scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Plasmid Profiles of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gaurav Agrahari ◽  
Amrit Koirala ◽  
Roshan Thapa ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Reshma Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), showing resistance to several antibiotics is a global health problem associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Antibiotic susceptibility test is a commonly used method to characterize MRSA in epidemiologic studies. Additionally, plasmid profile has been reported to be useful in tracing the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance. This research was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of MRSA isolated from clinical samples at KIST Medical College, Imadol, Kathmandu, Nepal. All the clinical specimens sent to the laboratory were processed by standard microbiological techniques and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Further, plasmid profiling was done by Alkaline-lysis method. A total of 27 (38.02%) MRSA were isolated from 71 S. aureus positive samples. MRSA showed the highest resistance towards penicillin (92.60%) and ampicillin (92.60%). In contrast, high levels of sensitivity were shown towards vancomycin (85.19%) and tetracycline (85.19%). Out of 27 MRSA positive samples, single plasmids were isolated from only 6 (22.22%) MRSA isolates. Antibiograms alone are inadequate to accomplish the characterization of MRSA during epidemiological studies. However, plasmid profile analysis in conjunction with the antibiotic susceptibility pattern is valuable in the epidemiological investigation of MRSA, and for reducing MRSA prevalence and treatment cost.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Patients Hospitalized during 2015–2017 in Hospitals in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kot ◽  
Kamila Wierzchowska ◽  
Małgorzata Piechota ◽  
Agata Grużewska
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Spa Gene

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from clinical samples from patients hospitalized during 2015–2017 in hospitals of ­Masovian district in Poland. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial resistance of 112 MRSA isolates was tested with a disc diffusion method. Isolates were examined for methicillin resistance using a 30 µg cefoxitin disk. Resistance was confirmed by PCR detection of the mecA gene. PCR was also used to determine spa gene polymorphism in X-region. Results: A large number of MRSA isolates showed resistance to levofloxacin (83.9%), ciprofloxacin (83%), erythromycin (77.7%) and clindamycin (72.3%). A lower number of MRSA isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (10.7%), amikacin (14.2%), gentamicin and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole (8.0%). None of the MRSA isolates were resistant to linezolid and teicoplanin. Among MRSA isolates, 92.9% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was the most common resistance pattern among MDR MRSA isolates. The highest number of isolates was resistant to 4 groups of antimicrobials (53.8%). The number of drugs to which MRSA isolates were resistant in 2017 was significantly higher than that in 2016 (p = 0.002). The size polymorphism analysis of X fragment of the spa gene revealed high genetic diversity of the investigated group MRSA isolates. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that in the hospital environment, MRSA isolates can quickly acquire new antimicrobial resistance determinants and that knowledge of current resistance patterns is important for the effective treatment of infections caused by MDR MRSA.

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Products and Anterior Nares of Dairy Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Ranjana K.C. ◽  
Ganga Timilsina ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Supriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Dairy Workers

Objectives: To isolate methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy products and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods: Swab samples collected from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy product (butter) were inoculated into mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Identification was done based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining, catalase, oxidase and coagulase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was confirmed by using cefoxitin disc. Results: A total of 109 S. aureus (98 from dairy workers and 11 from butter samples) were isolated. Out of them 32 MRSA were isolated from dairy workers and 4 from butter samples. The association between age group and MRSA was found insignificant (p = 0.115). The association of MRSA between male and female workers was found significant (>0.05). About 86% of the MRSA isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin (86.11%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (77.78%). Conclusion: Detection of MRSA among dairy workers and dairy products warrants proper handling and adequate control measures to prevent transmission of MRSA from dairy industry.

scholarly journals Trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Shakhaowat Hossain ◽  
Md Babul Aktar ◽  
Nusrat Akhtar Juyee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens is a growing concern for health. It is a great concern around the globe about the threat of increasing antimicrobial resistance. In response to this concerns, medical experts have proposed initiatives to curtail the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. We have taken this surveillance study in KYAMCH to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of MRSA from different clinical samples and to record its current status to commonly used anti Staphylococcus antibiotics.Methods: The clinical samples were taken to the laboratory and within four hours cultured for isolates and identification pathogens. Finally, antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Results: More than 80% of MRSA isolates were resistant to ampicillin (98%) followed by amoxicillin, cefixime and azithromycin with 94%, 93.5% and 85% respectively and maximum sensitivity toward tobramycin with 86% followed by 85% gentamicin and 79% meropenem.Conclusion: The detected trend in antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in this study is alarming. This has created a huge clinical burden in the hospital settings as well as in the community.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 6-10

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from four teaching hospitals in Iran: The emergence of Novel MRSA ST- SCCmec clones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Firoozeh ◽  
Mitra Omidi ◽  
Mahmood Saffari ◽  
Hossein Sedaghat ◽  
Mohammad Zibaei
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Type V ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background: The global spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections necessitates the use of validated methods for the identification and typing of this bacterium. This study aimed to determine the distribution of main molecular types of MRSA strain circulating among hospitalized patients in teaching hospitals in Isfahan and Kashan. Methods: A total of 146 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from patients in four teaching hospitals in Isfahan and Kashan during June 2017 to September 2018. The antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains were performed by disc diffusion method. The MRSA strains were identified phenotypically and confirmed by PCR assay. The prevalence of microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) genes among MRSA strains was evaluated by multiplex PCR. The genotypes of MRSA strains were determined by multi-locus sequence type and SCC mec typing. Results: Of 146 Staphylococcus aureus isolates 24 (16.4%) isolates identified as MRSA strains. According to antibiotic susceptibility testing the highest resistance rates were seen to erythromycin, cefoxitin and clindamycin. All of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to vancomycin whereas 3 (2.1%) isolates were resistant to linezolid. Three different SCC mec types were obtained among MRSA strains including 16 (66.7%) SCC mec type V, 3 (12.5%) SCC mec type III and 5 (20.8%) SCC mec type II. Of 24 MRSA isolates 20 (83.3%) carried MSCRAMMs genes including eno (70.8%), fib (54.1%) , cna (25.0%), fnbB (16.6%) , ebps 5 (20.8%), and fnbA , bbp and clfA genes were not detected. MLST analysis revealed 11 sequence types among MRSA isolates as follows: ST239, ST239, ST291, ST22, ST861, ST 889, ST8, ST59, ST343, ST772, ST6 and ST1465. Also seven MLST-based clonal complexes (CCs) were identified among MRSA strains including: CC8, CC7, CC398, CC59, CC22, CC1 and CC5. Conclusions: A relatively high diversity was found in MRSA genotypes in Kashan and Isfahan hospitals, and seven clonal complexes were identified. Pandemic MRSA clones including CC8 and CC22 were the most prevalent clones and the novel ST types including ST1465, ST861, ST 889 and ST772 are reported for the first time in Iran in the present study. In addition the high prevalence of MSCRAMMs genes in MRSA isolates demonstrates the high potential of these strains for pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 078-081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Arora ◽  
Pushpa Devi ◽  
Usha Arora ◽  
Bimla Devi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

ABSTRACT Aim: The emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has posed a serious therapeutic challenge. We report the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA in the hospitals attached to GMC, Amritsar, Punjab. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 250 coagulase-positive staphylococci (COPS) isolated from a total of 6743 clinical specimens (like pus, blood, urine, high vaginal swab, sputum, etc.) of patients admitted in hospitals attached to Government Medical College, Amritsar from January 2008−February 2009. Routine antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted as per standard guidelines. Methicillin resistance was detected using oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion method, oxacillin screen agar method, and minimum inhibitory concentration using broth macrodilution method. Results: A total of 115 (46%) strains were found to be methicillin resistant. Multidrug resistance was observed in 73% MRSA strains. However, no strain was resistant to vancomycin. Conclusion: Regular surveillance of hospital-associated infection and monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is required to reduce MRSA prevalence.

scholarly journals Phenotypic study of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and their relationship with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Tertiary Care in Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Bigu Kumar Chaudhari ◽  
Kamal Prasad Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Constitutive Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Background Resistance to antimicrobial agents is prevalent among Staphylococci. This has led to wide uses of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. MLSB though chemically distinct, have similar target site and mode of action. The multiple mechanisms are responsible for resistance to MLSB antibiotics which can lead to clinical failure. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of inducible and constitutive clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of S. aureus and their relationship with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).Material & Methods A total of 336 unique Staphylococcus aureus isolates from different clinical samples obtained from patients were studied. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. “D test” was performed to detect inducible clindamycin resistance as per CLSI guidelines. MRSA was detected using Cefoxitin (30μg) and results were interpreted according to CLSI criteria.Results Inducible clindamycin resistance was seen in 45 (13.39%), constitutive clindamycin resistance was seen among 58 (17.26%) while MS phenotype was observed among 38(11.30%) of isolates. Inducible resistance as well as constitutive resistance was higher among MRSA as compared to MSSA (21.11%, 4.48% and 21.11%, 12.82%respectively).Conclusion The Successful use of clindamycin for the treatment of infection caused by S. aureus can be predicted based on the result of simple and inexpensive D test.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 5, Number 1, Issue 8, January-July 2016, 1-5

scholarly journals Phenotypic analysis and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kiambu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sani Iliya ◽  
Jonathan Mwangi ◽  
Ronald Maathai ◽  
Mary Muriuki
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes illness to people and can be picked up from both healthcare facilities and the environment leading to high morbidity and mortality. The study was aimed at identifying phenotypic characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of clinical samples isolated from patients attending or admitted in two health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. Methodology: One hundred and thirty-eight (138) clinical samples were collected from patients attending Thika and Kiambu Level-5 Hospitals. The isolates were obtained using standard bacteriological techniques. Methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was determined using the cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Results: Out of 138 samples, 54 (39.1%) were found to have Staphylococcus aureus of which 22 (40.7%) were shown to be MRSA using the cefoxitin- based susceptibility test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using Kirby-Bauer technique was performed on all 54 isolates. The highest sensitivity was found in chloramphenicol 46 (85.2%) and lowest in penicillin-G 8 (14.8%). Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) was reported in 35 (64.8%) of the 54 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. All 22 MRSA strains were found to be MDR. Conclusions: the data obtained revealed that there is presence of MRSA in healthcare settings in Kiambu County, Kenya with varying antibiotic sensitivity patterns as well as multidrug resistance. The findings will help healthcare workers in the county to develop preventive strategy as well as institute policy for antibiotic usage, infection control and surveillance.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 398 as a Major MRSA Lineage in Dogs and Cats in Thailand

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Surawit Chueahiran ◽  
Jitrapa Yindee ◽  
Pongthai Boonkham ◽  
Nipattra Suanpairintr ◽  
Pattrarat Chanchaithong
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Class A ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Mrsa St398

The aim of this study was to present molecular and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex (CC) 398 isolated from diseased dogs and cats in Thailand. A total of 20 MRSA isolates of 134 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from canine and feline clinical samples during 2017–2020 were CC398, consisting of sequence type (ST) 398 (18 isolates), ST5926 (1 isolate), and ST6563 (1 isolate) by multilocus sequence typing. spa t034 and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) V were predominantly associated with ST398. Intraclonal differentiation was present by additional spa (t1255, t4653), non-detectable spa, composite SCCmec with a hybrid of ccrA1B1+ccrC and class A mec complex, and DNA fingerprints by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The isolates essentially carried antimicrobial resistance genes, mediating multiple resistance to β-lactams (mecA, blaZ), tetracyclines [tet(M)], aminoglycosides [aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia], and trimethoprim (dfr). Livestock-associated MRSA ST398 resistance genes including lnu(B), lsa(E), spw, fexA, and tet(L) were heterogeneously found and lost in subpopulation, with the absence or presence of additional erm(A), erm(B), and ileS2 genes that corresponded to resistance phenotypes. As only a single CC398 was detected with the presence of intraclonal variation, CC398 seems to be the successful MRSA clone colonizing in small animals as a pet-associated MRSA in Thailand.

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