The preferred fixation location on the face modulates the locus of the Composite Face Effect

AbstractWhen the upper half of one face (‘target region’) is spatially aligned with the lower half of another (‘distractor region’), the two halves appear to fuse together perceptually, changing observers’ subjective perception of the target region. This ‘composite face illusion’ is regarded as a key hallmark of holistic face processing. Importantly, distractor regions bias observers’ subjective perception of target regions in systematic, predictable ways. For example, male and female distractor regions make target regions appear masculine and feminine; young and old distractor regions make target regions appear younger and older. In the present study, we first describe a novel psychophysical paradigm that yields precise reliable estimates of these perceptual biases. Next, we use this novel procedure to establish a clear relationship between observers’ susceptibility to the age and gender biases induced by the composite face illusion. This relationship is seen in a lab-based sample (N = 100) and is replicated in an independent sample tested online (N = 121). Our findings suggest that age and gender variants of the composite illusion may be different measures of a common structural binding process, with an origin early in the face-processing stream.

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Free vibration analysis of sandwich beams with carbon nanotube reinforced face sheets based on extended high-order sandwich panel theory

Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials ◽

10.1177/1099636216649788 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 219-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S Jedari Salami

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Boundary Conditions ◽

Sandwich Panel ◽

Sandwich Beam ◽

Free Vibration Analysis ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

High Order ◽

Reinforced Composite ◽

The Face ◽

Composite Face

Free vibration analysis of a sandwich beam with soft core and carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets, hitherto not reported in the literature, based on extended high-order sandwich panel theory is presented. Distribution of fibers through the thickness of the face sheets could be uniform or functionally graded. In this theory, the face sheets follow the first-order shear deformation theory. Besides, the two-dimensional elasticity is used for the core. The field equations are derived via the Ritz-based solution which is suitable for any essential boundary conditions. Chebyshev polynomials multiplying boundary R-functions are used as admissible functions and evidence of their good performance is given. A detailed parametric study is conducted to study the effects of nanotube volume fraction and their distribution pattern, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of sandwich beams with functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets and soft cores. Since the extended high-order sandwich panel theory can be used with any combinations of core and face sheets and not only the soft cores that the other theories demand, the results for the same beam with functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite face sheets and stiff core are also provided for comparison. It is concluded that the sandwich beam with X and V distribution figures of face sheets, no matter what the boundary conditions, has higher vibration performance than the beam with UD-CNTRC face sheets.

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Influence of Perceptual Discriminability and Spatial Distance on Holistic Processing of Faces

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chao-Chih Wang ◽

Gary C.-W. Shyi ◽

Peter Kuan-Hao Cheng

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Face Perception ◽

Spatial Perception ◽

Holistic Processing ◽

Spatial Distance ◽

Perceptual Discrimination ◽

The Face ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Composite Face ◽

Face Task

Background: Holistic processing is defined as the perceptual integration of facial features, and plays an important role in face recognition. While researchers recognize the crucial role played by holistic processing in face perception, a complete delineation of the underlying mechanisms is impending. Very few studies have examined the effects of perceptual discrimination and spatial perception on holistic processing. Hence, the present study aimed to examine the influence of perceptual discrimination and spatial perception on face recognition.Methods: We conducted two experiments by manipulating the perceptual discriminability of the target (the top-half faces) and non-target face (the bottom-half faces) parts in the composite-face task and examined how perceptual discriminability may affect holistic processing of faces.Results: The results of Experiment 1 illustrated that holistic processing was modulated by the perceptual discriminability of the face. Furthermore, differential patterns of perceptual discriminability with the target and non-target parts suggested that different mechanisms may be responsible for the influence of target and non-target parts on face perception. The results of Experiment 2 illustrated that holistic processing was modulated by spatial distance between two faces, implicating that feature-by-feature strategy might decrease the magnitude of holistic processing.Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that holistic processing may lead to augmented perception effect exaggerating the differences between the two faces and may also be affected by the feature-by-feature strategy.

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There's a Time and a Face: The Time Course of Composite Face Processing

10.31234/osf.io/z4ydx ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carmen Lynch ◽

Xue Jun Cheng ◽

Daniel R. Little

Keyword(s):

Face Processing ◽

Processing Time ◽

Time Course ◽

Holistic Processing ◽

Response Signal ◽

The Face ◽

Task Recognition ◽

Speed Accuracy ◽

Composite Face ◽

Face Task

Faces are considered a special class of holistically-processed object. The composite face task is a widely-used tool to infer holistic processing. In this task, recognition of one half of a composite face is shown to be hampered by interference from the other half of the face. Although this effect has been documented numerous times, when used in different paradigms, composite faces do not always exhibit effects consistent with holistic processing. The present study explored the cause of these discrepant findings by combining a composite face task with a signal-to-respond paradigm. The amount of time to make a face recognition decision was manipulated by introducing a response signal, and the resulting changes in accuracy were mapped over the time course of processing, which was then used to fit a speed-accuracy trade-off model. We found that holistic processing emerges late in the time course (after approximately 600 ms processing time). Additionally, we found that only easy-to-detect changes elicited holistic processing.

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Configural Face Processing: A Meta-Analytic Survey

Perception ◽

10.1068/p6928 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 1478-1490 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Raymond Bruyer

Keyword(s):

Face Processing ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Superiority Effect ◽

Face Inversion Effect ◽

Counting Approach ◽

The Face ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Negative Face ◽

Composite Face ◽

Vote Counting

In the field of face processing, the configural hypothesis is defended by many researchers. It is often claimed that this thesis is robustly supported by a large number of experiments exploring the face-inversion effect, the composite face effect, the face superiority effect, and the negative face effect. However, this claim is generally based on a rudimentary and approximate vote-counting approach. In this paper, I use meta-analyses to examine the relevant literature in more depth. The analysis supports the vote-counting argument.

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Evaluation of Thermal Stresses in Sandwich Panels with Chiral Cellular Cores

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.601.242 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 601 ◽

pp. 242-245

Author(s):

Stefan Sorohan ◽

Dan Mihai Constantinescu ◽

Marin Sandu ◽

Adriana Sandu

Keyword(s):

Sandwich Panel ◽

Thermal Stresses ◽

Sandwich Panels ◽

Linear Variation ◽

Simply Supported ◽

Stationary Temperature Field ◽

The Core ◽

The Face ◽

Composite Face ◽

Moduli Of Elasticity

Sandwich panels are important components of advanced structures used in aerospace, automotive, railway, civil engineering etc. They are subjected to high and repeated variations of temperature which induce additional stresses as the core and the face sheets are from different materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion and moduli of elasticity. Therefore it is important to evaluate both mechanical and thermal stresses. In the literature one can find thermo-mechanical analyses of sandwich panels with metallic or composite face sheets and having a honeycomb or compact core made from polyurethane foam. In this paper was analysed a plane sandwich panel made from a cellular rigid polyurethane core, having a chiral configuration and auxetic properties (negative Poissons ratio) exposed to a stationary temperature field with a linear variation from +25 °C on one sheet to-50 °C on the opposite sheet. Two boundary conditions were considered in the thermo-mechanical evaluation: the free panel and the panel simply supported around the edges.

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The role of a composite polycarbonate-aerogel face shield in protecting the human brain from blast-induced injury: A fluid–structure interaction (FSI) study

Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials ◽

10.1177/1099636217733369 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2484-2511 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kwong Ming Tse ◽

Long Bin Tan ◽

Mohamad Ali Bin Sapingi ◽

Melanie Franklyn ◽

Peter Vee Sin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Injuries ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Free Field ◽

Fluid Structure Interaction ◽

Fluid Structure ◽

Structure Interaction ◽

Pressure Transmission ◽

The Face ◽

Composite Face

Background Blast-induced traumatic brain injury is the most prevalent injury sustained by combat soldiers at the frontline. The current study aims to investigate the effectiveness of composite polycarbonate-aerogel face shields with different configurations in mitigating blast-induced brain injuries. Method A series of dynamic fluid–structure interaction simulations of a helmeted head subjected to a frontal free field blast was performed, to evaluate the effectiveness of the current conventional polycarbonate face shield and three other composite face shields with different configurations when exposed to a frontal free-field blast. Results The simulation results demonstrated that the sandwiched structured face shields of polycarbonate and aerogel provided superior blast attenuation than a single-layered polycarbonate face shield. The alternate multi-layered transparent materials of high and low densities provided the best attenuation of blast pressure transmission to the head, with the polycarbonate exterior shell casing contributing to the structural integrity of the face shield, while the lower dense aerogel filler providing high acoustic impedance to blast wave transmission. Conclusion This study provides further insights on future development and design of personal protective equipment in mitigating blast-induced injuries to the head.

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Early Deafness Increases the Face Inversion Effect But Does Not Modulate the Composite Face Effect

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00124 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Adélaïde de Heering ◽

Abeer Aljuhanay ◽

Bruno Rossion ◽

Olivier Pascalis

Keyword(s):

Inversion Effect ◽

Face Inversion Effect ◽

Face Inversion ◽

The Face ◽

Composite Face

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Correlations between holistic processing, Autism quotient, extraversion, and experience and the own-gender bias in face recognition

10.1101/492322 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mia Morgan ◽

Peter James Hills

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Gender Bias ◽

Holistic Processing ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Face Inversion Effect ◽

Autism Quotient ◽

The Face ◽

Processing Mechanisms ◽

Composite Face ◽

Opposite Gender

The variability in the own-gender bias (OGB) in face-recognition is thought to be based on experience (Herlitz & Lovén, 2013) and the engagement of expert face processing mechanisms for own-gender faces. Experience is also associated with personality characteristics such as extraversion and Autism, yet the effects of these variables on the own-gender bias has not been explored. We ran a face recognition study exploring the relationships between opposite-gender experience, holistic processing (measured using the face-inversion effect, composite face effect, and the parts-and-wholes test), personality characteristics (extraversion and Autism Quotient) and the OGB. Findings did not support a mediational account where experience increases holistic processing and this increases the OGB. Rather, there was a direct relationship between extraversion and Autism Quotient and the OGB. We interpret this as personality characteristics having an effect on the motivation to process own-gender faces more deeply than opposite-gender faces.

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