scholarly journals Photosensitized Oxidative Stress to ARPE-19 Cells Decreases Protein Receptors that Mediate Photoreceptor Outer Segment Phagocytosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena M. Olchawa ◽  
Anja M. Herrnreiter ◽  
Christine M. B. Skumatz ◽  
Mariusz Zareba ◽  
Tadeusz J. Sarna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Protein Receptors

scholarly journals Photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis with concomitant neuroprotectin D1 synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (32) ◽  
pp. 13158-13163 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Mukherjee ◽  
V. L. Marcheselli ◽  
J. C. de Rivero Vaccari ◽  
W. C. Gordon ◽  
F. E. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Neuroprotectin D1 ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

scholarly journals Deficiency in Lyst function leads to accumulation of secreted proteases and predisposition to mechanic stress-induced retinal detachment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Ji ◽  
Lihong Zhao ◽  
Ankita Umapathy ◽  
Bernard Fitzmaurice ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Cysteine Cathepsins ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chediak Higashi Syndrome

Chediak–Higashi syndrome , caused by mutations in the Lys osome T rafficking Regulator ( Lyst ) gene, is a recessive hypopigmentation disorder characterized by albinism, neuropathies, neurodegeneration , and defective immune response s , with e nlargement of lysosomes and lysosome-related organelles. Although recent studies have suggested that Lyst mutations impair the regulation of sizes of lysosome and lysosome-related organelle , the underlying pathogenic mechanism of Chediak–Higashi syndrome is still unclear. Here we show striking evidence that deficiency in LYST protein function leads to accumulation of photoreceptor outer segment phagosomes in retinal pigment epitheli al cells , and reduce s adhesion between photoreceptor outer segment and retinal pigment epithelial cells in a mouse model of Chediak–Higashi syndrome . In addition, we observe elevated levels of cathepsin s , matrix metallopeptidase ( MMP ) 3 and oxidative stress markers in the retinal pigment epitheli um of Lyst mutant s . Previous reports showed that impaired degradation of photoreceptor outer segment phagosomes causes elevated oxidative stress , which could consequently lead to increase s of cysteine cathepsins and MMPs in the extracellular matrix. T aken together , we conclude that the loss of LYST function causes accumulation of phagosomes in the retinal pigment epitheli um and elevation of several extracellular matrix -remodeling proteases through oxidative stress , which may, in turn, reduce retina l adhesion. Our work reveals previously unreported pathogenic events in the retinal pigment epitheli um caused by Lyst deficiency , which may place Chediak–Higashi syndrome patients at increased risk for retinal detachment . The same pathogenic events may be conserved in other professional phagocytic cells, such as macrophages in the immune system, contributing to overall Chediak–Higashi syndrome pathology.

scholarly journals Macular Pigment Optical Density and Photoreceptor Outer Segment Length as Predisease Biomarkers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Nagai ◽  
Sakiko Minami ◽  
Misa Suzuki ◽  
Hajime Shinoda ◽  
Toshihide Kurihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Macular Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fellow Eyes

To explore predisease biomarkers, which may help screen for the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at very early stages, macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) length were analyzed. Thirty late AMD fellow eyes, which are at high risk and represent the predisease condition of AMD, were evaluated and compared with 30 age-matched control eyes without retinal diseases; there was no early AMD involvement in the AMD fellow eyes. MPOD was measured using MPS2® (M.E. Technica Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and PROS length was measured based on optical coherence tomography images. MPOD levels and PROS length in the AMD fellow eyes were significantly lower and shorter, respectively, than in control eyes. MPOD and PROS length were positively correlated in control eyes (R = 0.386; p = 0.035) but not in AMD fellow eyes. Twenty (67%) AMD fellow eyes met the criteria of MPOD < 0.65 and/or PROS length < 35 μm, while only five (17%) control eyes did. After adjusting for age and sex, AMD fellow eyes more frequently satisfied the definition (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 3.50–60.4; odds ratio, 14.6). The combination of MPOD and PROS length may be a useful biomarker for screening predisease AMD patients, although further studies are required in this regard.

Reliability Assessment of a Rod Photoreceptor Outer Segment Grading System

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica M Jablonski ◽  
Marshall J Graney ◽  
Stephen B Kritchevsky ◽  
Alessandro Iannaccone
Keyword(s):  
Outer Segment ◽  
Reliability Assessment ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Rod Photoreceptor ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment

scholarly journals Correlation between brain volume and retinal photoreceptor outer segment volume in normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0237078
Author(s):  
Atsuro Uchida ◽  
Jagan A. Pillai ◽  
Robert Bermel ◽  
Stephen E. Jones ◽  
Hubert Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Retinal Photoreceptor ◽  
Segment Volume

scholarly journals TULP1 and TUB Are Required for Specific Localization of PRCD to Photoreceptor Outer Segments

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8677
Author(s):  
Lital Remez ◽  
Ben Cohen ◽  
Mariela J. Nevet ◽  
Leah Rizel ◽  
Tamar Ben-Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segments ◽  
Outer Segments ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid System ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Recruitment System

Photoreceptor disc component (PRCD) is a small protein which is exclusively localized to photoreceptor outer segments, and is involved in the formation of photoreceptor outer segment discs. Mutations in PRCD are associated with retinal degeneration in humans, mice, and dogs. The purpose of this work was to identify PRCD-binding proteins in the retina. PRCD protein-protein interactions were identified when implementing the Ras recruitment system (RRS), a cytoplasmic-based yeast two-hybrid system, on a bovine retina cDNA library. An interaction between PRCD and tubby-like protein 1 (TULP1) was identified. Co-immunoprecipitation in transfected mammalian cells confirmed that PRCD interacts with TULP1, as well as with its homolog, TUB. These interactions were mediated by TULP1 and TUB highly conserved C-terminal tubby domain. PRCD localization was altered in the retinas of TULP1- and TUB-deficient mice. These results show that TULP1 and TUB, which are involved in the vesicular trafficking of several photoreceptor proteins from the inner segment to the outer segment, are also required for PRCD exclusive localization to photoreceptor outer segment discs.

scholarly journals Loss of CEP162 function at the primary cilium delays ciliogenesis and causes retinal ciliopathy in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisa Nuzhat ◽  
Kristof Van Schil ◽  
Sandra Liakopoulos ◽  
Miriam Bauwens ◽  
Alfredo Dueñas Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Primary Cilium ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Retinal Dystrophy ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽  
Zone Formation ◽  
Mother Centriole

Ciliopathies often comprise retinal degeneration since the photoreceptor outer segment is an adapted primary cilium. CEP162 is a distal end centriolar protein required for proper transition zone assembly during ciliogenesis and whose loss causes ciliopathy in zebrafish. CEP162 has so far not been implicated in human disease. Here, we identified a homozygous CEP162 frameshift variant, c.1935dupA (p.(E646R*5)), in retinitis pigmentosa patients from two unrelated Moroccan families, likely representing a founder allele. We found that even though mRNA levels were reduced, the truncated CEP162-E646R*5 protein was expressed and localized to the mitotic spindle during mitosis, but not at the basal body of the cilium. In CEP162 knockdown cells, expression of the truncated CEP162-E646R*5 protein is unable to restore ciliation indicating its loss of function at the cilium. In patient fibroblasts, cilia overcome the absence of CEP162 from the primary cilium by delaying ciliogenesis through the persistence of CP110 at the mother centriole. The patient fibroblasts are ultimately able to extend some abnormally long cilia that are missing key transition zone components. Defective transition zone formation likely disproportionately affects the long-living ciliary outer segment of photoreceptors resulting in retinal dystrophy. CEP162 is expressed in human retina, and we show that wild-type CEP162, but not truncated CEP162-E646R*5, specifically localizes to the distal end of centrioles of mouse photoreceptor cilia. Together, our genetic, cell-based, and in vivo modeling establish that CEP162 deficiency causes retinal ciliopathy in humans.

scholarly journals CERKL gene knockout disturbs photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis and causes rod-cone dystrophy in zebrafish

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2335-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Yu ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Lincoln Biswas ◽  
Xuebin Hu ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Segment ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Cone Dystrophy ◽  
Photoreceptor Outer Segment
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