Enhanced CH4 Production from Corn Stover by Simultaneous Lime Treatment

Calcium hydroxide (lime) treatment and solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) of corn stover (CS) were carried out simultaneously with different lime doses (0, 2, 3.5, and 5%) and feedstock to seed sludge (F/S) ratios (6, 8, and 10). It was found that the addition of 3.5% lime improved CH4 yield from 118 mL/g VS to 182 mL/g VS (54% increase) during SSAD of CS when F/S ratio was at 6. The improved CH4 production is consistent with increased relative abundance of several microbes that might play important roles in biomass degradation and CH4 generation. At higher F/S ratios (8 and 10), SSADs with different lime doses (0–5%) were all upset with accumulation of volatile fatty acids. Addition of 3.5% lime can obtain a net benefit of $18.4/tonne TS which are 44% of the gross benefit of power production ($41.5/tonne TS) via SSAD of CS and combined heat and power system.

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Increasing 2 -Bio- (H2 and CH4) production from food waste by combining two-stage anaerobic digestion and electrodialysis for continuous volatile fatty acids removal

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2021.05.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Gamal K. Hassan ◽

Rhys Jon Jones ◽

Jaime Massanet-Nicolau ◽

Richard Dinsdale ◽

M.M. Abo-Aly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Food Waste ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Two Stage ◽

Ch4 Production

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Enteric methane emissions in response to ruminal inoculation of Propionibacterium strains in beef cattle fed a mixed diet

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14801 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 1035 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Vyas ◽

A. Alazzeh ◽

S. M. McGinn ◽

T. A. McAllister ◽

O. M. Harstad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Barley Grain ◽

Mixed Diet ◽

Beef Heifers ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Barley Silage

The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of Propionibacterium strains to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions in beef heifers fed a mixed diet. An experiment was conducted with 16 ruminally cannulated beef heifers fed a basal diet consisting of 60 : 40 barley silage : barley grain (DM basis). Treatments included: (1) Control, (2) Propionibacterium freudenreichii T114, (3) P. thoenii T159, and (4) P. freudenreichii T54. Strains (1 × 1011 colony forming units) were administered daily directly into the rumen before feeding. No treatment effects were observed for DM intake (P = 0.90), mean ruminal pH (P = 0.50) and total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.44). However, compared with the Control, proportions of individual volatile fatty acids changed with acetate being less with Propionibacterium T159 (P = 0.02), whereas ruminal isobutyrate (P < 0.01) and acetate : propionate ratio (P = 0.04) were greater with Propionibacterium T114. Total daily enteric CH4 production averaged 188 g/day and was not affected by Propionbacterium strains (P = 0.51). Methane yield averaged 22 g/kg of DMI intake and tended to be greater with Propionibacterium strains (P = 0.08). The relative abundance of total Propionibacteria was greater with the inoculation of Propionibacterium T159 relative to the Control heifers (P = 0.04). In conclusion, inoculation of Propionibacterium T159 decreased ruminal acetate proportion and Propionibacterium T114 increased acetate : propionate ratio. However, inoculated strains failed to lower total CH4 emissions possibly due to the inability of Propionibacterium strains to elevate ruminal propionate concentrations.

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Novel Cu and Cu2In/aluminosilicate type catalysts for the reduction of biomass-derived volatile fatty acids to alcohols

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/s11532-012-0121-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1954-1962 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Szabolcs Harnos ◽

György Onyestyák ◽

Róbert Barthos ◽

Magdalena Štolcová ◽

Alexander Kaszonyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Copper Catalysts ◽

Biomass Degradation ◽

Copper Particles ◽

Copper Indium ◽

Synthetic Zeolites ◽

Amorphous Aluminosilicate ◽

The One ◽

Supported Copper Catalysts

AbstractThis work relates to the consecutive reduction of short chain carboxylic acids (volatile fatty acids, VFAs) to alcohols as main products. Acetic acid (AA) was used as a reactant to model the VFAs that can be produced by either thermochemical or biological biomass degradation. The amorphised zeolite supported copper catalysts (Cu/SiAl), especially the In-modified CuIn/SiAl catalysts, showed high hydroconversion activity and selectivity for alcohol, ester and aldehyde. Catalysts containing dispersed copper particles in amorphous aluminosilicate were obtained by dehydrating and H2-reducing Cu-forms of low-silica synthetic zeolites (A, X, P). The activity of the highly destructed Cu-aluminosilicates was found to depend on the structure of the zeolite precursor. The formation of ethyl acetate could be suppressed by adding water to the AA feed and by modifying the catalyst, e.g. by In2O3 additive. In the catalysts modified by In2O3 additive formation of copper-indium alloy phase (Cu2In intermetallic compound) was detected resulting in a different selectivity than the one recorded for the Cu/SiAl.

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Effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15560 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 437 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. A. Terry ◽

R. S. Ribeiro ◽

D. S. Freitas ◽

G. D. Delarota ◽

L. G. R. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Gas Production ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Total Volatile ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Ch4 Production

The present study examined the effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane (CH4) production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomised design (CRD) using a control (0% T. diversifolia) and three treatment groups with different concentrations (6.9%, 15.2%, 29.2%) of T. diversifolia, which replaced up to 15.2% and 14% dry matter (DM) of fresh sugarcane and concentrates, respectively. Ruminal fluid was obtained from two ruminally cannulated non-lactating Holstein × Zebu heifers maintained on a diet consisting of T. diversifolia, fresh sugarcane and 4 kg of concentrates. The inclusion of T. diversifolia had no effect (P ≥ 0.15) on cumulative gas production (mL, mL/g incubated DM, mL/g digested DM) or in vitro DM disappearance (%). Carbon dioxide (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.001) and CH4 (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) quadratically increased (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing concentrations of T. diversifolia replacing fresh sugarcane and concentrates. The total volatile fatty acids (mM) and acetate (A) proportion of total volatile fatty acids (mmol/100 mmol) linearly increased (P < 0.01) with the increasing inclusion of T. diversifolia. Butyrate (mmol/100 mmol) increased quadratically (P ≤ 0.02), while propionate (P; mmol/100 mmol) decreased quadratically (P < 0.02). The A : P ratio increased linearly (P < 0.0001) with increasing amounts of T. diversifolia in the diet. These results indicated that increasing the amount of Tithonia diversifolia in the substrate DM increased the A : P ratio, which resulted in a six-fold increase of CH4 production when fresh sugarcane and concentrates were replaced at up to 15.2% and 14% (DM basis), respectively.

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In vitro assessment of ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production of three species of Desmanthus for application in northern Australian grazing systems

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp17279 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 797 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sophie Vandermeulen ◽

Sultan Singh ◽

Carlos Alberto Ramírez-Restrepo ◽

Robert D. Kinley ◽

Christopher P. Gardiner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Northern Australia ◽

Rhodes Grass ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Grass Hay

Three species of Desmanthus adapted to the heavy clay soils of northern Australia were studied to determine their nutritive value and effects on in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid, compared with Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay. Leaves and stems of D. leptophyllus cv. JCU 1, D. virgatus cv. JCU 2 and D. bicornutus cv. JCU 4 were collected in summer, winter and spring of 2014 and analysed for chemical composition. Apparent digestibility as in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVD-OM) and fermentation parameters including methane (CH4) production were measured during 72-h fermentations using rumen fluid from steer donors grazing tropical grasses and legumes. Desmanthus bicornutus was on average more digestible than both D. leptophyllus and D. virgatus at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. This species also demonstrated an anti-methanogenic potential, in particular when harvested in summer with a reduction in CH4 production of 26% compared with Rhodes grass hay after 72 h of incubation. At this time point, D. leptophyllus produced higher volatile fatty acids (VFA per g of organic matter fermented) compared with the other forages. This legume also reduced the CH4 production up to 36% compared with the Rhodes grass hay reference. However, D. leptophyllus showed lower IVD-OM. Overall, Desmanthus species produced lower in vitro CH4 and lower volatile fatty acids concentration compared with the reference grass hay. These effects may be due to presence of secondary compounds such as hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins and/or their combination in Desmanthus species. The IVD-OM was influenced by the season after 72 h of incubation; the digestibility was higher in plants collected in spring. This study suggests that contrasting fermentative profiles in Desmanthus cultivars may offer the opportunity to reduce the greenhouse gas contribution of the beef industry. The next step in demonstration of these promising in vitro results is demonstration of Desmanthus in vivo as proof of concept confirming the productivity and CH4 reduction ability of these legumes in the pastoral systems of northern Australia.

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Effect of Aerobic Hydrolysis on Anaerobic Fermentation Characteristics of Various Parts of Corn Stover and the Scum Layer

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12030381 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 381 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bo Zhang ◽

Wenzhe Li ◽

Xiang Xu ◽

Pengfei Li ◽

Nan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Lignin Degradation ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Anaerobic Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Volatile Solid ◽

Two Phase ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

Lignocellulose Hydrolysis

To solve the difficulty of lignocellulose hydrolysis and the formation of crusted scum in anaerobic fermentation, various parts of corn stover, i.e., pith, rind and leaf, were subjected to a two-phase processing including aerobic hydrolysis (AH) and anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that AH significantly broke down the lignin structure of the various components of corn stover and increased the rate of lignin degradation. After 16 h of AH, the lignin degradation rates of the pith, rind and leaf were 4.20%, 3.91% and 4.90%, respectively, and the acetic acid produced accounted for more than 60% of the total amount of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol. After hydrolyzing the pith and rind for 12 h and the leaf for 8 h, the maximum methane yields of fresh mass volatile solid (VS) were 323 ml g-1, 251 ml g-1 and 264 ml g-1, respectively, which were increased by 35.02%, 30.05% and 8%, respectively, while the fermentation cycle of T90 (90% of the total gas production) was shortened by 4-5 days. After hydrolyzing the rind and leaf for 12 h and the pith for 16 h, the thicknesses of the scum layer were only 7.1%, 13.6% and 18%, respectively, of that of the untreated group, indicating that AH coupled with anaerobic fermentation can effectively degrade lignin, reduce the thickness of the scum layer and increase the methane yield.

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Increasing the Production of Volatile Fatty Acids from Corn Stover Using Bioaugmentation of a Mixed Rumen Culture with Homoacetogenic Bacteria

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Nanditha Murali ◽

Keerthi Srinivas ◽

Birgitte K. Ahring

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Acid Yield ◽

Homoacetogenic Bacteria ◽

Major Market

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) are industrially versatile chemicals and have a major market. Although currently produced from petrochemicals, chemical industries are moving towards more bio-based VFA produced from abundant, cheap and renewable sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we examined the effect of bioaugmentation with homoacetogenic bacteria for increasing VFA production in lignocellulose fermentation process. The central hypothesis of this study was that inhibition of methanogenesis in an in vitro rumen bioreactor fed with lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate increases the hydrogen partial pressure, which can be redirected towards increased VFA production, particularly acetic acid, through targeted bioaugmentation with known homoacetogenic bacteria. In this study, methanogenesis during ruminal fermentation of wet exploded corn stover was initially inhibited with 10 mM of 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES), followed by bioaugmentation with either Acetitomaculum ruminis and Acetobacterium woodii in two separate bioreactors. During the inhibition phase, we found that addition of BES decreased the acetic acid yield by 24%, while increasing headspace hydrogen from 1% to 60%. After bioaugmentation, the headspace hydrogen was consumed in both bioreactors and the concentration of acetic acids increased 45% when A. ruminis was added and 70% with A. woodii added. This paper demonstrates that mixed microbial fermentation can be manipulated to increase VFA production through bioaugmentation.

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Fermentation of wet-exploded corn stover for the production of volatile fatty acids

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 227 ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Nanditha Murali ◽

Sebastian Fernandez ◽

Birgitte Kiaer Ahring

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids

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Theoretical Methane Emission Estimation from Volatile Fatty Acids in Bovine Rumen Fluid

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7730

Author(s):

Sang-Ryong Lee ◽

Yunseo Cho ◽

Hyuck K. Ju ◽

Eunjeong Kim

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Conventional Method ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Bovine Rumen ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Improved Accuracy

Methane production from livestock farming is recognized as an important contributor to global GHGs. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) found in bovine rumen may be utilized as a substrate for methanogens to form CH4, and thus improvement of quantitative VFA measurements can help facilitate greater understanding and mitigation of CH4 production. This study aims to contribute to the development of more accurate methods for the quantification and specification of VFAs in bovine rumen. The VFAs were analyzed using the conventional method and an alternative catalytic esterification reaction (CER) method. Substantial differences in the detected concentrations of the C3+ VFAs (chain length ≥ 3) were observed between both methods, especially for butyric acid. Evaluation of the sensitivity of both methods to detecting the VFA concentrations in standard solutions confirmed that the values resulting from the CER method were closer to the known concentrations of the standard solution than those from the conventional method. The results of this study provide the first quantitative proof to show the improved accuracy of the measurements of C3+ VFAs when using the CER method compared with the conventional method. Therefore, the CER method can be recommended to analyze the VFAs found in rumen, especially butyric acid and other C3+ VFAs.

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Effect of supplementation with saponins from Yucca schidigera on ruminal methane production by Pelibuey sheep fed Pennisetum purpureum grass

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14296 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 1834 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. R. Canul-Solis ◽

A. T. Piñeiro-Vázquez ◽

E. G. Briceño-Poot ◽

A. J. Chay-Canul ◽

J. A. Alayón-Gamboa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Methane Production ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Yucca Schidigera ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Pelibuey Sheep ◽

Voluntary Intake ◽

Tropical Grass

The aim of the work was to determine the effect of increasing concentrations of saponins from Yucca schidigera in the diet on voluntary intake, rumen fermentation and methane (CH4) production in Pelibuey sheep fed a tropical grass Pennisetum purpureum. Five male sheep (32.2 ± 1.1 kg liveweight) were fed chopped P. purpureum grass in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Sheep were supplemented with 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0 g per day of saponins from Y. schidigera mixed with ground corn, before the grass was offered. Feed intake, feed refusal and total faecal output were recorded for 20 days of the adaptation period and 5 days of the experimental period. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fibre (NDFD) and acid detergent fibre (ADFD) were determined. Ruminal methane emission was estimated using stoichiometric balance and the molar proportion of volatile fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography. Voluntary intake, DMD, OMD, NDFD, ADFD, volatile fatty acids and CH4 emission were not affected (P > 0.05) by increasing inclusion levels of saponins in the ration of sheep. Nonetheless, CH4 production increased as the voluntary intake of NDF augmented. Addition of 6 g of saponins per day as a supplement to Pelibuey sheep fed a tropical grass did not affect voluntary intake and digestibility of DM, OM, NDF and ADF, or ruminal methane production.

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