Nanoparticles as void fillers in glass ionomer cement for enhanced physicomechanical properties

The study evaluated the addition of silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), considering compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS), flexural strength (FS), and hardness. Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles were blended into the powder of a commercially available GIC restorative material at 5% (w/w). Unblended powder was used as a control. One hundred twenty samples were prepared from two study groups and one control group (n = 10). CS, DTS, and FS were evaluated using a universal testing machine, while hardness was measured by Vickers microhardness testing. The data obtained were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey?s test (p < 0.05). GIC containing Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles significantly improved the CS, DTS, and hardness compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, the FS was not much affected by the addition of either of the nanoparticles (p >0.05). TiO2 blended GIC demonstrated significantly higher CS (154.20+2.38) and DTS (13.2±0.5 MPa) compared to control 117.2±1.2 MPa and 7.2 ±0.8 MPa, respectively. While Blend of GIC+Ag nanoparticles showed the highest FS (29.0±0.7 MPa). Additionally, the blend of GIC+TiO2 exhibited the highest hardness (90.4±1.1 VHN). Ag and TiO2 blended GICs might guarantee their use in occlusal or higher stress-bearing areas.

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Comparison of Microhardness and Compressive Strength of Alkasite and Conventional Restorative Materials

THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY ◽

10.5933/jkapd.2020.47.3.320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 320-326

Author(s):

Kunho Lee ◽

Jongsoo Kim ◽

Jisun Shin ◽

Miran Han

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Vickers Microhardness ◽

Composite Resin ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Microhardness Test ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Ionomer Cement

The aim of this study was to compare compressive strength and microhardness of recently introduced alkasite restorative materials with glass ionomer cement and flowable composite resin.For each material, 20 samples were prepared respectively for compressive strength and Vickers microhardness test. The compressive strength was measured with universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. And microhardness was measured using Vickers Micro hardness testing machine under 500 g load and 10 seconds dwelling time at 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 35 days.The compressive strength was highest in composite resin, followed by alkasite, and glass ionomer cement. In microhardness test, composite resin, which had no change throughout experimental periods, showed highest microhardness in 1 hour, 1 day, and 7 days measurement. The glass ionomer cement showed increase in microhardness for 7 days and no difference was found with composite resin after 14 days measurement. For alkasite, maximum microhardness was measured on 14 days, but showed gradual decrease.

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Compressive strength of glass ionomer cements using different specimen dimensions

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242007000300003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 204-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

André Mallmann ◽

Jane Clei Oliveira Ataíde ◽

Rosa Amoedo ◽

Paulo Vicente Rocha ◽

Letícia Borges Jacques

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Strength Test ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Compressive Strength Test ◽

Ionomer Cement

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength of two glass ionomer cements, a conventional one (Vitro Fil® - DFL) and a resin-modified material (Vitro Fil LC® - DFL), using two test specimen dimensions: One with 6 mm in height and 4 mm in diameter and the other with 12 mm in height and 6 mm in diameter, according to the ISO 7489:1986 specification and the ANSI/ADA Specification No. 66 for Dental Glass Ionomer Cement, respectively. Ten specimens were fabricated with each material and for each size, in a total of 40 specimens. They were stored in distilled water for 24 hours and then subjected to a compressive strength test in a universal testing machine (EMIC), at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (5%). Mean compressive strength values (MPa) were: 54.00 ± 6.6 and 105.10 ± 17.3 for the 12 mm x 6 mm sample using Vitro Fil and Vitro Fil LC, respectively, and 46.00 ± 3.8 and 91.10 ± 8.2 for the 6 mm x 4 mm sample using Vitro Fil and Vitro Fil LC, respectively. The resin-modified glass ionomer cement obtained the best results, irrespective of specimen dimensions. For both glass ionomer materials, the 12 mm x 6 mm matrix led to higher compressive strength results than the 6 mm x 4 mm matrix. A higher variability in results was observed when the glass ionomer cements were used in the larger matrices.

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Does Addition of Propolis to Glass Ionomer Cement Alter its Physicomechanical Properties? An in Vitro Study

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-40.5.400 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 400-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P Subramaniam ◽

KL Girish Babu ◽

G Neeraja ◽

S Pillai

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Physicomechanical Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Ionomer Cement

Propolis is a natural resinous substance produced by honey bees. The antimicrobial effects of glass ionomer cement have been shown to improve with the addition of propolis; however its effect on the physicomechanical properties of the cement is not known. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength and solubility of conventional restorative glass ionomer cement following the addition of propolis. Study design: Twenty half cylindrical samples were prepared with conventional restorative glass ionomer cement formed the control group. Another twenty samples were prepared with propolis added to conventional restorative glass ionomer cement formed the experimental group. The compressive strength was assessed using universal testing machine. To assess solubility, the samples were immersed in deionised water at room temperature, for 7 days. The solubility was measured as a difference in the weight of the sample; prior to immersion and following immersion at the end of each day. Results: The control group had a significantly higher mean compressive strength of 146.26 Mpa as compared to the experimental group (135.06 Mpa). The solubility between the groups was significant. Conclusion: In comparison to the control group, incorporation of propolis to conventional restorative glass ionomer cement decreased the compressive strength significantly. The solubility of the cement in the experimental group increased significantly over 7day period as compared to the control group.

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Influence of Octacalcium Phosphate addition on physical-mechanical properties of Glass Ionomer Cement

Revista Odonto Ciência ◽

10.15448/1980-6523.2017.3.28062 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriela De Souza Balbinot ◽

Isadora Martini Garcia ◽

Susana Maria Werner Samuel ◽

Fabricio Mezzomo Collares ◽

Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Setting Time ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Octacalcium Phosphate ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Diametral Tensile Strength ◽

Phosphate Addition ◽

Ionomer Cement

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) addition to conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC).METHODOLOGY: A commercial glass ionomer cement (Vidrion R – S.S. White Artigos Dentários Ltda – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was used in this study. OCP was added to powder in 1.5 and 3 wt%. GIC without OCP addition was used as control. Specimens were produced to evaluate radiopacity, setting time and diametral tensile strength of cements. Radiopacity was assessed by phosphor plate system with alluminium step-wedge for comparison. For setting time determination, Gilmore needle (100 g) was used to determine final setting reaction. Diametral tensile strength was measured in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA at a significance level of 95%.RESULTS: Results showed no statistically significant difference in tested properties with octacalcium phosphate addition in any concentration.CONCLUSION: OCP addition to GIC did not influence materials properties.

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The Retentive Strength of Laser-Sintered Cobalt-Chromium-Based Crowns after Pretreatment with a Desensitizing Paste Containing 8% Arginine and Calcium Carbonate

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19124082 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 4082 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raphael Pilo ◽

Sharon Agar-Zoizner ◽

Shaul Gelbard ◽

Shifra Levartovsky

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Cobalt Chromium ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Standardized Protocol ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Adhesive Cement ◽

Ionomer Cement

The retention of laser-sintered cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr)-based crowns were examined after dentin pretreatment with desensitizing paste containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate (DP-ACC). Forty lower first molars were prepared using a standardized protocol. The Co-Cr crowns were produced using selective laser melting. The teeth were either pretreated with the desensitizing paste or not pretreated. After one week, each group was cemented with glass ionomer cement (GIC) or zinc phosphate cement (ZPC). Surface areas of the teeth were measured before cementation. After aging, a universal testing machine was used to test the retentive strength of the cemented crown-tooth assemblies. The debonded surfaces of the teeth and crowns were examined at 2.7× magnification. Pretreating the dentin surfaces with the desensitizing paste before cementation with GIC or ZPC did not affect the retention of the Co-Cr crowns. The retention of the GIC group (6.04 ± 1.10 MPa) was significantly higher than that of the ZPC group (2.75 ± 1.25 MPa). The predominant failure mode for the ZPC and the nontreated GIC group was adhesive cement-dentin failure; for the treated GIC group, it was adhesive cement-crown failure. The desensitizing paste can be safely used to reduce post-cementation sensitivity without reducing the retentive strength of Co-Cr crowns cemented with GIC or ZPC.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN HIDROKSIAPATIT DARI CANGKANG TELUR TERHADAP KEKUATAN TEKAN GLASS IONOMER CEMENT

B-Dent, Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah ◽

10.33854/jbdjbd.42 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81

Author(s):

Martha Mozartha ◽

Muthiara Praziandithe ◽

Sulistiawati Sulistiawati

Keyword(s):

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Universal Testing Machine ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Ionomer Cement

Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) memiliki sifat-sifat yang menguntungkan sebagai material restorasi. Namun, penggunaannya terbatas karena GIC memiliki kekuatan tekan yang rendah. Berbagai penelitian dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan tekan GIC, salah satunya penambahan hidroksiapatit ke bubuk GIC. Hidroksiapatit dapat disintesis dari larutan kimia atau berbagai limbah alam, misalnya cangkang telur, melalui metode presipitasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan hidroksiapatit dari cangkang telur terhadap kekuatan tekan GIC Fuji IX (GC Corporation). Pembuatan 32 silinder GIC berdiameter 4mm dan tinggi 6mm dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu: kelompok GIC tanpa penambahan hidroksiapatit sebagai kelompok kontrol (n=16) dan kelompok GIC dengan penambahan 8% hidroksiapatit sebagai kelompok uji (n=16). Kekuatan tekan diukur dengan Universal Testing Machine. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan. Hasil pengukuran rata-rata kekuatan tekan GIC kelompok kontrol adalah 104,33±1,36 MPa dan kelompok uji adalah 109,52±1,58 MPa. Hasil uji T pada data tersebut menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (p

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Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on porosity and compressive strength of a glass ionomer cement

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/rou.2014.038 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 236-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luana Mafra MARTI ◽

Elcilaine Rizzato AZEVEDO ◽

Margareth da MATA ◽

Elisa Maria Aparecida GIRO ◽

Angela Cristina Cilense ZUANON

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Study Groups ◽

Dental Practice ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Significance Level ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Compressive Strength Test ◽

Ionomer Cement

INTRODUCTION:For presenting wide antibacterial activity, chlorhexidine (CHX) has been extensively used in dentistry and can be easily incorporated into the glass ionomer cement (GIC) and consequently released into the oral cavity.AIM: The aim of this study was porosity and compression strength of a GIC, that was added to different concentrations of CHX.MATERIAL AND METHOD: Specimens were prepared with GIC (Ketac Molar Esaymix) and divided into 4 groups according to the concentration of CHX: control, 0.5% and 1% and 2% (n = 10). For analysis of pores specimens were fractured with the aid of hammer and chisel surgical, so that the fracture was performed in the center of the specimens, dividing it in half and images were obtained from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyzed in Image J software. The compressive strength test was conducted in a mechanical testing machine (EMIC - Equipment and Testing Systems Ltd., Joseph of the Pines, PR, Brazil). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey test. Significance level of 5%.RESULT: No statistically significant changes between the study groups was observed both for the number of pores as well as for the compressive strength.CONCLUSION: The use of GIC associated with CHX gluconate 1% and 2% is the best option to be used in dental practice.

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The Effect of Incorporating Lithium Fluoride on the Compressive Strength and Diametric Tensile Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.508 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 264-265 ◽

pp. 508-512

Author(s):

Ammar A. Mustafa ◽

Khalid A. S. Al-Khateeb ◽

Ahmad Faris Ismail

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Lithium Fluoride ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Experimental Glass ◽

Diametral Tensile Strength ◽

Ionomer Cement

Experimental glass ionomer cement was prepared for the purpose of this study. Twenty disk specimens (16mm diameter x 10mm height) of test-GIC were prepared for the diametral tensile strength (DTS) test and twenty cylindrical specimens (6 mm diameter x 16mm height) were prepared for the compressive strength (CS) test. Specimens were stored in an artificial saliva at 37º C and (50±10%) of relative humidity in an incubator until testing. Five specimens of each GIC were submitted to CS and DTS test in each period, namely 1 hour, 24 hours, 7 days and 28 days. The specimens were tested in a Universal Testing Machine (Instron 1122, Instron corp., High Wycombe, U.K.) at a crosshead speed of 1.0mm/min for CS and 0.5mm/min for the DTS test until failure occurred. The results have revealed that incorporation of lithium fluoride in the formula of the test GIC might impart an increase in the mechanical properties of the GICs

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Cuspal deflection of directly or indirectly restored teeth

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2013.v16i4.899 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Daniel Maranha da Rocha ◽

João Maurício Ferraz da Silva ◽

Liliana Gressler May ◽

Maria Amélia Máximo Araújo ◽

Rebeca Di Nicoló ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Resin ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Strain Gauges ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Flowable Composite ◽

Base Materials ◽

Universal Testing ◽

Direct Restoration ◽

Ionomer Cement

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluatethe cuspal deflection of teeth restored directlyand indirectly. Material and Methods: Fortysound maxillary premolar teeth were restoredwith composite and different base materials. Widemesial-occlusal-distal cavity preparations wereperformed, with isthmus width of one third of thedistance between the cuspal tips, 3 mm occlusaland a 5 mm interproximal preparation height. Theteeth were divided into 4 groups (n = 10), accordingto the restoration type: G1) GIC-DCR (1 mm glassionomer cement base and direct restoration usingnanoparticulate composite); G2) FL-DCR (1 mm baseof flowable composite resin and direct restorationusing nanoparticulate composite); G3) GIC-ICR(1 mm glass ionomer cement base and indirectrestoration using nanoparticulate composite GICbase); G4) FL-ICR (1 mm base of flowable compositeresin and indirect restoration using nanoparticulatecomposite). The specimens were submitted tocompressive load of 50 N on the buccal and lingualcusps, in a universal testing machine. The lingualcusp microstrain (με) measurements were executedby strain gauges. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis (5%)test was used and showed there were no significantdifferences among the microstrain values for the fourstudy groups (G1 = 1250; G2 = 1075; G3 = 1279;G4 = 937). Conclusion: It could be concluded thatthe restorative techniques and the bases employeddid not show any influences in cuspal deflection.Keywords Base materials; Cuspal defection; Composite resin; Direct restoration; Indirect restoration.

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Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars Restored with Different Restorative Materials - An In Vitro Study

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e5110716150

Author(s):

Walber Maeda ◽

Wayne Martins Nascimento ◽

Marcelo Santos Coelho ◽

Danilo de Luca Campos ◽

João Paulo Drumond ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fracture Resistance ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

Control Group ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Maxillary Premolars ◽

Ionomer Cement

Aim: In this study was evaluated the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with different restorative materials. Methods: Sixty maxillary premolars were submitted to the same mesio-occlusal-distal cavity preparation, endodontic treatment and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): Coltosol Group – GCO restored with calcium silicate material; Glass Ionomer Cement Group – GGIC, restored with Maxxion R; Modified Glass Ionomer Cement – GMGIC, restored with Gold Label 2; Composite Group - GC, restored with Z100, and the positive control group (GP) - left unrestored. One group remained intact (n=10) serving as negative control (GN). Samples were subjected to fracture resistance testing by the universal testing machine until fracture occurred and was registered in newtons (N). Fracture pattern was assessed and described as favorable or unfavorable. The results were statistically analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Tukey test with significant statistical difference at P < 0.05. Results: Higher fracture resistance results were found for GC (1,128.35 ± 249.17), GMGIC (1,250.77 ± 173.29), and GN (1,277.22 ± 433.44) (P < .05). More favorable fractures were observed in the GCO (6), GC (7), and GN (7) (P < .05). Conclusion: Teeth restored with composite and modified GIC presented the same resistance as intact teeth. Teeth restored with Coltosol and GGIC presented similar resistance to unrestored teeth.

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