Effect of shot peening on very high cycle fatigue of 2024-T351 aluminium alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1032-1039
Author(s):  
Renhui Tian ◽  
Jiangfeng Dong ◽  
Yongjie Liu ◽  
Qingyuan Wang ◽  
Yunrong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Strength Improvement ◽  
Ultrasonic Fatigue ◽  
Very High

To investigate the influence of shot peening (SP) on very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) performance of 2024-T351, the specimens with three surface conditions were performed under ultrasonic fatigue tests: mechanicallypolished without peening (NP), ceramic shot peening (SP1), steel and glass mixed shot peening (SP2). The roughness, microhardness, residual stress, fractography measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied before fatigue test to characterize the effective layer induced by the peening treatment. For the failed specimens, the fracture surface were analysed using SEM to study the mechanisms of fatigue crack propagation. In addition, the fatigue life curve in ultra-high cycle region continuously decreased in the three series of specimens. However, the experimental results revealed that fatigue strength improvement resulting from shot peening treatment was negligible in very high cycle regime. Furthermore, the stress intensity factor for the surface crack initiation (SCI) and interior crack initiation (ICI) was discussed based on quantitative analysis on the fracture surface. The average values of ΔKfish-eye for NP, SP1 and SP2 specimens are about 2.22, 1.48 and 1.61 MPa · m1/2, respectively.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Metals and Alloys—A Review

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Sharma ◽  
Min Chul Oh ◽  
Byungmin Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Ultrasonic Fatigue ◽  
Very High

We reviewed the research and developments in the field of fatigue failure, focusing on very-high cycle fatigue (VHCF) of metals, alloys, and steels. We also discussed ultrasonic fatigue testing, historical relevance, major testing principles, and equipment. The VHCF behavior of Al, Mg, Ni, Ti, and various types of steels were analyzed. Furthermore, we highlighted the major defects, crack initiation sites, fatigue models, and simulation studies to understand the crack development in VHCF regimes. Finally, we reviewed the details regarding various issues and challenges in the field of VHCF for engineering metals and identified future directions in this area.

scholarly journals Very High Cycle Fatigue Investigations on the Fatigue Strength of Additive Manufactured and Conventionally Wrought Inconel 718 at 873 K

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Alexander Schmiedel ◽  
Christina Burkhardt ◽  
Sebastian Henkel ◽  
Anja Weidner ◽  
Horst Biermann
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Ultrasonic Fatigue ◽  
Fine Grained Structure ◽  
Very High

The fatigue lives of additively manufactured (AM) Inconel 718 (IN718) produced by selective electron beam melting and conventional wrought material as reference conditions were studied in the very high cycle fatigue regime under fully reversed loading (R = −1) at the elevated temperature of 873 K using an ultrasonic fatigue testing system. The fatigue lives of the AM material were significantly reduced compared to the wrought material, which is discussed in relation to the microstructure and a fractographical analysis. The additively manufactured material showed large columnar grains with a favoured orientation to the building direction and porosity, whereas the wrought material showed a fine-grained structure with no significant texture, but had Nb- and Ti-rich non-metallic inclusions. Crystallographic crack initiation as well as crack initiation from the surface or internal defects were observed for the AM and the wrought IN718, respectively.

scholarly journals Review of Multiaxial Testing for Very High Cycle Fatigue: From ‘Conventional’ to Ultrasonic Machines

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Pedro Costa ◽  
Richard Nwawe ◽  
Henrique Soares ◽  
Luís Reis ◽  
Manuel Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Multiaxial Fatigue ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Multiaxial Testing ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Ultrasonic Fatigue ◽  
Very High

Fatigue is one of the main causes for in service failure of mechanical components and structures. With the development of new materials, such as high strength aluminium or titanium alloys with different microstructures from steels, materials no longer have a fatigue limit in the classical sense, where it was accepted that they would have ‘infinite life’ from 10 million (107) cycles. The emergence of new materials used in critical mechanical parts, including parts obtained from metal additive manufacturing (AM), the need for weight reduction and the ambition to travel greater distances in shorter periods of time, have brought many challenges to design engineers, since they demand predictability of material properties and that they are readily available. Most fatigue testing today still uses uniaxial loads. However, it is generally recognised that multiaxial stresses occur in many full-scale structures, being rare the occurrence of pure uniaxial stress states. By combining both Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing with multiaxial testing through Single-Input-Multiple-Output Modal Analysis, the high costs of both equipment and time to conduct experiments have seen a massive improvement. It is presently possible to test materials under multiaxial loading conditions and for a very high number of cycles in a fraction of the time compared to non-ultrasonic fatigue testing methods (days compared to months or years). This work presents the current status of ultrasonic fatigue testing machines working at a frequency of 20 kHz to date, with emphasis on multiaxial fatigue and very high cycle fatigue. Special attention will be put into the performance of multiaxial fatigue tests of classical cylindrical specimens under tension/torsion and flat cruciform specimens under in-plane bi-axial testing using low cost piezoelectric transducers. Together with the description of the testing machines and associated instrumentation, some experimental results of fatigue tests are presented in order to demonstrate how ultrasonic fatigue testing can be used to determine the behaviour of a steel alloy from a railway wheel at very high cycle fatigue regime when subjected to multiaxial tension/torsion loadings.

Formation Mechanism of Specific Fracture Surface Region in the Sub-Surface Fracture of Titanium Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 891-892 ◽  
pp. 1436-1441
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Oguma ◽  
Takashi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Very High

In Ti–6Al–4V alloy, fatigue properties have been widely investigated, and the origin of fatigue fracture is usually at the surface in the high stress and lower fatigue life region, whereas in low stress and longer fatigue lifetimes origins are generally sub-surface in nature. Very high cycle fatigue tests were conducted, and observation of fracture surfaces revealed that a unique fine concave and convex agglutinate (hereinafter called Granular Region) formed on the fracture surface of sub-surface fractures. The granular region was not observed on the fracture surface of surface fractures. To clarify the formation mechanism and process of forming the granular region, which is a unique phenomenon in the very high cycle fatigue, fatigue tests using specimens with an artificial surface defect were conducted in air and vacuum. The fatigue tests were based on the idea that the environment around a sub-surface fatigue crack is a vacuum-like environment. During the tests, fracture surfaces were intentionally contacted in air and vacuum under different loading conditions. Fracture surface observations revealed that repeated contact of the fracture surfaces and a vacuum environment are necessary for the formation of the granular region. A mechanism for the formation of the granular region will be proposed.

Very High Cycle Fatigue and Damage Behavior of Ti6Al4V

2015 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Stefan Heinz ◽  
Dietmar Eifler
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Internal Crack ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Induced Defects ◽  
Very High

High frequency fatigue tests were carried out with a 20 kHz ultrasonic testing facility to investigate the cyclic deformation behavior of Ti6Al4V in the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) regime in detail. The S,Nf -curve at the stress ratio R = -1 shows a significant decrease of the stress amplitude and a change from surface to subsurface failures in the VHCF regime for more than 107 cycles. Microscopic investigations of the distribution of the α-and β-phase of Ti6Al4V indicate that inhomogeneities in the phase distribution are reasons for the internal crack initiation. Scanning electron microscopy as well as light microscopy were used to investigate the internal crack initiation phenomenon in the VHCF-regime. Beside the primary fatigue crack additional defects like micro cracks and crack clusters were observed in the fatigued specimens. SEM-investigations of specimens which were loaded up to 1010 cycles without failure show irreversible microstructural changes inside the specimens. Two step tests were performed to evaluate the influence of internal fatigue induced defects observed in specimens which did not fail within 1010 cycles.

scholarly journals Usability of Ultrasonic Frequency Testing for Rapid Generation of High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Data

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2245
Author(s):  
Michael Fitzka ◽  
Bernd M. Schönbauer ◽  
Robert K. Rhein ◽  
Niloofar Sanaei ◽  
Shahab Zekriardehani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Very High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Ultrasonic Fatigue ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Very High

Ultrasonic fatigue testing is an increasingly used method to study the high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of materials. Specimens are cycled at an ultrasonic frequency, which leads to a drastic reduction of testing times. This work focused on summarising the current understanding, based on literature data and original work, whether and how fatigue properties measured with ultrasonic and conventional equipment are comparable. Aluminium alloys are not strain-rate sensitive. A weaker influence of air humidity at ultrasonic frequencies may lead to prolonged lifetimes in some alloys, and tests in high humidity or distilled water can better approximate environmental conditions at low frequencies. High-strength steels are insensitive to the cycling frequency. Strain rate sensitivity of ferrite causes prolonged lifetimes in those steels that show crack initiation in the ferritic phase. Austenitic stainless steels are less prone to frequency effects. Fatigue properties of titanium alloys and nickel alloys are insensitive to testing frequency. Limited data for magnesium alloys and graphite suggest no frequency influence. Ultrasonic fatigue tests of a glass fibre-reinforced polymer delivered comparable lifetimes to servo-hydraulic tests, suggesting that high-frequency testing is, in principle, applicable to fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The use of equipment with closed-loop control of vibration amplitude and resonance frequency is strongly advised since this guarantees high accuracy and reproducibility of ultrasonic tests. Pulsed loading and appropriate cooling serve to avoid specimen heating.

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