scholarly journals Emmert's law cannot be generated by relative size cues even when these cues contain sufficient information

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 833-833
Author(s):  
R. Cai ◽  
J. Federspiel ◽  
K. Priest ◽  
M. Zenz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Emmert’S Law

Interpreting HVEM of muscle-cell impulse networks

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Paul DeCosta ◽  
Kyugon Cho ◽  
Stephen Shemlon ◽  
Heesung Jun ◽  
Stanley M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Structural Networks

Introduction: The analysis and interpretation of electron micrographs of cells and tissues, often requires the accurate extraction of structural networks, which either provide immediate 2D or 3D information, or from which the desired information can be inferred. The images of these structures contain lines and/or curves whose orientation, lengths, and intersections characterize the overall network.Some examples exist of studies that have been done in the analysis of networks of natural structures. In, Sebok and Roemer determine the complexity of nerve structures in an EM formed slide. Here the number of nodes that exist in the image describes how dense nerve fibers are in a particular region of the skin. Hildith proposes a network structural analysis algorithm for the automatic classification of chromosome spreads (type, relative size and orientation).

The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Anton Bózner ◽  
Mikuláš Gažo ◽  
Jozef Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

In vitro validation of a 3-dimensional transrectal ultrasound system for prostate biopsiess

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Derek Cool ◽  
Shi Sherebrin ◽  
Jonathan Izawa ◽  
Joseph Chin ◽  
Aaron Fenster
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Needle Guidance ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
3D Information

Introduction: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) prostate biopsy (Bx) is currently confined to 2D information to both target and record 3D Bx locations. Accurate placement of Bx needles cannot be verified without 3D information, and recording Bx sites in 2D does not provide sufficient information to accurately guide the high incidence of repeat Bx. We have designed a 3D TRUS prostate Bx system that augments the current 2D TRUS system and provides tools for biopsy-planning, needle guidance, and recording of the biopsy core locations entirely in 3D. Methods: Our Bx system displays a 3D model of the patient’s prostate, which is generated intra-procedure from a collection of 2D TRUS images, representative of the particular prostate shape. Bx targets are selected, needle guidance is facilitated, and 3D Bx sites are recorded within the 3D context of the prostate model. The complete 3D Bx system was validated, in vitro, by performing standard ten-core Bx on anatomical phantoms of two patient’s prostates. The accuracy of the needle-guidance, Bx location recording, and 3D model volume and surface topology were validated against a CT gold standard. Results: The Bx system successfully reconstructed the 3D patient prostate models with a mean volume error of 3.2 ± 7.6%. Using the 3D system, needles were accurately guided to the pre-determined targets with a mean error of 2.26 ± 1.03 mm and the 3D locations of the Bx cores were accurately recorded with a mean distance error of 1.47 ± 0.79 mm. Conclusion: We have successfully developed a 3D TRUS prostate biopsy system and validated the system in vitro. A pilot study has been initiated to apply the system clinically.

PERSPEKTIF SYIAH IMAMIYAH TENTANG DIMENSI TAUHID

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Theoretical Dimension ◽  
Practical Dimension

<strong>Abstrak: </strong>Studi ini membahas perspektif Syiah Imamiyah tentang dimensi tauhid. Dengan pendekatan tafsir al-Qur’an, tulisan ini mengungkapkan temuan bahwa Al-Qur’an sebagai pedoman bagi umat manusia memuat ayat-ayat tauhid yang merupakan asas dan dasar kajian Islam. Ayat-ayat ini diklasifikasi oleh ulama Syiah ke dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama, ayat-ayat yang memuat tentang tauhid teoretis; pemikiran konsep serta pemahaman yang mentauhidkan Allah swt. baik dalam hal zat, sifat maupun perbuatan-Nya. Kelompok kedua adalah ayat-ayat yang mengulas tentang tauhid praktis atau yang disebut dengan tindakan atau amal yang berlandaskan tauhid teoretis. Pada gilirannya baik tauhid teoretis maupun tauhid praktis memiliki cabang dan variannya masing-masing.<br /><br /><strong>Kata Kunci</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>Syiah Imamiyah, tauhid, al-Qur’an<br /> <br /><strong>Abstract: Shia Imamiyah Perspective on Theology</strong>. This study examines the Shiite Imamiyah school of thought on the dimension of monotheism in the Qur’an. This study is a literature study where the works of Shiite scholars are analyzed by content analysis methods. This study is hoped to become as sufficient information about monotheism according to the Shiah school as explained by scholars of Shi’ism. This study proposes that there are two dimensions of monotheism in the Shia school, namely theoretical monotheism and practical dimensions. The theoretical dimension of monotheism constitutes three categories which include first, substance monotheism, second monotheism of character, and third, monotheism of action. In addition, the practical dimension in monotheism is divided into three namely monotheism in worship (<em>taw<span style="text-decoration: underline;">h</span>îd</em> ‘<em>ibâdah</em>), monotheism in obedience and observance, and monotheism in acquiring comfort and assistance.<br /> <br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Shia Imamiyah, theology, Qur’an<strong></strong>

Investigation of Cause in Pulp and Paper Environmental Effects Monitoring

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Monique G. Dubé ◽  
Sandra C. Ribey ◽  
Joseph M. Culp ◽  
Richard Lowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Metabolic Disruption ◽  
Environmental Effects Monitoring

Abstract Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) Programs in Canada have been developed for the pulp and paper and metal mining industries. The EEM Program conducts cyclical evaluations of receiving environments to determine whether effects exist when facilities comply with existing regulations. Investigation of cause (IOC) is a specific stage in the EEM Program that is used after environmental effects in fish and/or benthos have been detected, confirmed and their extent and magnitude have been documented. This paper presents an overview of the processes associated with this phase of monitoring. The objective of an IOC is to obtain sufficient information so that the source of the effect can be identified and removed, or its effects reduced to an acceptable level. The initial direction of an IOC is dependent upon the type of response patterns observed for fish and/or benthos during EEM cycles and extent/magnitude studies. The framework presented in this paper is based on an amalgamation of research projects conducted at Canadian pulp mills over the last decade and selected studies are summarized as examples. It also represents an integration of several research philosophies and scientific disciplines. The framework is based on national response patterns from the second cycle of pulp and paper EEM studies. IOCs are directed into either an eutrophication-based investigation or a contaminant-based investigation (including metabolic disruption in fish). The framework is constructed with a progression of investigative levels designed to provide more information on the causative factors. Each of these phases also represents a decision point for stakeholders to determine if sufficient information has been attained about the causal factor(s) and whether the IOC should be concluded. It is expected that the framework will evolve with a growing knowledge base of causal factors, as facilities enter into this phase of the EEM Program.

The flow of liquid in a stream from the standard turbine impeller

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 700-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Fořt ◽  
Hans-Otto Möckel ◽  
Jan Drbohlav ◽  
Miroslav Hrach
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Axial Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hot Film ◽  
Turbine Impeller

Profiles of the mean velocity have been analyzed in the stream streaking from the region of rotating standard six-blade disc turbine impeller. The profiles were obtained experimentally using a hot film thermoanemometer probe. The results of the analysis is the determination of the effect of relative size of the impeller and vessel and the kinematic viscosity of the charge on three parameters of the axial profile of the mean velocity in the examined stream. No significant change of the parameter of width of the examined stream and the momentum flux in the stream has been found in the range of parameters d/D ##m <0.25; 0.50> and the Reynolds number for mixing ReM ##m <2.90 . 101; 1 . 105>. However, a significant influence has been found of ReM (at negligible effect of d/D) on the size of the hypothetical source of motion - the radius of the tangential cylindrical jet - a. The proposed phenomenological model of the turbulent stream in region of turbine impeller has been found adequate for values of ReM exceeding 1.0 . 103.

How to write a class

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Boudreau ◽  
Eric S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Memory Allocation ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Dynamic Memory ◽  
Dynamic Memory Allocation

While there is no such thing as a “typical” C++ class, several common syntactical constructs lend themselves to extremely widespread use and must be mastered by C++ programmers. To motivate the discussion of software design at the level of the C++ class, examples from computer science and optics are introduced. Important syntactical elements such as constructors, destructors, copy constructors, assignment operators, cast operators, and const qualifiers, together with function overloading, operator overloading, and dynamic memory allocation are discussed. These concepts, illustrated with examples from physics, are presented and explained. Further examples from optical and quantum mechanical problems are left to the exercises. This chapter and its exercises gives the reader sufficient information to begin developing his or her own classes and to experiment with class design through trial and error.

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