav Agrahari ◽  
Amrit Koirala ◽  
Roshan Thapa ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Reshma Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), showing resistance to several antibiotics is a global health problem associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Antibiotic susceptibility test is a commonly used method to characterize MRSA in epidemiologic studies. Additionally, plasmid profile has been reported to be useful in tracing the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance. This research was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of MRSA isolated from clinical samples at KIST Medical College, Imadol, Kathmandu, Nepal. All the clinical specimens sent to the laboratory were processed by standard microbiological techniques and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Further, plasmid profiling was done by Alkaline-lysis method. A total of 27 (38.02%) MRSA were isolated from 71 S. aureus positive samples. MRSA showed the highest resistance towards penicillin (92.60%) and ampicillin (92.60%). In contrast, high levels of sensitivity were shown towards vancomycin (85.19%) and tetracycline (85.19%). Out of 27 MRSA positive samples, single plasmids were isolated from only 6 (22.22%) MRSA isolates. Antibiograms alone are inadequate to accomplish the characterization of MRSA during epidemiological studies. However, plasmid profile analysis in conjunction with the antibiotic susceptibility pattern is valuable in the epidemiological investigation of MRSA, and for reducing MRSA prevalence and treatment cost.

scholarly journals Phenotypic analysis and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kiambu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sani Iliya ◽  
Jonathan Mwangi ◽  
Ronald Maathai ◽  
Mary Muriuki
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes illness to people and can be picked up from both healthcare facilities and the environment leading to high morbidity and mortality. The study was aimed at identifying phenotypic characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of clinical samples isolated from patients attending or admitted in two health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. Methodology: One hundred and thirty-eight (138) clinical samples were collected from patients attending Thika and Kiambu Level-5 Hospitals. The isolates were obtained using standard bacteriological techniques. Methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was determined using the cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Results: Out of 138 samples, 54 (39.1%) were found to have Staphylococcus aureus of which 22 (40.7%) were shown to be MRSA using the cefoxitin- based susceptibility test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using Kirby-Bauer technique was performed on all 54 isolates. The highest sensitivity was found in chloramphenicol 46 (85.2%) and lowest in penicillin-G 8 (14.8%). Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) was reported in 35 (64.8%) of the 54 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. All 22 MRSA strains were found to be MDR. Conclusions: the data obtained revealed that there is presence of MRSA in healthcare settings in Kiambu County, Kenya with varying antibiotic sensitivity patterns as well as multidrug resistance. The findings will help healthcare workers in the county to develop preventive strategy as well as institute policy for antibiotic usage, infection control and surveillance.

scholarly journals Characterisation of classical enterotoxins, virulence activity, and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Thai fermented pork sausages, clinical samples, and healthy carriers in northeastern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297
Author(s):  
Wanwisa Sankomkai ◽  
Wongwarut Boonyanugomol ◽  
Kairin Kraisriwattana ◽  
Julalak Nutchanon ◽  
Kraisorn Boonsam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pork Sausage ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Pork Sausages ◽  
Healthy Carriers ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

AbstractIntroductionContamination by Staphylococcus aureus of food produced from animal sources may have diverse and multifactorial causes that depend on geographical distribution. The goal of this study was to isolate and characterise S. aureus strains from contaminated fermented pork sausage, which is a local food of northeastern Thailand.Material and MethodsS. aureus strains were isolated from local pork sausage, and the presence of classical enterotoxins was determined by PCR and reversed passive latex agglutination. These results were compared with strains derived from hospitalised patients and healthy carriers. Additionally, production of extracellular enzymes and haemolysin, biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility were assessed.ResultsS. aureus was identified in 36 sausage isolates (60%). The strains positive for staphylococcal enterotoxin A were more frequently found in isolates from sausage and healthy carriers than in those from patients. All tested S. aureus strains were positive for DNase, lipase, proteinase, haemolysin, and biofilm formation; notably, strains isolated from food and healthy carriers displayed similar values. Most isolates were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, while none were to methicillin.ConclusionsThai fermented pork sausages are associated with a high risk of staphylococcal food poisoning, which may be linked to contamination caused by carriers. Dissemination of knowledge regarding best practices in sanitation and hygiene is important in local communities.

scholarly journals The Resistance of Staphylococcus Species to Different Antibiotics in Al-Kharj City

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Staphylococcus Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

Introduction: Infections caused by Staphylococcus species can spread not only in hospitals but also in the community and in other healthcare institutions. These organisms were known for its capability to acquire resistance to various classes of antibiotics. Methods: The antibiotic susceptibility and resistance rates of S. aureus strains isolated from numerous clinical samples at a public hospital in Al-kharj city were collected from the monthly antibiogram prepared by the laboratory department in the hospital. Results: The bacterial culture results found that there were 450 Staphylococcus species; the majority of bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus. Some medications such as Vancomycin, Linezolid still very effective in treating Staphylococcus infections. Conclusion: S. aureus infections were common in Alkharj city and the resistance is widespread for staphylococci species, mainly MRSA. To reduce the resistance rate antimicrobial stewardship programs should be implemented and antibiotic susceptibility should be monitored continuously.

scholarly journals Prevalence of constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care institute in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3120
Author(s):  
Jeevan Shetty ◽  
Zarrin Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance

Background: Clindamycin is an important drug used in the treatment of Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) as well as in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. This drug is widely used in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by them. Therapeutic failure caused by macrolide-lincosamine-streptogramin B constitutive and inducible clindamycin resistance (MLSBc and MLSBi) is being more commonly reported.Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of six months from October 2016 to March 2017 to know the incidence of MLSBc and MLSBi in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates obtained in our hospital by D-test as per CLSI guidelines. A total of 130 isolates of S.aureus were obtained from different clinical specimens which included pus/ wound swab (n=266), urine (n=577), sputum (n=225), blood (n=221), throat swab (n=71), ear/eye discharge (n=21), high vaginal swab (n=20) and body fluids (n=50). All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Amoxyclav, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Co-trimoxazole, Tetracycline, Ofloxacin, Gentamicin, Linezolid and Vancomycin were the antibiotics used.Results: Out of 130 (8.9%) isolates of S. aureus obtained from 1451 clinical samples, 82 (63.1%) were found to be MSSA and 48 (36.9%) were MRSA. Among S. aureus, 43 (33.1%) isolates showed MLSBc resistance, 22 (16.9%) isolates showed MLSBi resistance and 20 (15.4%) isolates showed MS phenotype. The remaining 45 (34.6%) isolates remained sensitive to Erythromycin. Among MSSA, MLSBc were observed in 18 (22%) isolates and MLSBi in 9 (11%) while in MRSA, MLSBc were observed in 25 (52.1%) isolates and MLSBi in 13 (27.1%) isolates. Almost all clinical isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Linezolid in routine antibiotic susceptibility testing. Both MLSBc and MLSBi resistance was significantly higher (p<0.05) in MRSA than in MSSA.Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of conducting D test along with routine antibiotic susceptibility testing for better utilization of clindamycin in S. aureus infections.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profiles of Pyogenic Wound Infection among Adults with Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Onwuezobe ◽  
P. C. Matthew ◽  
A. O. Oyoyo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Tertiary Teaching

Aims: A wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria either singly or in combination has been implicated in pyogenic wound infection and this has been associated with treatment failures due to antibiotic resistance. This study aims at investigating the agents of pyogenic wound infection and their antibiotic susceptibility. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the only tertiary Teaching Hospital in Uyo, Nigeria and carried out on 136 wound samples. Place and Duration of Study: University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria, between April and October, 2018. Methodology: Aspirated pus or wound swab samples were collected and inoculated on two separate agar plates containing 25% Sheep Blood and incubated aerobically and anaerobically at 37°C for 48 – 72 hours. Identification of isolates was performed following standard procedures. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 136 collected wound samples from 76 (55.9%) males and 60 (44.1%) females patients from ages 20 to 70 years and above, 127 (93.4%) had growth of different bacterial isolates totaling 214 in number. Among these were aerobes 132 (61.6%) anaerobes 82 (38.4%). The Gram-negative aerobes had the highest prevalence 81 (37.9%), while the Gram-positive anaerobes 20 (9.4%) was the least prevalent. Staphylococcus aureus, 44 (86.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 24 (29.6%), were the predominant Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes respectively. Peptococci spp. 8 (40%) and Bacteriodes fragilis 28 (54.9%) were the predominant Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes respectively. Some rarely reported pathogens revealed include Acinetobacter iwoffi, Enterobacter cloacae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1(1.2%) and they showed 100% resistance to all tested antibiotics. The majority of the Gram-positive aerobes 29 (56.9%) were Vancomycin resistant and there was also an increasing prevalence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (45%). Conclusion: The bacterial agents causing pyogenic wound infection in Uyo comprised of 61.6% aerobes and 38.4% anaerobes. Some rarely reported bacteria such as Enterobacter cloacae and A. iwofii implicated in the infections were resistant to all commonly used antibiotics including Imipenem, a reserved antibiotic. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest cause of pyogenic wound infection and up to 45% of them were Methicillin resistant.

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