The Effectiveness of Single Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Knee Osteoarthritis Combined with Meniscus Injury: A Randomized Trial

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Rui Jiao ◽  
Ming-Sheng Zhang ◽  
Xin-Ping Li ◽  
Shu-Qian Li ◽  
Wen-Xia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Womac Score ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Meniscus Injury

Objectives : To explore the effectiveness of single injection of platelet-rich plasma with rehabilitation therapy for knee osteoarthritis combined with meniscus injury. Methods : Forty patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to a rehabilitation group (REH group, 20 cases) receiving rehabilitation training, and a platelet-rich plasma group (PRP group, 20 cases) receiving an ultrasound-guided single injection of PRP in combination with rehabilitation training. Rehabilitation training in the two groups lasted for 2 weeks, and the patients were evaluated using the short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Western Ontario McMaster Universities index (WOMAC score), and infrared thermography (knee-joint mean temperature) before treatment, at 1 week, 1 month and 6 months after treatment. Results : Two patients were lost to follow-up in both the PRP group and the REH group. Significant reductions in pain scores, WOMAC scores and knee temperature were observed at 1 week and 1 month after treatment in both groups (p < 0.05). Significant lower SF-MPQ scores were observed in the PRP group than in the REH group at 6 months followup (p < 0.01). Similarly, the mean knee temperature was significantly lower in the PRP group than in the REH group at 6 months follow-up (p < 0.01). No severe complications occurred in either group. Conclusions: Compared to rehabilitation therapy alone, single injection of platelet-rich plasma in combination with rehabilitation therapy has beneficial effect on pain, knee function and mean knee temperature in patients with KOA combined with meniscus injury. Single injection of platelet-rich plasma combined with rehabilitation therapy has a good short-term effectiveness.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the effect of Platelet Rich Plasma in the Osteoarthritis of the Knee

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Joint Replacement ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Womac Score ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Joint Replacement Surgery ◽  
Knee Oa

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is estimated to be the fourth leading cause of disability. With prevalence as high as 17 to 60.6%. With a 100% increase in prevalence of knee osteoarthritis since the mid-20th century. No specific cure for OA appears to exist. Most of the patients have no option but to undergo joint replacement surgery which again is an option not without risk and limitations. Therefore, there is need for a treatment option which could avoid or delay a joint replacement and make patient comfortable till surgery becomes an absolute indication. The available interventional therapies are visco-supplementation and PRP therapy which help in delaying the disease progression. This study was undertaken with the aim to assess the functional outcome of the therapeutic values of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) in knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Method: The present study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly. All the patients affected by a Unilateral or Bilateral knee osteoarthritis of all radiological grades (grade 1-4), attending the department from November 2016 to October 2017 were invited to participate in the study. It is a prospectivestudy of 50 cases. The patients were administered with 3 doses of intra-articular PRP and were followed up till 6 months post PRP therapy. The cases of knee OA were radiologically classified by the Kellegren Lawrence Grade. The functional outcome in the patients was assessed by the WOMAC, IKDC and VAS scores. Results: A significant change in WOMAC score was observed. The range of change in WOMAC score at 1 week to 6 months follow-up was 9.85% to 24.84%. Changes in WOMAC score at all the follow up visits were statistically significant (p<0.001).A subsequent decline in pre-treatment VAS score (Pain) was also observed at follow up visits at 1 week (1.15±0.69; 18.18%), 3 months (2.07±1.03; 32.63%) and 6 months (2.29±1.29; 36.14%). Conclusion: PRP is a very good alternative treatment modality in patients with knee OA from KL grade 1 to grade 3 to delay the progression of the disease and also it provided significant symptomatic improvement along with improvement in the functional outcome of the patients without any severe side-effects.

scholarly journals Platelet-rich plasma as an effective biological therapy in early-stage knee osteoarthritis: One year follow up

SICOT-J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Deepak Rai ◽  
Jyotsana Singh ◽  
Thimmappa Somashekharappa ◽  
Ajit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Womac Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
One Year ◽  
Early Oa

Objective: PRP is produced by centrifugation of whole blood containing highly concentrated platelets, associated growth factors, and other bioactive agents which has been shown to provide some symptomatic relief in early knee osteoarthritis (OA). The principal objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of standardized intra-articular injection of autologous PRP in early osteoarthritis knee. Methods: A total of 98 eligible symptomatic patients received two injections of standardized PRP 3 weeks apart. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the VAS and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire before treatment and at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after treatment. Secondary objectives were safety (side effects), and the effect of PRP on the different grades of knee degeneration. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in mean VAS and WOMAC scores at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and slight loss of improvement at 1 year follow-up. There was also a correlation between the degree of degeneration and improvement in the mean scores. The decrease in mean pain score is more in grades 1 and 2 (early OA) than in grade 3. The intraarticular injection is safe, with no major complications. Conclusion: PRP is a safe and effective biological regenerative therapy for early OA Knees. It provides a significant clinical improvement in patients with some loss of improvement with time. More studies will be needed to confirm our findings.

Long-term Outcomes of Deep Brain Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain

Neurosurgery ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra G.J. Boccard ◽  
Erlick A.C. Pereira ◽  
Liz Moir ◽  
Tipu Z. Aziz ◽  
Alexander L. Green
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Euroqol 5D ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat neuropathic pain refractory to pharmacotherapy has reported variable outcomes and has gained United Kingdom but not USA regulatory approval. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess long-term efficacy of DBS for chronic neuropathic pain in a single-center case series. METHODS: Patient reported outcome measures were collated before and after surgery, using a visual analog score, short-form 36-question quality-of-life survey, McGill pain questionnaire, and EuroQol-5D questionnaires (EQ-5D and health state). RESULTS: One hundred ninety-seven patients were referred over 12 years, of whom 85 received DBS for various etiologies: 9 amputees, 7 brachial plexus injuries, 31 after stroke, 13 with spinal pathology, 15 with head and face pain, and 10 miscellaneous. Mean age at surgery was 52 years, and mean follow-up was 19.6 months. Contralateral DBS targeted the periventricular gray area (n = 33), the ventral posterior nuclei of the thalamus (n = 15), or both targets (n = 37). Almost 70% (69.4%) of patients retained implants 6 months after surgery. Thirty-nine of 59 (66%) of those implanted gained benefit and efficacy varied by etiology, improving outcomes in 89% after amputation and 70% after stroke. In this cohort, &gt;30% improvements sustained in visual analog score, McGill pain questionnaire, short-form 36-question quality-of-life survey, and EuroQol-5D questionnaire were observed in 15 patients with &gt;42 months of follow-up, with several outcome measures improving from those assessed at 1 year. CONCLUSION: DBS for pain has long-term efficacy for select etiologies. Clinical trials retaining patients in long-term follow-up are desirable to confirm findings from prospectively assessed case series.

scholarly journals Effects and safety of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA), alone and in combination, in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Zhao ◽  
Hetao Huang ◽  
Guihong Liang ◽  
Ling-feng Zeng ◽  
Weiyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Womac Function ◽  
Lequesne Index

Abstract Background Studies have shown that the combined application of hyaluronic acid (HA) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can repair degenerated cartilage and delay the progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of PRP combined with HA in the treatment of KOA compared with intra-articular injection of PRP or HA alone. Methods The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched from inception to December 2019. Two orthopaedic surgeons conducted the literature retrieval and extracted the data. Outcome indicators include the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), the Lequesne Index, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, and adverse events (AEs). Results Seven studies (5 randomized controlled trials, 2 cohort studies) with a total of 941 patients were included. In the VAS comparison after 6 months of follow-up, PRP combined with HA was more likely to reduce knee pain than PRP alone (standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.55 to -0.06; P=0.01 <0.05). PRP combined with HA for KOA achieved better improvement in WOMAC Function Score (SMD: -0.32; 95% CI: -0.54 to -0.10) and WOMAC Total Score (SMD: -0.42; 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.17) at the 12-month follow-up than the application of PRP alone. In a comparison of Lequesne Index scores at a 6-month follow-up, PRP combined with HA improved knee pain scores more than PRP alone (SMD: -0.42; 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.17). In terms of AEs, PRP combined with HA was not significantly different from PRP or HA alone (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with intra-articular injection of PRP alone, PRP combined with HA can improve WOMAC Function Scores, WOMAC Total Score, 6-month follow-up VAS ratings, and Lequesne Index scores. However, in terms of the incidence of AEs, PRP combined with HA was not significantly different from PRP or HA alone.

scholarly journals T2 mapping evaluation of changes in cartilage matrix after PRP and HA injection therapy in knee osteoarthritis: a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matjaz Vogrin ◽  
Jakob Naranda ◽  
Mario Gorenjak ◽  
Tomaz Bajec ◽  
Domen Mongus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Womac Score ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Womac Pain Score ◽  
Knee Oa

Abstract BackgroundIn this study we focused on evaluating the effect of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on the qualitative and quantitative properties of the articular cartilage in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe evaluated 264 patients undergoing treatment of moderate knee OA. Patients aged between 40 and 70 years were included with articular K-L stage ≤ 2. Patients were randomized into three groups and treated with three doses of intra-articular PRP, HA, or placebo injection. Patients were evaluated clinically and by using T2 mapping.ResultsBoth PRP (619.05 ± 243 ms; p = 2.7 × 10− 5) and HA (637.12 ± 273 ms; p = 1.×10− 4) group showed statistically significant lower post-application T2 relaxation times in comparison to the placebo group (859.80 ± 406 ms).Cartilage thickness increased significantly after PRP (2.41±0.87 vs. 2.58±0.97 mm, p=0.033) and HA (2.28±0.81 vs. 2.80±1.00 mm, p=1.8×10) applications. There was a significant decrease in WOMAC pain score by 30% (p=0,001) and the overall WOMAC score by 27 p=1.9×10-4%) in PRP group. The decrease in WOMAC pain score and the overall WOMAC score in the placebo group was similar to the results observed in the PRP group. In the HA group a significant decrease in WOMAC pain score by 14% (p=0,005) was observed only at the first follow-up, whereas no difference was observed at the second follow-up. ConclusionsT2 mapping of cartilage tissue may aid to monitor its properties after the intra-articular therapies in knee OA. However, there is a discrepancy between clinical findings and the results of T2 mapping, suggesting questionable grounds for applying intra-articular therapy.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma for the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1553-1556
Author(s):  
Adnan Qamar ◽  
Saima Naz Mohsin ◽  
Uzma Nasim Siddiqui ◽  
Sana Naz ◽  
Sana Danish
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
To Receive

Aim: To determine impact of platelet rich plasma therapy for the management of knee osteoarthritis. Study design: Prospective double-blinded, add –on randomized, placebo-controlled trial Place and duration of study: Department of Orthopedics, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 1st January 2019 to 30th June 2019 Methodology: Fifty volunteer participants fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. One hundred knees of patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Knees were assigned either of the two groups. Platelet rich plasma group which was assigned to receive 5ml of platelet rich plasma and normal saline (NS) group which was assigned to receive 5ml of NS labeled as control group. All patients given 3 successive intra-articular injections of 5 mL of autologous platelet rich plasma or 5ml of normal saline was given at weekly intervals. Patients were blinded and subjected to a standardized injection protocol and the intensity of pain was assessed on visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Results: The VAS scores decreased from 50.9±14.7 at baseline assessment to 43.6±16.2 at 1-month follow-up after completion of therapy for PRP group (p<0.0203). The improvement was maintained from the end of the therapy to 3 and 6 months’ follow-up, as measure of VAS score as 30.54±11.8 and 20.2±8.6 respectively (p<0.0001). In normal saline group, there was very slight decrease in VAS score from baseline i.e. 49.8±19.5 to 48±22.7, 44±16.6, and 42±21.7 at 1, 3 and 6 months interval. Conclusion: Platelet rich plasma therapy can provide effective pain control up to 6 months post injection in knee osteoarthritis. Key words: Platelet rich plasma (PRP), Knee osteoarthritis (OA), Pain score

scholarly journals Phase II Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Intra-articular Injection of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Platelet Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Lamo-Espinosa ◽  
Juan F. Blanco ◽  
Mikel Sánchez ◽  
Victoria Moreno ◽  
Froilán Granero-Moltó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells are a safe and promising option to treat knee osteoarthritis as previously demonstrated in different clinical trials. However, their efficacy, optimal dose and addition of adjuvants must be determined. Here, we evaluated the clinical effects of a dose of 100x106 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in combination with Platelet Rich Plasma (PRGF®) as adjuvant in a randomized clinical trial.Methods: A phase II, multicenter, randomized clinical trial with active control was conducted. Sixty patients diagnosed with knee OA were randomly assigned to 3 weekly doses of PRGF® or intraarticular administration of 100x106 cultured autologous BM-MSCs plus PRGF®. Patients were followed up for 12 months, and pain and function were assessed using VAS and WOMAC and by measuring the knee range of motion range. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging analyses were performed to analyze joint damage.Results: No adverse effects were reported after BM-MSC administration or during follow-up. According to VAS, the mean value (SD) for PRGF® and BM-MSC with PRGF® went from 5 (1.8) to 4.5 (2.2) (p=0.389) and from 5.3 (1.9) to 3.5 (2.5) (p=0.01), respectively at 12 months.. In WOMAC, the mean (SD) baseline and 12-month overall WOMAC scores in patients treated with PRGF® was 31.9 (16.2) and 22.3 (15.8) respectively (p=0.002) while that for patients treated with BM-MSC plus PRGF® was 33.4 (18.7) and 23.0 (16.6) (p=0.053). Although statistical significances between groups have been not detected, only patients being treated with BM-MSC plus PRGF® could be considered as a OA treatment responders following OARSI criteria. X-ray and MRI (WORMS protocol) revealed no changes in knee joint space width or joint damage.Conclusions: Treatment with BM-MSC associated with PRGF® was shown to be a viable therapeutic option for osteoarthritis of the knee, with clinical improvement at the end of follow-up. Further phase III clinical trials would be necessary to confirm the efficacy. Clinical Trials.gov identifier NCT02365142. Nº EudraCT: 2011-006036-23

scholarly journals Platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhu Tang ◽  
Ming Jun Nie ◽  
Jian Zhong Zhao ◽  
Guang Cheng Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Eq Vas

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection compared with hyaluronic acid (HA) injection for patients undergoing knee osteoarthritis. Methods We systematically searched electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library on January 23, 2020 to identify relevant studies issued in English languages. The outcomes evaluating the efficacy of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treatment were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores (WOMAC pain, function, stiffness, and total scores) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months; International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Lequesne Index score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, EQ-VAS scores, and KOOS scores. The pooled data were analyzed by Stata 12.0. Results A total of 20 RCTs were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection reduced pain more effectively than hyaluronic acid (HA) injection at 6-month and 12-month follow-up evaluated by WOMAC pain scores and VAS scores. EQ-VAS in the patients treated with PRP injection was lower than that in patients with HA injection at 12 months. Moreover, the patients with PRP injection had a better function recovery than those with HA injection at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up, as evaluated by WOMAC function scores. WOMAC total scores showed significant difference at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. The IKDC scores indicated PRP injection was significantly more effective than HA injection at 3 months and 6 months. However, the Lequesne Index scores, KOOS scores, and adverse events did not show any significant difference between groups. Conclusion Intra-articular PRP injection appeared to be more efficacious than HA injection for the treatment of KOA in terms of short-term functional recovery. Moreover, PRP injection was superior to HA injection in terms of long-term pain relief and function improvement. In addition, PRP injection did not increase the risk of adverse events compared to HA injection.

scholarly journals How to Choose Platelet-Rich Plasma or Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight or Obese Patients: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pan Luo ◽  
Zhencheng Xiong ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Lijun Shi ◽  
Fuqiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Better Than

Objective. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was better than hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in overweight or obese patients. Design. Two reviewers independently used the keywords combined with free words to search English-based electronic databases according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, such as PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane library. The pooled data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Results. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1096 patients were included. During the first two months of follow-up, there was no significant difference between the two groups. At the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months of follow-up, the pooled analysis showed that PRP was better than HA for the treatment of knee OA in overweight or obese patients. There were significant differences between the two groups at Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total score (3 months: MD = −1.35, [95% CI: −2.19 to −0.50], P=0.002, I2 = 0%; 6 months: MD = −7.62, [95% CI: −13.51 to −1.72], P=0.01, I2 = 88%; 12 months: MD = −12.11, [95% CI: −20.21 to −4.01], P=0.003, I2 = 94%). Conclusions. For overweight or obese patients with knee OA, intra-articular injection of PRP in a short time was not necessarily superior to HA, but long-term use was better than HA in pain and functional relief.

Quantitative Sensory Changes Following Gasserian Ganglion Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation in Patients with Medical Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Prospective Consecutive Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (05) ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Torge Huckhagel ◽  
Lars Bohlmann ◽  
Manfred Westphal ◽  
Jan Regelsberger ◽  
Iris-Carola Eichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Gasserian Ganglion ◽  
Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background and Objective Microsurgical vascular nerve decompression and percutaneous ablative interventions aiming at the Gasserian ganglion are promising treatment modalities for patients with medical refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Apart from clinical reports on a variable manifestation of facial hypoesthesia, the long-term impact of trigeminal ganglion radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) on sensory characteristics has not yet been determined using quantitative methods. Material and Methods We performed standardized quantitative sensory testing according to the established protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain in a cohort of patients with classical (n = 5) and secondary (n = 11) TN before and after percutaneous Gasserian ganglion RFT (mean follow-up: 6 months). The test battery included thermal detection and thermal pain thresholds as well as mechanical detection and mechanical pain sensitivity measures. Clinical improvement was also assessed by means of renowned pain intensity and impairment questionnaires (Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Pain Disability Index, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale), pain numeric rating scale, and anti-neuropathic medication reduction at follow-up. Results All clinical parameters developed favorably following percutaneous thermocoagulation. Only mechanical and vibration detection thresholds of the affected side of the face were located below the reference frame of the norm population before and after the procedure. Statistically significant persistent changes in quantitative sensory variables caused by the intervention could not be detected in our patient sample. Conclusion Our data suggest that TN patients improving considerably after RFT do not undergo substantial long-term alterations regarding quantitative sensory perception.

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