Trends in Snow Cover and Related Quantities at Weather Stations in the Conterminous United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 7518-7528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Knowles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Half ◽  
Precipitation Trends

Abstract Trend tests, linear regression, and canonical correlation analysis were used to quantify changes in National Weather Service Cooperative Observer (COOP) snow depth data and derived quantities, precipitation, snowfall, and temperature over the study period 1950–2010. Despite widespread warming, historical trends in snowfall and snow depth are generally mixed owing to competing influences of trends in precipitation. Trends toward later snow-cover onset in the western half of the conterminous United States and earlier onset in the eastern half and a widespread trend toward earlier final meltoff of snow cover combined to produce trends toward shorter snow seasons in the eastern half of the United States and in the west and longer snow seasons in the Great Plains and southern Rockies. The annual total number of days with snow cover exhibited a widespread decline. Monthly trend patterns show the dominant influence of temperature trends on occurrence of snow cover in the warmer snow-season months and a combination of temperature and precipitation trends in the colder months. A canonical correlation analysis indicated that most trends presented here took hold in the 1970s, consistent with the temporal pattern of global warming during the study period.

A synopsis of the milliped genus Abacion Rafinesque (Callipodida: Caspiopetalidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland M. Shelley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Northeastern Mexico ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
Eastern Half

The milliped genus Abacion is summarized, and tesselatum Rafinesque, lactarium (Say), magnum (Loomis), and texense (Loomis) are recognized as valid species even though a low level of gene interchange may be occurring between tesselatum and magnum in coastal Georgia and tesselatum and lactarium in Illinois. Geographic races do not appear to be developing in any species, and all other species group names are relegated to appropriate synonymies. Abacion occurs widely in the eastern half of the United States, from the Atlantic Ocean to the central Great Plains and from the Great Lakes to southern Florida and northeastern Mexico. Species ranges overlap broadly, and instances of sympatry and syntopy are common. The species are similar anatomically, and the most reliable taxonomic characters are found on the male gonopods, particularly the configurations of the coxal processes and the distal elements of the telopodites.

scholarly journals NOAA’s 1981–2010 U.S. Climate Normals: Monthly Precipitation, Snowfall, and Snow Depth

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2377-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imke Durre ◽  
Michael F. Squires ◽  
Russell S. Vose ◽  
Xungang Yin ◽  
Anthony Arguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
National Climatic Data Center ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractThe 1981–2010 “U.S. Climate Normals” released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center include a suite of monthly, seasonal, and annual statistics that are based on precipitation, snowfall, and snow-depth measurements. This paper describes the procedures used to calculate the average totals, frequencies of occurrence, and percentiles that constitute these normals. All parameters were calculated from a single, state-of-the-art dataset of daily observations, taking care to produce normals that were as representative as possible of the full 1981–2010 period, even when the underlying data records were incomplete. In the resulting product, average precipitation totals are available at approximately 9300 stations across the United States and parts of the Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean islands. Snowfall and snow-depth statistics are provided for approximately 5300 of those stations, as compared with several hundred stations in the 1971–2000 normals. The 1981–2010 statistics exhibit the familiar climatological patterns across the contiguous United States. When compared with the same calculations for 1971–2000, the later period is characterized by a smaller number of days with snow on the ground and less total annual snowfall across much of the contiguous United States; wetter conditions over much of the Great Plains, Midwest, and northern California; and drier conditions over much of the Southeast and Pacific Northwest. These differences are a reflection of the removal of the 1970s and the addition of the 2000s to the 30-yr-normals period as part of this latest revision of the normals.

scholarly journals Relationship between snow cover and atmospheric circulation, central North America, winter 1988

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Derksen ◽  
Kkevin Misurak ◽  
Ellsworth Ledrew ◽  
Joe Piwowar ◽  
Barry Goodison
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Snow Cover Extent

The stochastic relationships between terrestrial snow water equivalent (SWE) and measures of the atmospheric circulation were investigated for the Canadian Prairies and the American Great Plains for the winter of 1988. Snow-cover extent, derived from EASE-grid SSM/I satellite data, and griddcd atmospheric data from the National Meteorological Center were averaged at five day intervals. Principal components analysis (PCA) were performed for the time series of SSM/I snow-cover imagery as well as for 700 mb geopotential height and temperature, 500 mb height and 700–500 mb thickness. Canonical correlation analysis of the derived principal component weights was used to identify relationships between atmospheric variables and SWE. Results of the PCA indicate that a high degree of variance in upper air variables (>75%) can be explained by the first three principal components, while the first three SWE components account for over 90% of the variance in the original data. Results of the canonical correlation analysis show positive relationships between snow-cover accumulation and a meridional pressure distribution pattern, while snow ablation is linked to a zonal atmospheric pressure pattern.

scholarly journals Relationship between snow cover and atmospheric circulation, central North America, winter 1988

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Derksen ◽  
Kkevin Misurak ◽  
Ellsworth Ledrew ◽  
Joe Piwowar ◽  
Barry Goodison
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Snow Cover Extent

The stochastic relationships between terrestrial snow water equivalent (SWE) and measures of the atmospheric circulation were investigated for the Canadian Prairies and the American Great Plains for the winter of 1988. Snow-cover extent, derived from EASE-grid SSM/I satellite data, and griddcd atmospheric data from the National Meteorological Center were averaged at five day intervals. Principal components analysis (PCA) were performed for the time series of SSM/I snow-cover imagery as well as for 700 mb geopotential height and temperature, 500 mb height and 700–500 mb thickness. Canonical correlation analysis of the derived principal component weights was used to identify relationships between atmospheric variables and SWE. Results of the PCA indicate that a high degree of variance in upper air variables (>75%) can be explained by the first three principal components, while the first three SWE components account for over 90% of the variance in the original data. Results of the canonical correlation analysis show positive relationships between snow-cover accumulation and a meridional pressure distribution pattern, while snow ablation is linked to a zonal atmospheric pressure pattern.

Relationships Between Positive Human Traits and PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishments) in Student Veterans With and Without Disabilities: A Canonical Correlation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Emre Umucu ◽  
Beatrice Lee ◽  
Kanako Iwanaga ◽  
Kristin Kosyluk ◽  
John Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Veterans ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Elements

PurposeWe explored the relationships between positive human traits and positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement (PERMA) the core elements for Seligman's model of happiness and well-being.MethodTwo hundred and five student veterans (147 males and 58 females; 80 with service-related disability) were recruited from several colleges and universities across the United States. Participants completed positive human traits measures on resilience, hope, optimism, attachment, and coping, along with the PERMA Profiler that measures the five core elements of the well-being theory. Correlational techniques and canonical correlation analysis were computed to examine the canonical relationship between positive human traits and PERMA variables.ResultsOverall, the positive human traits set accounted for 37% of the variance in the PERMA set, whereas the PERMA set accounted for 51% of the variance in the positive human traits set.ConclusionsThe research findings suggest that human traits can be conceptualized as building blocks for PERMA, and PERMA are the core elements for happiness and well-being. Importantly, student veterans with disabilities had significantly lower resilience, secure attachment and PERMA scores. Positive psychology interventions to help student veterans, especially students with service-related disabilities, develop character strengths, and PERMA could improve college life adjustment and goal persistence of student veterans.

Analysis of Maximum Expiratory Flow Volume Curves Using Canonical Correlation Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van Pelt ◽  
Ph. H. Quanjer ◽  
M. E. Wise ◽  
E. van der Burg ◽  
R. van der Lende
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

SummaryAs part of a population study on chronic lung disease in the Netherlands, an investigation is made of the relationship of both age and sex with indices describing the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve. To determine the relationship, non-linear canonical correlation was used as realized in the computer program CANALS, a combination of ordinary canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and non-linear transformations of the variables. This method enhances the generality of the relationship to be found and has the advantage of showing the relative importance of categories or ranges within a variable with respect to that relationship. The above is exemplified by describing the relationship of age and sex with variables concerning respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. The analysis of age and sex with MEFV curve indices shows that non-linear canonical correlation analysis is an efficient tool in analysing size and shape of the MEFV curve and can be used to derive parameters concerning the whole curve.

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