scholarly journals Impacts of Small-Scale Urban Encroachment on Air Temperature Observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald D. Leeper ◽  
John Kochendorfer ◽  
Timothy A. Henderson ◽  
Michael A. Palecki
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Observations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA field experiment was performed in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, with four instrumented towers placed over grass at increasing distances (4, 30, 50, 124, and 300 m) from a built-up area. Stations were aligned in such a way to simulate the impact of small-scale encroachment on temperature observations. As expected, temperature observations were warmest for the site closest to the built environment with an average temperature difference of 0.31° and 0.24°C for aspirated and unaspirated sensors, respectively. Mean aspirated temperature differences were greater during the evening (0.47°C) than during the day (0.16°C). This was particularly true for evenings following greater daytime solar insolation (20+ MJ day−1) with surface winds from the direction of the built environment where mean differences exceeded 0.80°C. The impact of the built environment on air temperature diminished with distance with a warm bias only detectable out to tower B′ located 50 m away. The experimental findings were comparable to a known case of urban encroachment at a U.S. Climate Reference Network station in Kingston, Rhode Island. The experimental and operational results both lead to reductions in the diurnal temperature range of ~0.39°C for fan-aspirated sensors. Interestingly, the unaspirated sensor had a larger reduction in diurnal temperature range (DTR) of 0.48°C. These results suggest that small-scale urban encroachment within 50 m of a station can have important impacts on daily temperature extrema (maximum and minimum) with the magnitude of these differences dependent upon prevailing environmental conditions and sensing technology.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Variability in Surface Air Temperature and Diurnal Temperature Range in Spain over the Period 1950–2011

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Bilbao ◽  
Roberto Román ◽  
Argimiro De Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin), mean (Tmean) air temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR) trends on a seasonal and annual time scale are evaluated from data recorded at nine Spanish weather stations during the period 1950–2011. Temporal and spatial variability in temperatures and in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) are presented. The non-parametric Theil-Sen approach and the Mann-Kendall test are used to evaluate anomaly temperature trends and their statistical significance, respectively. An air temperature reduction in Spain between 1950 and 1980 emerges and significant warming is observed between 1980 and 2011. On a seasonal scale, the weakest trends (mostly insignificant at the 5% confidence level) are noted during autumn, while the strongest warming rates were found during summer and spring. The rate of change between 1950 and 2011 in Tmax, Tmin and Tmean was 1.6 °C, 1.1 °C and 1.3 °C, respectively. DTR trends showed a decrease on the Mediterranean coast and a small change in northern, Atlantic and rural areas. The spatial distribution of annual and seasonal trends was plotted as isoline maps and strong trend gradients from the south to the north of the country are observed. DTR values were negatively correlated with relative humidity and precipitation and positively correlated with sunshine hours.

scholarly journals Dual Effects of Synoptic Weather Patterns and Urbanization on Summer Diurnal Temperature Range in an Urban Agglomeration of East China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Guo ◽  
Minxuan Zhang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Shuhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat Flux ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies on the impact of urbanization on the diurnal temperature range (DTR) have mainly concentrated on the intra-seasonal and interannual–decadal scales, while relatively fewer studies have considered synoptic scales. In particular, the modulation of DTR by different synoptic weather patterns (SWPs) is not yet fully understood. Taking the urban agglomeration of the Yangtze River Delta region (YRDUA) in eastern China as an example, and by using random forest machine learning and objective weather classification methods, this paper analyzes the characteristics of DTR and its urban–rural differences (DTRU–R) in summer from 2013 to 2016, based on surface meteorological observations, satellite remote sensing, and reanalysis data. Ultimately, the influences of urbanization-related factors and different large-scale SWPs on DTR and DTRU–R are explored. Results show that YRDUA is controlled by four SWPs in the 850-hPa geopotential height field in summer, and the DTRs in three sub-regions are significantly different under the four SWPs, indicating that they play a role in regulating the DTR in YRDUA. In terms of the average DTR for each SWP, the southern sub-region of the YRDUA is the highest, followed by the northern sub-region, and the middle sub-region is the lowest, which is most significantly affected by high-level urbanization and high anthropogenic heat emission. The DTRU–R is negative and differs under the four different SWPs with variation in sunshine and rainfall. The difference in anthropogenic heat flux between urban and rural areas is one of the potentially important urbanization-related drivers for DTRU–R. Our findings help towards furthering our understanding of the response of DTR in urban agglomerations to different SWPs via the modulation of local meteorological conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Early Twentieth Century Arctic Warming and Contemporary Arctic Warming in the light of daily and sub-daily data

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-59
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Warming ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Daily Data

Abstract A review of many studies published since the late 1920s reveals that the main driving mechanisms responsible for the Early Twentieth Century Arctic Warming (ETCAW) are not fully recognized. The main obstacle seems to be our limited knowledge about the climate of this period and some forcings. A deeper knowledge based on greater spatial and temporal resolution data is needed. The article provides new (or improved) knowledge about surface air temperature (SAT) conditions (including their extreme states) in the Arctic during the ETCAW. Daily and sub-daily data have been used (mean daily air temperature, maximum and minimum daily temperature, and diurnal temperature range). These were taken from ten individual years (selected from the period 1934–50) for six meteorological stations representing parts of five Arctic climatic regions. Standard SAT characteristics were analyzed (monthly, seasonal, and yearly means), as were rarely investigated aspects of SAT characteristics (e.g., number of characteristic days; day-to-day temperature variability; and onset, end, and duration of thermal seasons). The results were compared with analogical calculations done for data taken from the Contemporary Arctic Warming (CAW) period (2007–16). The Arctic experienced warming between the ETCAW and the CAW. The magnitude of warming was greatest in the Pacific (2.7 °C) and Canadian Arctic (1.9 °C) regions. A shortening of winter and lengthening of summer were registered. Furthermore, the climate was also a little more continental (except the Russian Arctic) and less stable (greater day-to-day variability and diurnal temperature range) during the ETCAW than during the CAW.

Extreme diurnal temperature range and cardiovascular emergency hospitalisations in a Mediterranean region

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Anna Ponjoan ◽  
Jordi Blanch ◽  
Lia Alves-Cabratosa ◽  
Ruth Martí Lluch ◽  
Marc Comas-Cufí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe impact of extreme diurnal temperature range (DTR) on cardiovascular morbidity in Mediterranean regions remains uncertain. We aimed to analyse the impact of extreme low DTR (stable temperature) or high DTR (changeable temperature) on cardiovascular hospitalisations in Catalonia (Southern Europe).MethodsWe conducted a self-controlled case series study using whole-year data from the System for the Development of Research in Primary Care database and 153 weather stations from the Catalan Meteorological Service. The outcome was first emergency hospitalisation. Monthly DTR percentiles were used to define extreme DTR as low (DTR <the 5th percentile) and high (DTR>95th percentile). We assessed two effects: same-day (1-day exposure, coinciding with the extreme DTR episode) and cumulative (3-day exposure, adding two subsequent days). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated adjusted by age, season and air pollution. Stratified analyses by gender, age or cardiovascular type and regions are provided.ResultsWe computed 121 206 cardiovascular hospitalisations from 2006 to 2013. The IRR was 1.032 (95% CI 1.005 to 1.061) for same day and 1.024 (95% CI 1.006 to 1.042) for cumulative effects of extreme high DTR. The impact was significant for stroke and heart failure, but not for coronary heart disease. Conversely, extreme low DTR did not increase cardiovascular hospitalisations.ConclusionsExtreme high DTR increased the incidence of cardiovascular hospitalisations, but not extreme low DTR. Same-day effects of extreme high DTR were stronger than cumulative effects. These findings contribute to better understand the impact of outdoor temperature on health, and to help defining public health strategies to mitigate such impact.

The Relationship between Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) and Rainfall over Northern Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 614-618
Author(s):  
Lukas Beule ◽  
Sarintip Tantanee
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Rainfall Prediction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since 1950, it has been found that the global diurnal temperature range (DTR), the difference between the minimum temperature (Tmin) and the maximum temperature (Tmax) of daily surface air temperature, has been temporally decreasing in several places all over the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of DTR on the amount of total monthly rainfall (TRF) and the number of rainy days per month (RD), as well as to evaluate the possibility of using DTR as a parameter in the rainfall prediction process. The study area is in northern Thailand, which covers about one third of the total area of the country. The impact of DTR on rainfall over the studied area is evaluated from the relationship between DTR and TRF, as well as DTR and RD, by using long-term meteorological monthly data over 30 years (1978-2007). Besides, the relationships of RD, TRF, and the temperature of mean monthly Tmax and Tmin are also analysed. The significance of the correlation between the two parameters is identified by the coefficient of correlation. The possibility of using DTR is evaluated by estimating the relationships between DTR and a one month-lag time of RD and TRF. It is found that the DTR has a strong statistically significant ( > 99%) negative correlation with TRF and RD, as well as with the one month-lag time of TRF and RD. Therefore, it is possible to consider DTR as a significant parameter for rainfall prediction.

The impact of snow cover on diurnal temperature range

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Cerveny ◽  
Robert C. Balling
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The Impact

The influence of diurnal temperature range on the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ONOZUKA
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThe incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been reported to exhibit seasonal variation. However, the impact of diurnal temperature range (DTR) on RSV has not been investigated. After acquiring data related to cases of RSV and weather parameters of DTR in Fukuoka, Japan, between 2006 and 2012, we used negative binomial generalized linear models and distributed lag nonlinear models to assess the possible relationship between DTR and RSV cases, adjusting for confounding factors. Our analysis revealed that the weekly number of RSV cases increased with a relative risk of 3·30 (95% confidence interval 1·65–6·60) for every 1°C increase in DTR. Our study provides quantitative evidence that the number of RSV cases increased significantly with increasing DTR. We suggest that preventive measures for limiting the spread of RSV should be considered during extended periods of high DTR.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature variation and humidity on the mortality of COVID-19 in Wuhan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueling Ma ◽  
Yadong Zhao ◽  
Jiangtao Liu ◽  
Xiaotao He ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Diurnal Temperature Range ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Diurnal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectMeteorological parameters are the important factors influencing the infectious diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This study aims to explore the association between coronavirus disease (COVID-19) death and weather parameters.MethodsIn this study, we collected the daily death number of COVID-19, meteorological and air pollutant data from 20 January, 2020 to 29 February, 2020 in Wuhan, China. Then, the generalized additive model was applied to explore the impact of temperature, humidity and diurnal temperature range on daily mortality of COVID-19.ResultsThere were in total 2299 COVID-19 mortality counts in Wuhan. A positive association with COVID-19 mortality was observed for diurnal temperature range (r = 0.44), but negative association for relative humidity (r = −0.32). In addition, each 1 unit increase in diurnal temperature range was only associated with a 2.92% (95% CI: 0.61%, 5.28%) increase in COVID-19 mortality at lag 3. However, both per 1 unit increase of temperature and absolute humidity were related to the decreased COVID-19 mortality at lag 3 and lag 5, respectively.ConclusionIn summary, this study suggests the temperature variation and humidity may be important factors affecting the COVID-19 mortality.

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