Effect of Crystallization on the Catalytic Cracking Performance of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 8437-8446
Author(s):  
Maojiong Cao ◽  
Youyong Su ◽  
Bing Xue ◽  
Yuxiang Yang ◽  
Xiangnong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cracking Performance ◽  
Temperature Programmed

In the research, zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5) catalyst was prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET). The catalytic products from Jatropha carcass L. oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The effects of crystallization time and crystallization temperature on catalytic cracking performance of ZSM-5 were investigated. According to the results, the catalytic cracking performance of ZSM-5 was closely associated with its pore structure. When the crystallization time was 60 h and the crystallization temperature was 170 °C, ZSM-5 with optimal catalytic cracking performance was synthesized. Catalyzed by the optimal ZSM-5, Jatropha carcass L. oil showed the liquid conversion rate of 26.60% and the acid value of 1.24 mg KOH·g−1. The main catalytic products from Jatropha carcass L. oil included benzene (10.02%), methylbenzene (20.52%), o-xylene (14.45%) and p-xylene (6.59%).

A Green Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 194308921350702
Author(s):  
Madhavi Madeti ◽  
Sharad V. Lande ◽  
Kalpana G ◽  
R. K. Mewada ◽  
R. V. Jasra
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Acidic Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Fcc Catalyst ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Temperature Programmed

We have attempted a green alternative to reuse the spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst that is used in petroleum refining industry for the upgradation and purification of various petroleum streams and residues. The spent FCC zeolite–based catalyst modified by enhancing the acidic properties by incorporating Zn and In metals in the matrix. The various prepared catalysts were systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET; adsorption isotherm) surface area. The acidity of the materials was studied by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). The well-characterized catalysts were applied for liquid phase benzylation of o-xylene using benzyl chloride.

scholarly journals Catalytic Cracking of Biodiesel Waste Using Metal Supported SBA-15 Mesoporous Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangkamon Jiraroj ◽  
Tunyatorn Tongtooltush ◽  
Joongjai Panpranot ◽  
Piyasan Praserthdam ◽  
Duangamol Tungasmita
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Pure Glycerol ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
Cracking Performance

Palladium (Pd) and aluminium (Al) supported on SBA-15 were prepared as catalysts for cracking biodiesel waste from biodiesel production. Mesoporous silica SBA-15 was first synthesized by a hydrothermal method and then loaded with Al or Pd particles were loaded using postsynthesis or aqueous wet impregnation methods, respectively. The physical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen (N2) adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The catalytic cracking performance of biodiesel waste was evaluated at reaction temperatures above 400 °C under a N2 atmosphere in a batch reactor for 40 min in comparison with that for pure glycerol, where the conversion of biodiesel waste reached 86.8% with 10 wt% Pd-SBA-15 at 650 °C. The product types depended on whether the starting material was pure glycerol or biodiesel waste. The main gaseous products were carbon monoxide as synthesis gas, carbon dioxide, and 1,3-butadiene. Additionally, 2-cyclopenten-1-one and 2-propen-1-ol were major products in the liquid fraction, which can be used in pharmaceuticals and as a flame retardant, respectively.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid using Fe/CeO2-TiO2 catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijani Hammedi ◽  
Mohamed Triki ◽  
Mayra G. Alvarez ◽  
Jordi Llorca ◽  
Abdelhamid Ghorbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Abstract This paper is built on the Fenton-like oxidation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p–HBZ) in the presence of H2O2 and 3%Fe supported on CeO2-TiO2 aerogels under mild conditions. These catalysts were deeply characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of thermal treatment, pH (2–3, 5, 7), H2O2/p–HBZ molar ratio (5, 15, 20, 25) and reaction temperature (25 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) on the catalytic properties of supported Fe catalysts are studied. Our results highlight the role of CeO2 and the calcination of the catalyst to obtain the highest catalytic properties after 10 min: 73% of p–HBZ conversion and 52% of total organic carbon (TOC) abatement.

Comparison of Cobalt Based Catalysts Supported on MWCNT and SBA-15 Supporters for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis by Using Autoclave Type Reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adkham Yakubov ◽  
M.G. Kutty ◽  
Pei Lee Siew ◽  
Maizatul S. Shaharun ◽  
S.B. Abd Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Multiwall Carbon ◽  
Autoclave Reactor

10 and 40 wt% Co/Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and 10 and 40 wt% Co/Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) catalysts were prepared via incipient wetness impregnation method. It was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, BET, X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Temperature-Programmed Reduction and H2Desorption. A 200 ml hastelloy autoclave reactor was implemented to see the performance of the catalysts. It was observed that the performance of 40 wt% Co/SBA-15 was higher that other catalysts in terms of production of longer chain paraffins.

The Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Structure of Palygorskite Used for Flue Gas SO2 Removal

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Long Zhang ◽  
Wei Ping Jiang ◽  
Xue Ping Wu ◽  
Bo Wen Shi ◽  
Bao Jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Palygorskite is widely used as industrial adsorbent and also potential for flue gas desulfurization by adsorption of SO2. The effect of thermal treatment on Palygorskite’s structural properties and its performance in SO2adsorption were investigated. The textural and structural properties of the prepared palygorskite adsorbent were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and temperature programmed desorption. The result showed the channel of Palygorskite is partial collapsed and the structure is not changed ultimately when thermally treated below 300 °C. The structure of Palygorskite is Gradually changed when the treating temperature is higher than 300 °C and is damaged entirety till 800 °C. As a result, the adsorption capacity of SO2on Palygorskite decreased drastically. It is suggested that the presences of surface adorbed water and zeolitic water which occupy a large number of adsorption sites are disadvantage for the adsorption of SO2, and dissimilarly the presence of crystal-bonded water is favorable.

Hierarchical macroparticles of ceria with tube-like shape – synthesis and properties.

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Malecka ◽  
Piotr Woźniak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Temperature Programmed Reduction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Temperature Programmed

This work presents results of a multitechnique (HRTEM – high resolution transmission electron microscopy, EDX – energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, XRD – X-ray diffraction and H2-TPR - temperature programmed reduction by...

scholarly journals Catalytic Dry Reforming and Cracking of Ethylene for Carbon Nanofilaments and Hydrogen Production Using a Catalyst Derived from a Mining Residue

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abir Azara ◽  
El-Hadi Benyoussef ◽  
Faroudja Mohellebi ◽  
Mostafa Chamoumi ◽  
François Gitzhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spent Catalysts ◽  
Temperature Programmed

In this study, iron-rich mining residue (UGSO) was used as a support to prepare a new Ni-based catalyst via a solid-state reaction protocol. Ni-UGSO with different Ni weight percentages wt.% (5, 10, and 13) were tested for C2H4 dry reforming (DR) and catalytic cracking (CC) after activation with H2. The reactions were conducted in a differential fixed-bed reactor at 550–750 °C and standard atmospheric pressure, using 0.5 g of catalyst. Pure gases were fed at a molar ratio of C2H4/CO2 = 3 for the DR reaction and C2H4/Ar = 3 for the CC reaction. The flow rate is defined by a GHSV = 4800 mLSTP/h.gcat. The catalyst performance is evaluated by calculating the C2H4 conversion as well as carbon and H2 yields. All fresh, activated, and spent catalysts, as well as deposited carbon, were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results so far show that the highest carbon and H2 yields are obtained with Ni-UGSO 13% at 750 °C for the CC reaction and at 650 °C for the DR reaction. The deposited carbon was found to be filamentous and of various sizes (i.e., diameters and lengths). The analyses of the results show that iron is responsible for the growth of carbon nanofilaments (CNF) and nickel is responsible for the split of C–C bonds. In terms of conversion and yield efficiencies, the performance of the catalytic formulations tested is proven at least equivalent to other Ni-based catalyst performances described by the literature.

scholarly journals Morphology-Dependent Catalytic Activity of Ru/CeO2 in Dry Reforming of Methane

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu He ◽  
Yuanhang Ren ◽  
Yingyi Fu ◽  
Bin Yue ◽  
Shik Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Vacancy ◽  
Vacancy Concentration ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Oxygen Vacancy Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Three morphology-controlled CeO2, namely nanorods (NRs), nanocubes (NCs), and nanopolyhedra (NPs), with different mainly exposed crystal facets of (110), (100), and (111), respectively, have been used as supports to prepare Ru (3 wt.%) nanoparticle-loaded catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), CO– temperature programmed desorption (CO-TPD), N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XDS). The characterization results showed that CeO2-NRs, CeO2-NCs, and CeO2-NPs mainly expose (110), (100) and (111) facets, respectively. Moreover, CeO2-NRs and CeO2-NCs present higher oxygen vacancy concentration than CeO2-NPs. In the CO2 reforming of methane reaction, Ru/CeO2-NR and Ru/CeO2-NC catalysts showed better catalytic performance than Ru/CeO2-NPs, indicating that the catalysts with high oxygen vacancy concentration are beneficial for promoting catalytic activity.

scholarly journals Propane and Naphthalene Oxidation over Gold-Promoted Cobalt Catalysts Supported on Zirconia

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
María Silvia Leguizamón Aparicio ◽  
María Lucia Ruiz ◽  
Marco Antonio Ocsachoque ◽  
Marta Isabel Ponzi ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cobalt Catalysts ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Propane Combustion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Supported Gold

Zirconia-supported gold-promoted cobalt catalysts were synthesized and tested for the complete oxidation of propane and naphthalene. The catalysts were characterized by BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In both propane and naphthalene combustion reactions, the results obtained indicate that catalysts formulated with Co3O4 are more active than those containing only Au. Catalysts prepared using the deposit/precipitation (DP) method have better activity than those in which the traditional technique is used. Gold addition using the DP methods generates a promoting effect on the activity of cobalt-containing catalysts. The AuDpCoZt catalyst was found to be the most active for both propane and naphthalene combustion. The catalytic behavior of this sample is associated with a synergic effect between gold, cobalt, and the support, which is also evidenced by an increase in the reducibility of this catalytic system. The effect of the presence of NO in the feed was also analyzed for propane combustion.

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