Effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Terry ◽  
R. S. Ribeiro ◽  
D. S. Freitas ◽  
G. D. Delarota ◽  
L. G. R. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ch4 Production

The present study examined the effects of Tithonia diversifolia on in vitro methane (CH4) production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomised design (CRD) using a control (0% T. diversifolia) and three treatment groups with different concentrations (6.9%, 15.2%, 29.2%) of T. diversifolia, which replaced up to 15.2% and 14% dry matter (DM) of fresh sugarcane and concentrates, respectively. Ruminal fluid was obtained from two ruminally cannulated non-lactating Holstein × Zebu heifers maintained on a diet consisting of T. diversifolia, fresh sugarcane and 4 kg of concentrates. The inclusion of T. diversifolia had no effect (P ≥ 0.15) on cumulative gas production (mL, mL/g incubated DM, mL/g digested DM) or in vitro DM disappearance (%). Carbon dioxide (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.001) and CH4 (%, mL, mL/g incubated DM) quadratically increased (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing concentrations of T. diversifolia replacing fresh sugarcane and concentrates. The total volatile fatty acids (mM) and acetate (A) proportion of total volatile fatty acids (mmol/100 mmol) linearly increased (P < 0.01) with the increasing inclusion of T. diversifolia. Butyrate (mmol/100 mmol) increased quadratically (P ≤ 0.02), while propionate (P; mmol/100 mmol) decreased quadratically (P < 0.02). The A : P ratio increased linearly (P < 0.0001) with increasing amounts of T. diversifolia in the diet. These results indicated that increasing the amount of Tithonia diversifolia in the substrate DM increased the A : P ratio, which resulted in a six-fold increase of CH4 production when fresh sugarcane and concentrates were replaced at up to 15.2% and 14% (DM basis), respectively.

scholarly journals Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acids reduces in vitro methane production

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
E. Maleki ◽  
G.Y. Meng ◽  
M. Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
R. Jorfi ◽  
A. Khoddami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil (PSO) on gas and methane (CH4) production, ruminal fermentation and microbial populations under in vitro conditions. Three treatments consisting of a control diet containing 10 mg tallow (CON); the control diet with 5 mg PSO + 5 mg tallow (MPSO) and the control diet containing 10 mg PSO (HPSO) were compared. Ten mg of the experimental fat/oil samples were inserted into a gas-tight 100 mL plastic syringe containing 30 mL of an incubation inoculum and 250 mg of a basic substrate of a hay/concentrate (1/1, w/w) mixture. In vitro gas production was recorded over 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 hours, incubation was stopped, and methane production, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial counts were measured in the inoculant. Gas production at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h incubation, metabolizable energy and in vitro organic matter disappearance increased linearly and quadratically as level of PSO increased. Furthermore, the 10 mg PSO (HPSO) decreased CH4 production by 21.0% compared with the control (CON) group. There were no significant differences in total and individual VFA concentrations between different levels of PSO, except for butyric acid. After 24 h of incubation, methanogenesis decreased in the HPSO compared with the MPSO and CON treatments. In addition, total bacteria and protozoa counts increased with rising PSO levels, while population methanogenesis declined significantly. These results suggested that PSO could reduce methane emissions, which might be beneficial to nutrient utilization and growth in ruminants.

scholarly journals Combining Crude Glycerin with Chitosan Can Manipulate In Vitro Ruminal Efficiency and Inhibit Methane Synthesis

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

It was hypothesized that the combination of glycerin and chitosan improves ruminal fermentation efficiency via an enhanced propionate (C3) and reduces in vitro CH4 production. This was explored through in vitro gas production with substrates containing crude glycerin, which replaced cassava chips in the studied ration. The experimental design was organized following a 3 × 3 factorial in completely randomized design and the arrangement of treatments were different levels of crude glycerin supplementations 0, 10.5, and 21% of total mixed ration (TMR) and chitosan levels were added at 0, 1, and 2% dry matter (DM) of substrate. Then, 0.5 g of TMR substrates were added into 40 mL bottles, together with respective doses of chitosan and then incubated at 39 °C. The dietary treatments were performed in three replicates within the incubation, and incubations were repeated on three separate days (runs). No interactions were found between crude glycerin and chitosan doses in terms of theoretical maximum of asymptotic gas production (b), rate of gas production (c), the discrete lag time prior to gas production (L), or the cumulative gas production at 96 h of incubation (p > 0.05). Cumulative gas production at 96 h of incubation was similar among the doses of crude glycerin and levels of chitosan, which ranged from 64.27 to 69.66 mL/g DM basis of substrate (p > 0.05). The concentration of ruminal NH3-N after 2 and 4 h of incubation ranged from 14.61 to 17.10 mg/dL and did not change with the addition of crude glycerin with chitosan (p > 0.05). The concentration of CH4 after 2 h of incubation did not change among treatments (p > 0.05), whereas after 4 h of incubation, CH4 synthesis was significantly reduced by enhancing doses of crude glycerin and chitosan (p < 0.05). The combination of 21% of crude glycerin in TMR with 2% chitosan depressed CH4 production as much as 53.67% when compared to the non-supplemented group. No significant crude glycerin and chitosan interaction effect was detected for in vitro digestibility of nutrients after incubation for 12 and 24 h using the in vitro gas production technique (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed in total volatile fatty acids, acetate (C2) or butyrate content among treatments and between the main effects of crude glycerin with chitosan. At 4 h of incubation, ruminal C3 content and the C2 to C3 ratio changed significantly when crude glycerin and chitosan was added (p < 0.05). The 21% crude glycerin incorporate into TMR, in combination with 2% additional chitosan, increased C3 content by 26.41%, whereas the ratio of C2 to C3 was reduced by 31% when compared to the control group. Propionate concentration increased by 11.75% when increasing levels of chitosan at 2% of substrate, whereas the C2 to C3 ratio decreased by 13.99% compared to the 0% chitosan group. The inclusion of crude glycerin at 21% in TMR diets with chitosan supplementation at 2% enhanced ruminal propionate concentration and reduced methane production without causing any detrimental effect on the gas kinetics or nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals An in-vitro evaluation of the potentials of turmeric as phytogenic feed additive for rumen modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
R. Y. Aderinboye ◽  
A. O. Olanipekun
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Total Volatile

The potential risk to animal and human health in the use of antibiotic feed additives for modifying rumen fermentation has necessitated the search for natural alternatives which are generally regarded as safe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials of turmeric powder in rumen manipulation using the in vitro method. Substrate of Panicum maximum and concentrate in ratio 6: 4 with turmeric inclusion at four levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/g dry matter (DM) were used for this study. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. Approximately 200 mg of substrate in each treatment was weighed separately into 100 mL glass syringes into which 30 mL of rumen fluid and buffer solution (1:2 v/v) were added. The quantities of total gas, methane, ammonia, total volatile fatty acids production and substrate degraded were determined 48-h post incubation. Rumen bacteria, protozoa, fungi population were determined and microbial biomass was estimated. Some phytochemical constituents of turmeric were also determined using standard methods. Turmeric had a higher percentage of curcumin relative to other phytochemical contents determined. Turmeric effectively and consistently (p < 0.05) reduced gas production at levels above 5 mg/g of substrate inclusion throughout the 48-h incubation period. Similarly, turmeric reduced (p < 0.05) methane, carbon-dioxide, ammonia and total volatile fatty acids production, and substrate degradation at 10 – 15 mg/g inclusion. Rumen bacteria and protozoa reduced when turmeric was included at 10 – 15 mg/g while fungi reduction was observed at 15 mg/g of inclusion. Reduction in microbial biomass was observed at 15 mg/g of turmeric inclusion. It can be concluded from this study that turmeric inclusion above 5 mg/g DM of substrate, can modify the rumen by causing a reduction in fermentation end-products. The reduction of ammonia production at 15 mg/g which significantly reduced microbial biomass has implication for lowering microbial protein synthesis.     Le risque potentiel pour la santé animale et humaine dans l'utilisation d'additifs alimentaires antibiotiques pour modifier la fermentation du rumen a nécessité la recherche d'alternatives naturelles qui sont généralement considérées comme sûres. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer les potentiels de la poudre de curcuma dans la manipulation du rumen en utilisant la méthode in vitro. Substrat de Panicum maximum et concentré dans le rapport 6: 4 avec l'inclusion de curcuma à quatre niveaux de 0, 5, 10 et 15 mg/g de matière sèche (DM) ont été utilisés pour cette étude. L'expérience a été organisée dans une conception complètement randomisée. Environ 200 mg de substrat dans chaque traitement ont été pesés séparément dans des seringues en verre de 100 mL dans lesquelles 30 mL de liquide rumen et de solution tampon (1:2 v/v) ont été ajoutés. Les quantités totales de gaz, de méthane, d'ammoniac, de production totale d'acides gras volatils et de substrat dégradé ont été déterminées 48 h après incubation. La bactérie Rumen, le protozoaire, la population de champignons ont été déterminés et la biomasse microbienne a été estimée. Certains constituants phytochimiques du curcuma ont également été déterminés à l'aide de méthodes standard. Le curcuma avait un pourcentage plus élevé de curcumine par rapport à d'autres contenus phytochimiques déterminés. Le curcuma a réduit efficacement et systématiquement (p < 0,05) la production de gaz à des niveaux supérieurs à 5 mg/g d'inclusion du substrat tout au long de la période d'incubation de 48 h. De même, le curcuma a réduit (p < 0,05) le méthane, le dioxyde de carbone, l'ammoniac et la production totale d'acides gras volatils, et la dégradation du substrat à 10 à 15 mg/g d'inclusion. Les bactéries rumen et le protozoaire ont diminué lorsque le curcuma a été inclus à 10 – 15 mg/g tandis que la réduction des champignons a été observée à 15 mg/g d'inclusion. La réduction de la biomasse microbienne a été observée à 15 mg/g d'inclusion de curcuma. On peut conclure de cette étude que l'inclusion de curcuma au- dessus de 5 mg/g de DM de substrat, peut modifier le rumen en causant une réduction des produits finaux de fermentation. La réduction de la production d'ammoniac à 15 mg/g, ce qui a considérablement réduit la biomasse microbienne, a des répercussions sur l'abaissement de la synthèse des protéines microbiennes.    

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals Effects of Increasing Doses of Condensed Tannins Extract from Cistus ladanifer L. on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Biohydrogenation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Olinda Guerreiro ◽  
Susana P. Alves ◽  
Mónica Costa ◽  
Maria F. Duarte ◽  
Eliana Jerónimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Cistus Ladanifer ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ct Dose ◽  
Linear Decrease

Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a perennial shrub quite abundant in the Mediterranean region, and it is a rich source in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CTs). Condensed tannins from C. ladanifer were able to change the ruminal biohydrogenation (BH), increasing the t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 production. However, the adequate conditions of the C. ladanifer CTs used to optimize the production of t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 is not yet known. Thus, we tested the effect of increasing the doses of C. ladanifer CT extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter (DM)) on in vitro rumen BH. Five in vitro batch incubations replicates were conducted using an oil supplemented high-concentrate substrate, incubated for 24 h with 6 mL of buffered ruminal fluid. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and long chain fatty acids (FA) were analyzed at 0 h and 24 h, and BH of c9–18:1, c9, c12–18:2 and c9, c12, c15–18:3, and BH products yield were computed. Increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs led to a moderate linear decrease (p < 0.001) of the VFA production (a reduction of 27% with the highest dose compared to control). The disappearance of c9–18:1 and c9,c12–18:2 as well as the production of t11–18:1 and c9, t11:18:2 was not affected by increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs, and only the disappearance of c9, c12, c15–18:3 suffered a mild linear decrease (a reduction of 24% with the highest dose compared to control). Nevertheless, increasing the C. ladanifer CT dose led to a strong depression of microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production (less than 65% with the highest dose compared to control), which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities, in a possible adaptative response of microbial population to stress induced to CTs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability of C. ladanifer to modulate the ruminal BH was not verified in the current in vitro experimental conditions, emphasizing the inconsistent BH response to CTs and highlighting the need to continue seeking the optimal conditions for using CTs to improve the fatty acid profile of ruminant fat.

scholarly journals Multiple-factor associative effects of peanut shell combined with alfalfa and concentrate determined by in vitro gas production method

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Jiu Yuan ◽  
Xinjie Wan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

The associative effects (AE) between concentrate (C), peanut shell (P) and alfalfa (A) were investigated by means of an automated gas production (GP) system. The C, P and A were incubated alone or as 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70 mixtures where the C : roughage (R) ratios were 40 : 60 and 30 : 70. Samples (0.2000 ± 0.0010 g) of single feeds or mixtures were incubated for 96 h in individual bottles (100 ml) with 30 ml of buffered rumen fluid. GP parameters were analysed using a single exponential equation. After incubation, the residues were used to determine pH, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) of the incubation fluid, and their single factor AE indices (SFAEI) and multiple-factors AE indices (MFAEI) were determined. The results showed that group of 30 peanut shell had higher SFAEI of GP<sub>48 h</sub>, DMD, OMD and total volatile fatty acids (p &lt; 0.05) and MFAEI (p &lt; 0.05) than groups 60, 45 and 0 when C : R was 40 : 60. The group of 10 peanut shell showed higher SFAEI of GP<sub>48 h</sub>, DMD and OMD (p &lt; 0.05) than groups 70, 55 and 40 and MFAEI (p &lt; 0.01) when C : R was 30 : 70. It is concluded that optimal SFAEI and MFAEI were obtained when the C : P : A ratios were 40 : 30 : 30 and 30 : 10 : 60.

scholarly journals Roughage to Concentrate Ratio and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inclusion Could Modulate Feed Digestion and In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Kampanat Phesatcha ◽  
Burarat Phesatcha ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Live Yeast

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the roughage-to-concentrate (R:C) ratio and the addition of live yeast (LY) on ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane (CH4) production. The experimental design was randomly allocated according to a completely randomized design in a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement. The first factor was four rations of R:C at 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80, and the second factor was an additional four doses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (live yeast; LY) at 0, 2.0 × 106, 4.0 × 106, and 6.0 × 106 colony-forming unit (cfu), respectively. For the in vitro method, during the incubation, the gas production was noted at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The rumen solution mixture was collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h of incubating after inoculation. Cumulative gas production at 96 h was highest in the R:C ratio, at 20:80, while the addition of LY improves the kinetics and accumulation of gas (p > 0.05). Maximum in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) at 24 h after incubation were achieved at the R:C ratio 20:80 and the addition of LY at 6 × 106 cfu, which were greater than the control by 13.7% and 12.4%, respectively. Ruminal pH at 8 h after incubation decreased with an increased proportion of concentrates in the diet, whereas it was lowest when the R:C ratio was at 20:80. Increasing the proportion of a concentrate diet increased total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and propionic acid (C3), whereas the acetic acid (C2) and C2-to-C3 ratios decreased (p < 0.05). TVFA and C3 increased with the addition of LY at 6 × 106 cfu, which was greater than the control by 11.5% and 17.2%, respectively. No interaction effect was observed between the R:C ratio and LY on the CH4 concentration. The calculated ruminal CH4 production decreased with the increasing proportion of concentrates in the diet, particularly the R:C ratio at 20:80. The CH4 production for LY addition at 6 × 106 cfu was lower than the control treatment by 17.2%. Moreover, the greatest populations of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi at 8 h after incubation were found with the addition of LY at 6 × 106 cfu, which were higher than the control by 19.0%, 20.7%, and 40.4%, respectively. In conclusion, a high ratio of roughage and the concentrate and addition of LY at 6.0 × 106 cfu of the total dietary substrate could improve rumen fermentation, improve feed digestibility, and reduce the CH4 production.

Optimalisasi Penggunaan Level Sabun Kalsium Minyak Kedelai dalam Ransum Terhadap Karakteristik Fermentasi, Populasi Mikroba dan Kecernaan Nutrien Secara In Vitro Menggunakan Cairan Rumen Sapi Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Ali Bain ◽  
Komang G. Wiryawan ◽  
Dewi Apri Astuti ◽  
Chairrusyuhur Arman ◽  
Sri Suharti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Range Test

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi optimalisasi penggunaan level sabun kalsium yang berbeda dalam ransum secara in vitro terhadap karakteristik fermentasi, populasi mikroba dan kecernaan nutrien ransum, menggunakan sumber inokulum cairan rumen sapi Bali. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 jenis perlakuan dalam 3 ulangan.  Ransum penelitian terdiri atas : R1, 40% rumput lapang (RL) + 60% konsentrat (K), R2 (40% RL + 60% K, mengandungn 2.5% SCa-kedelai), R3 (40%  RL + 60% K, mengandung 5% SCa-kedelai), R4 (40%  RL + 60% K, mengandung 7.5% SCa-kedelai). Variabel yang diukur terdiri atas karakteristik fermentasi in vitro (pH, N-NH3, produksi total volatile fatty acids), populasi mikroorganisme (total bakteri dan total protozoa), dan kecernaan nutrien (kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik). Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of varians  (ANOVA) dan perbedaan antara perlakuan diuji dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, penambahan SCa-kedelai pada level yang berbeda dalam konsentrat tidak mempengaruhi pH, konsentrasi amonia, populasi mikroba, kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik fermentasi tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.002) terhadap produksi total VFA. Produksi total VFA tertinggi diperoleh pada ransum perlakuan R4 (konsentrat yang mengandung 7.5% SCa-kedelai). Produksi total VFA tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan R4 dan produksi total VFA paling rendah terjadi pada perlakuan ransum R1 (kontrol).  Produksi total VFA  ransum R1 dan R2 dan ransum R2 dan R3 tidak berbeda nyata namun produksi total VFA ransum R3 lebih tinggi dibanding ransum kontrol. Penambahan SCa-kedelai dalam konsentrat menghasilkan produksi total VFA tetinggi namun mulai menekan populasi total bakteri. Mempertimbangkan hasil peubah fermentasi dan populasi mikroba serta biaya pembuatan produk sabun kalsium, SCa-kedelai pada level 5% merupakan level penggunaan SCa-kedelai yang terbaik dalam ransum.Kata kunci: sabun kalsium, fermentasi, in vitro, kecernaanABSTRACTThe study to evaluate the optimalization the different level of soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean) in ration on in vitro fermentation using Bali cattle rumen fluid. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design with 4 different ration treatments and 3 replicates. Ration treatments were R1: 40% native grass (NG) + 60% concentrate (C), R2 : 40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 2.5% soybean oil calcium soap (CaS-soybean), and R3 (40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 5.0% CaS-soybean and R4 (40% NG + 60% C, supplemented with 7.5% CaS-soybean). Variables measured were fermentation characteristics (pH, NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids), microbial population (total bacteria and total protozoa), and nutrient digestibility (dry matter and organic matter digestibility). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatments means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results of the study  showed that the four different level of CaS-soybean in ration did not have any significant effect (P>0,05) on pH, NH3-N, total bacteria, total protozoa, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The treatments significantly increased (P<0.05) the production of total volatile fatty acids.  The highest production of total VFA was obtained from ration R4 (concentrate containing 7.5% CaS-soybean) and the lowest was obtained from treatment R1 (control). There were no significant differences between R1 and  R2, and between R2 and R3 on the total VFA production. However, the total productions of VFA in ration R3 were higher than that of the control ration. The addition of CaS-soybean in the concentrate had increased the total production of VFA, but at the same time, it began pressing the total population of bacteria. Considering the results of the fermentation variables and microbial population as well as the cost of making calcium soap products, CaS-soybean at 5% level was selected as the best level of CaS-soybean in ration.Keywords : calcium soap, fermentation, in vitro, digestibility

Beneficial effect of Rhodopseudomonas palustris on in vitro rumen digestion and fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Chen ◽  
Y.L. Wang ◽  
W.K. Wang ◽  
Z.W. Zhang ◽  
X.M. Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Metabolic Versatility

As a member of photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, which has extraordinary metabolic versatility, has been applied as one of potential probiotics in feed industry. To explore whether R. palustris can increase rumen microbial viability and thus improve microbial fermentation, a 2×5 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of R. palustris at dose rates of 0, 1.3, 2.6, 3.9, 5.2×106 cfu/ml on ruminal fermentation of two representative total mixed rations (HY, a ration for high-yield (>32 kg/d) lactating cows; LY, a ration for low-yield (<25 kg/d) lactating cows). After a 48 h in vitro rumen incubation, both rations resulted in different fermentation characteristics. The HY in comparison with LY group presented greater in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), cumulative gas production (GP48) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA, P<0.01). Increasing R. palustris addition linearly increased IVDMD (P<0.01) and GP48 (P<0.05), and the IVDMD increment in response to R. palustris addition was greater in LY than HY group (6.4% vs 1.4%). Meanwhile, increasing R. palustris addition also linearly enhanced microbial protein synthesis and increased total VFA production (P<0.01), especially in LY group (up to 21.5% and 24.5% respectively). Unchanged acetate and declined propionate in molar percentage were observed in response to the R. palustris addition. Furthermore, increasing R. palustris addition altered fermentation gas composition in which molar O2 proportion in headspace of fermentation system was linearly reduced by 46.1% in LY and 32.9% in HY group, respectively (P<0.01), and methane production in both ration groups was enhanced by 1.9-4.1% (P=0.02). In summary, the R. palustris addition exhibited high potential for promoting the growth of rumen microorganism and enhancing microbial fermentation towards non-glucogenic energy supply by maintaining an anaerobic environment to microbe equilibrium.

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