Direct gaze detection advantage is independent from normal face/eyes configuration

In this paper we proposed unique technique which is adaptive to noisy images for eye gaze detection as processing noisy sclera images captured at-a-distance and on-the-move has not been extensively investigated. Sclera blood vessels have been investigated recently as an efficient biometric trait. Capturing part of the eye with a normal camera using visible-wavelength images rather than near infrared images has provoked research interest. This technique involves sclera template rotation alignment and a distance scaling method to minimize the error rates when noisy eye images are captured at-a-distance and on-the move. The proposed system is tested and results are generated by extensive simulation in java.

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Diverted Gaze Captures Attention Easier Than Direct Gaze

International Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.07.529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 168 ◽

pp. S194-S195

Author(s):

Enguang Chen ◽

Hailing Wang

Keyword(s):

Direct Gaze

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Task-irrelevant direct gaze facilitates visual search for deviant facial expression

Visual Cognition ◽

10.1080/13506285.2013.779350 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 72-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hirokazu Doi ◽

Kazuyuki Shinohara

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Facial Expression ◽

Direct Gaze ◽

Task Irrelevant

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Binocular gaze detection method using a fuzzy algorithm based on quality measurements

Optical Engineering ◽

10.1117/1.oe.53.5.053111 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 053111 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chul Woo Cho ◽

Hyeon Chang Lee ◽

Su Yeong Gwon ◽

Jong Man Lee ◽

Dongwook Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection Method ◽

Fuzzy Algorithm ◽

Gaze Detection ◽

Quality Measurements

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Automated construction of real world-oriented database with gaze detection

IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2001. ICME 2001. ◽

10.1109/icme.2001.1237771 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Yoshitaka ◽

M. Yoshida

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Gaze Detection

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Exophoria: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. The modern view on the problem. Literature review

Modern technologies in ophtalmology ◽

10.25276/2312-4911-2021-2-52-55 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-55

Author(s):

O.A. Lipunova ◽

◽

I.L. Plisov ◽

V.V. Cherhykh ◽

N.G. Antsiferova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Type A ◽

The State ◽

Type A Pattern ◽

Direct Gaze ◽

Modern View ◽

Convergence Insufficiency ◽

Horizontal Type ◽

Type V ◽

Gaze Position

Purpose. Create a summary classification of exophoria. To propose an optimal algorithm for optometric and surgical methods of treatment. A modern view of the problem. It is optimal to subdivide exophoria according to the state of the vergent-duction balance into divergence excess, basic exophoria, convergence insufficiency, divergence pseudo-excess, lateral gaze incomitance. By the degree of compensation for compensated, subcompensated, uncompensated, decompensated. In combination with alphabetic pattern for exophoria without pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type A pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type A pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type V pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type V pattern. Features of optimal optical and prismatic correction depend on the state of the vergent-duction balance. In cases of exophoria without pattern surgical treatment is carried out during the transition from a state of subcompensation to non-compensation. In case of exophoria with horizontal-type alphabetical pattern, combined horizontal-transpositional surgery is optimal: elimination of exophoria, the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position; elimination of the pattern, the protocol is based on vertical transposition of muscles of horizontal action. In cases of exophoria with vertical-type pattern, it is necessary to perform staged vertical-horizontal surgery: stage 1 – elimination of vertical heterotropy in adduction; stage 2 – elimination of exophoria (the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position). Conclusions. The treatment protocol should be based on a reliably diagnosed diagnosis and consists at the pre-surgical stage in the optimal optical and prismatic correction, the appointment of orthopto-diplopto-prismatic treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is assessed by the dynamics of the disease: the magnitude of exodeviation and the stage of compensation. The protocol of surgical treatment must be reasonable and timely. Key words: exophoria, divergence excess, convergence insufficiency, basic exotropia, lateral gaze incomitance, alphabet pattern.

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Effects of unilateral frontal eye-field lesions on eye-head coordination in monkey

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1986.55.4.696 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 696-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

J. van der Steen ◽

I. S. Russell ◽

G. O. James

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Search Task ◽

Visual Search Task ◽

Peak Velocity ◽

Head Movements ◽

Frontal Eye Field ◽

Behavioral Task ◽

Direct Gaze ◽

Relative Neglect ◽

Eye Field

We studied the effects of unilateral frontal eye-field (FEF) lesions on eye-head coordination in monkeys that were trained to perform a visual search task. Eye and head movements were recorded with the scleral search coil technique using phase angle detection in a homogeneous electromagnetic field. In the visual search task all three animals showed a neglect for stimuli presented in the field contralateral to the lesion. In two animals the neglect disappeared within 2-3 wk. One animal had a lasting deficit. We found that FEF lesions that are restricted to area 8 cause only temporary deficits in eye and head movements. Up to a week after the lesion the animals had a strong preference to direct gaze and head to the side ipsilateral to the lesion. Animals tracked objects in contralateral space with combined eye and head movements, but failed to do this with the eyes alone. It was found that within a few days after the lesion, eye and head movements in the direction of the target were initiated, but they were inadequate and had long latencies. Within 1 wk latencies had regained preoperative values. Parallel with the recovery on the behavioral task, head movements became more prominent than before the lesion. Four weeks after the lesion, peak velocity of the head movement had increased by a factor of two, whereas the duration showed a twofold decrease compared with head movements before the lesion. No effects were seen on the duration and peak velocity of gaze. After the recovery on the behavioral task had stabilized, a relative neglect in the hemifield contralateral to the lesion could still be demonstrated by simultaneously presenting two stimuli in the left and right visual hemifields. The neglect is not due to a sensory deficit, but to a disorder of programming. The recovery from unilateral neglect after a FEF lesion is the result of a different orienting behavior, in which head movements become more important. It is concluded that the FEF plays an important role in the organization and coordination of eye and head movements and that lesions of this area result in subtle but permanent changes in eye-head coordination.

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