Design and Stability Improvement of Pectin-Based Red Blood Cell-Mimicking Microcapsules for Oxygen Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1798-1805
Author(s):  
Damien Phakousonh ◽  
Yale Wang ◽  
Sabrina Schlicht ◽  
Sam Wiskirchen ◽  
Trevor Bos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
The Stability

A pectin-oligochitosan microcapsule system has recently been developed for novel oxygen therapeutic design. To improve the stability of the pectin-oligochitosan microcapsules in physiological conditions, both covalent (glutaraldehyde) and noncovalent (Mn2+ and Ca2+) cross-linkers were tested. The chemistry and morphology of the microcapsules were studied using FTIR and SEM, respectively. Results showed that glutaraldehyde is an effective cross-linker, even at low concentrations and short incubation times, and the glutaraldehyde cross-linking does not negatively impact the morphology of the microcapsules. Moreover, it was confirmed that the hemoglobin could be retained within the microcapsules with a minimal release.

The Influence of Red Blood Cell Hemolysate (RBCH) on Platelet Aggregation (PA) and Release of Serotonin and β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG) in Heparinized Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP)

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Wurzinger ◽  
P. Blasberg ◽  
E. Jüngling ◽  
H. Schmid-Schönbein
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Granule Release ◽  
Control Samples

As hemolysis occurs preferentially in artificial internal organs (AIO), and thromboembolic complications are frequently seen in AIO, the influence of liberated RBC-contents on PA was investigated. To perform the experiments under the most physiological conditions, heparin was used as anticoagulant and the platelets were kept at 37°C during withdrawal, preparation, storage and aggregometry. The lysed RBC were freed of membranes and stored at 0°C until use. PA was quantitatively monitored in a defined homogenous shear field in a Couette-chamber by turbidimetry. Dense granule release was assayed using 14C-Serotonin labelled platelets. Alpha granule release was assessed via β-TG radioimmunoassay. PRP samples with added RBCH were compared with samples with ADP added in doses equivalent to that of the samples with RBCH. PA, Serotonin, and β-TG release were found to be positively correlated to the concentration of RBCH In PRP, An increase of PA and release as compared to control samples was observed above RBCH-concentratlons of ea. 0.3 g/L hemoglobin, a concentration frequently found during use of AIO. The addioion of ADP in hemolysate-equivalent doses proved to be less effective. Chromatographic assays showed that ATP, which is found in concentration about tenfold of ADP In the RBC, is broken down to ADP in PRP, thus augmenting the ADP-pool acting on platelets.

Transfer of Histidine and Xylose Across the Placenta and Into the Red Blood Cell and Amniotic Fluids

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dancis ◽  
Gordon Olsen ◽  
Gladys Folkart
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Low Concentrations

The transfer of l-histidine and d-xylose across the placenta and into the red blood cell and amniotic fluids was investigated in the guinea pig to see if a correlation existed that might be adapted to a measure of placental function. There was a rough correlation in the permeability of the red blood cell and the placenta to both substances but it was not constant. Insufficient l-histidine was transferred into the amniotic fluid under the conditions of these experiments to be accurately measured. d-Xylose was demonstrable in the amniotic fluid in relatively low concentrations, but there was no evident relation to placental permeability.

scholarly journals Human Erythrocytes Express GLUT5 and Transport Fructose

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 4190-4195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona I. Concha ◽  
Fernando V. Velásquez ◽  
Juan M. Martı́nez ◽  
Constanza Angulo ◽  
Andrea Droppelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Hexose Transporters

Abstract Although erythrocytes readily metabolize fructose, it has not been known how this sugar gains entry to the red blood cell. We present evidence indicating that human erythrocytes express the fructose transporter GLUT5, which is the major means for transporting fructose into the cell. Immunoblotting and immunolocalization experiments identified the presence of GLUT1 and GLUT5 as the main facilitative hexose transporters expressed in human erythrocytes, with GLUT2 present in lower amounts. Functional studies allowed the identification of two transporters with different kinetic properties involved in the transport of fructose in human erythrocytes. The predominant transporter (GLUT5) showed an apparent Km for fructose of approximately 10 mmol/L. Transport of low concentrations of fructose was not affected by 2-deoxy–D-glucose, a glucose analog that is transported by GLUT1 and GLUT2. Similarly, cytochalasin B, a potent inhibitor of the functional activity of GLUT1 and GLUT2, did not affect the transport of fructose in human erythrocytes. The functional properties of the fructose transporter present in human erythrocytes are consistent with a central role for GLUT5 as the physiological transporter of fructose in these cells.

Red blood cell storage affects the stability of cytosolic native protein complexes

Transfusion ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1927-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Pallotta ◽  
Sara Rinalducci ◽  
Lello Zolla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Native Protein ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cell Storage

scholarly journals Effect of Anemia, Malaria and Helminthes Infections on Stability of Red Blood Cell Iron Isotope Enrichment in Zanzibari Toddlers (P24-058-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanhui Kang ◽  
Nathaniel Baer ◽  
Mahdi Ramsan ◽  
Francoise Vermeylen ◽  
Rebecca Stoltzfus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Isotope Enrichment ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The study was undertaken to identify the impact of malarial and geo-helminthes infections on the stability of red blood cell (RBC) iron (Fe) isotope enrichment among a group of Zanzibari toddlers at high risk for parasitic infections. Methods A total of 71 toddlers (16 - 25 months) were recruited. At entry (D0), baseline blood was taken and an oral dose of 58Fe or 57Fe tracer (7 mg total Fe as FeS04) was administered to fasted toddlers. Complete stool collections were obtained for 3 days post-dosing. Blood was collected 14 (D14) and 90 days (D90) post-dosing for assessment of Fe status indicators and RBC isotopic enrichment. At D14 and D90 blood and stool samples were collected and screened for malaria parasites and geo-helminth burden respectively. Results At baseline, mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was 10.83 ± 1.46 g/dL (mean ± SD, n = 71) and 57% of toddlers were anemic (Hb < 11 g/dL). At enrollment 37% of toddlers had helminth infections, 16% had a positive blood smear for malarial parasites and 9% of all toddlers recruited were infected with both parasites. RBC Fe enrichment decreased significantly from D14 to D90 (70 days) by −2.75 ± 0.554% (n = 66). Children with lower Hb concentrations on D0 and D14 had greater loss of RBC isotope Fe enrichment over the study period of 70 days (P < 0.005, r = −0.35 and r = −0.37, n = 66). Rates of loss in RBC Fe enrichment were greater among those with helminthes (P = 0.05, n = 64) or any parasitic infection (P = 0.02, n = 65) during the study period. Children with undetectable hepcidin (<5 µg/L) on D90 had the greatest stability of RBC Fe isotope and the rate of RBC Fe loss was significantly lower than evident among children with detectable hepcidin on D90 (P = 0.003, n = 38). The rate of RBC Fe loss was not significantly influenced by gender, anthropometric measures or other iron indicators (sTfR, ferritin, body iron, EPO, CRP, folate/B 12). Additionally, the higher the % RBC Fe incorporation at D14, the higher the subsequent loss of RBC Fe enrichment over the following 70 days (P < 0.0001, n = 65, r = 0.5048). Conclusions Toddlers exhibited a significantly higher utilization of RBC Fe when they were anemic or had larger Fe demands due to parasitic infections. Funding Sources The Wellcome Trust Foundation.

Development of margination of platelet-sized particles in red blood cell suspensions flowing through Y-shaped bifurcating microchannels

Biorheology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Masako Sugihara-Seki ◽  
Tenki Onozawa ◽  
Nozomi Takinouchi ◽  
Tomoaki Itano ◽  
Junji Seki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Free Layer ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Asymmetric Distributions ◽  
Cell Free Layer

BACKGROUND: In the blood flow through microvessels, platelets exhibit enhanced concentrations in the layer free of red blood cells (cell-free layer) adjacent to the vessel wall. The motion of platelets in the cell-free layer plays an essential role in their interaction with the vessel wall, and hence it affects their functions of hemostasis and thrombosis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to estimate the diffusivity of platelet-sized particles in the transverse direction (the direction of vorticity) across the channel width in the cell-free layer by in vitro experiments for the microchannel flow of red blood cell (RBC) suspensions containing platelet-sized particles. METHODS: Fluorescence microscope observations were performed to measure the transverse distribution of spherical particles immersed in RBC suspensions flowing through a Y-shaped bifurcating microchannel. We examined the development of the particle concentration profiles along the flow direction in the daughter channels, starting from asymmetric distributions with low concentrations on the inner side of the bifurcation at the inlet of the daughter channels. RESULTS: In daughter channels of 40 μm width, reconstruction of particle margination revealed that a symmetric concentration profile was attained in ∼30 mm from the bifurcation, independent of flow rate. CONCLUSIONS: We presented experimental evidence of particle margination developing in a bifurcating flow channel where the diffusivity of 2.9-μm diameter particles was estimated to be ∼40 μm2/s at a shear rate of 1000 s−1 and hematocrit of 0.2.

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