scholarly journals Weakening of the Tropical Atmospheric Circulation Response to Local Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies under Global Warming

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 8149-8158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Huang ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Jun Ying
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract In the tropics, the atmospheric circulation response to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is a crucial part of the tropical air–sea interaction—the primary process of tropical climate. How it will change under global warming is of great importance to tropical climate change. Here, it is shown that the atmospheric vertical circulation response to local SST anomalies will likely be weakened under global warming using 28 selected models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The weakening of the circulation response to SST anomalies is closely tied to the increased atmospheric stability under global warming, which increases at the same rate as the circulation response decreases—around 8% for 1 K of tropical-mean SST warming. The spatial pattern of background warming can modify—especially in the equatorial central-eastern Pacific—the spatial distribution of the changes in the circulation response. The atmospheric response to SST anomalies may increase where the local background warming is pronouncedly greater than the tropical mean. The general weakening of the atmospheric circulation response to SST anomalies leads to a decreased circulation response to the structured variability of tropical SST anomalies, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Indian Ocean dipole. The decreased circulation response will offset some of the enhancement of the tropical rainfall response to these SST modes as a result of global-warming-induced moisture increase and also implies a decreased amplitude of the tropical air–sea interaction modes.

Global Monsoon Responses to Decadal Sea Surface Temperature Variations during the Twentieth Century: Evidence from AGCM Simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (22) ◽  
pp. 7675-7695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Jiang ◽  
Tianjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Monsoon Precipitation ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract Multidecadal variations in the global land monsoon were observed during the twentieth century, with an overall increasing trend from 1901 to 1955 that was followed by a decreasing trend up to 1990, but the mechanisms governing the above changes remain inconclusive. Based on the outputs of two atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) forced by historical sea surface temperature (SST) covering the twentieth century, supplemented with AGCM simulations forced by idealized SST anomalies representing different conditions of the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific, evidence shows that the observed changes can be partly reproduced, particularly over the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon (NHSM) domain, demonstrating the modulation of decadal SST changes on the long-term variations in monsoon precipitation. Moisture budget analysis is performed to understand the interdecadal changes in monsoon precipitation, and the dynamic term associated with atmospheric circulation changes is found to be prominent, while the contribution of the thermodynamic term associated with humidity changes can lead to coincident wetting over the NHSM domain. The increase (decrease) in NHSM land precipitation during 1901–55 (1956–90) is associated with the strengthening (weakening) of NHSM circulation and Walker circulation. The multidecadal scale changes in atmospheric circulation are driven by SST anomalies over the North Atlantic and the Pacific. A warmer North Atlantic together with a colder eastern tropical Pacific and a warmer western subtropical Pacific can lead to a strengthened meridional gradient in mid-to-upper-tropospheric thickness and strengthened trade winds, which transport more water vapor into monsoon regions, leading to an increase in monsoon precipitation.

scholarly journals Responses of atmospheric circulation to sea surface temperature anomalies in the South China Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1693-1710
Author(s):  
M. Zhou ◽  
G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Stream Function ◽  
South China ◽  
Vortex Pair ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract. The sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the South China Sea (SCS) and their influences on global atmospheric circulation were studied. The results of the simple atmospheric model suggested that the SCS SST anomalies can induce several barotropic wave trains from the SCS to other regions such as North America, high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere and the Mediterranean. The baroclinic stream function anomalies from the simple model showed an anticyclonic vortex pair in East Asia and southern tropical Indian Ocean and a cyclonic vortex pair in the North Pacific and the Southwest Pacific. It is suggested that the spatial pattern of SST anomalies in the SCS can affect the magnitude of stream function anomalies, although it cannot affect the spatial pattern of atmospheric circulation.

scholarly journals Recent changes (2013-2017) in scyphomedusan fauna in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro (Southeast Adriatic)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Ivana Violić ◽  
Davor Lučić ◽  
Ivona Milić Beran ◽  
Vesna Mačić ◽  
Branka Pestorić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Sst Anomalies ◽  
Chrysaora Hysoscella

A semi- quantitative time series (2013-2017) was used to present the recent events of scyphomedusae appearance and abundance in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro, Southeast Adriatic. Six meroplanktonic species were recorded: Aurelia spp, Chrysaora hysoscella, Cotylorhiza tuberculata ̧ Discomedusa lobata, Drymonema dalmatinum and Rhizostoma pulmo. Among them, C. hysoscella and D. lobata dominated in the water column during winter and spring, forming dense aggregations in March and May, and February to May, respectively. Our description of the D. lobata blooms are actually the first known records of blooms for this species. C. tuberculata was observed in the Bay principally in August and September. The bloom was occurred only in 2017, being the first information of C. tuberculata mass appearance in this area. We hypothesized that global warming phenomena could trigger the observed changes, and in this respect, long-term trends of sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuations were analysed. The scyphomedusae blooms coincided with high positive SST anomalies, noted in the last seven years for this area. To better understand the mechanisms underlying changes in their phenology and abundance, detailed studies on benthic stages in the Bay are essential.

scholarly journals Reinitializing Sea Surface Temperature in the Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model for Improved Forecasts

Axioms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Sittisak Injan ◽  
Angkool Wangwongchai ◽  
Usa Humphries ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
Abdullahi Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Intermediate Coupled Model ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

The Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model (EICM) is a model used for studying the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean, which is anomalies in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are observed. This research aims to implement Cressman to improve SST forecasts. The simulation considers two cases in this work: the control case and the Cressman initialized case. These cases are simulations using different inputs where the two inputs differ in terms of their resolution and data source. The Cressman method is used to initialize the model with an analysis product based on satellite data and in situ data such as ships, buoys, and Argo floats, with a resolution of 0.25 × 0.25 degrees. The results of this inclusion are the Cressman Initialized Ensemble Intermediate Coupled Model (CIEICM). Forecasting of the sea surface temperature anomalies was conducted using both the EICM and the CIEICM. The results show that the calculation of SST field from the CIEICM was more accurate than that from the EICM. The forecast using the CIEICM initialization with the higher-resolution satellite-based analysis at a 6-month lead time improved the root mean square deviation to 0.794 from 0.808 and the correlation coefficient to 0.630 from 0.611, compared the control model that was directly initialized with the low-resolution in-situ-based analysis.

Interdecadal Change in Properties of El Niño–Southern Oscillation in an Intermediate Coupled Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Hua Zhang ◽  
Antonio J. Busalacchi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Subsurface Temperature ◽  
Intermediate Coupled Model

Abstract The role of subsurface temperature variability in modulating El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) properties is examined using an intermediate coupled model (ICM), consisting of an intermediate dynamic ocean model and a sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly model. An empirical procedure is used to parameterize the temperature of subsurface water entrained into the mixed layer (Te) from sea level (SL) anomalies via a singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis for use in simulating sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). The ocean model is coupled to a statistical atmospheric model that estimates wind stress anomalies also from an SVD analysis. Using the empirical Te models constructed from two subperiods, 1963–79 (T63–79e) and 1980–96 (T80–96e), the coupled system exhibits strikingly different properties of interannual variability (the oscillation period, spatial structure, and temporal evolution). For the T63–79e model, the system features a 2-yr oscillation and westward propagation of SSTAs on the equator, while for the T80–96e model, it is characterized by a 5-yr oscillation and eastward propagation. These changes in ENSO properties are consistent with the behavior shift of El Niño observed in the late 1970s. Heat budget analyses further demonstrate a controlling role played by the vertical advection of subsurface temperature anomalies in determining the ENSO properties.

A Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Climatology and Linkages to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Diamond ◽  
Andrew M. Lorrey ◽  
James A. Renwick
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
Enso Phases

Abstract The new South Pacific Enhanced Archive for Tropical Cyclones (SPEArTC) dataset provides an opportunity to develop a more complete climatology of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the southwest Pacific. Here, spatial patterns and characteristics of TCs for the 41-yr period beginning with the 1969/70 season are related to phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), taking into account the degree of ocean–atmosphere coupling. Twentieth-century reanalysis data and the coupled ENSO index (CEI) were used to investigate TC genesis areas and climate diagnostics in the extratropical transition (ETT) region at and south of 25°S during different CEI ENSO phases. This is the first study looking at CEI-based ENSO phases and the more detailed relationship of TCs to the coupling of the ocean and atmosphere during different ENSO phases. Consistent with previous findings, positive relationships exist among TCs, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric circulation. A statistically significant greater frequency of major TCs was found during the latter half of the study period (1991–2010) compared to the 1970–90 period, again consistent with the findings of other studies. Also found were significant and consistent linkages highlighting the interplay of TCs and sea surface temperature (SSTs) in the southwest Pacific basin west of 170°E and a closer connection to atmospheric circulation east of 170°E. Moreover, this study demonstrates subtle differences between a fully coupled El Niño or La Niña and atmospheric- or ocean-dominated phases, or neutral conditions.

scholarly journals Identification of Global Warming Contribution to the El Niño Phenomenon Using Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis

Agromet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Mochamad Tito Julianto ◽  
Septian Dhimas ◽  
Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan ◽  
Sri Nurdiati ◽  
Pandu Septiawan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Empirical Orthogonal Function ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Orthogonal Function

Sea surface temperature (SST) is identified as one of the essential climate/ocean variables. The increased SST levels worldwide is associated with global warming which is due to excessive amounts of greenhouse gases being released into the atmosphere causing the multi-decadal tendency to warmer SST. Moreover, global warming has caused more frequent extreme El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, which are the most dominant mode in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system on an interannual time scale. The objective of this research is to calculate the contribution of global warming to the ENSO phenomenon.  SST anomalies (SSTA) variability rosed from several mechanisms with differing timescales. Therefore, the Empirical Orthogonal Function in this study was used to analyze the data of Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature anomaly. By using EOF analysis, the pattern in data such as precipitation and drought pattern can be obtained. The result of this research showed that the most dominant EOF mode reveals the time series pattern of global warming, while the second most dominant EOF mode reveals the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The modes from this EOF method have good performance with 95.8% accuracy rate.

scholarly journals Responses of atmospheric circulation to sea surface temperature anomalies in the South China Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 873-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Zhou ◽  
G. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Stream Function ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract. The sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the South China Sea (SCS) and their influences on global atmospheric circulation were studied. The results of a simple atmospheric model suggested that the SCS SST anomalies can induce several barotropic wave trains from the SCS to other regions such as North America, high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere and the Mediterranean. The baroclinic stream function anomalies from the simple model showed an anticyclonic vortex pair in the Asian continent and the northern and southern Indian Ocean and a cyclonic vortex in the North Pacific and the southwestern Pacific. It is suggested that the spatial pattern of SST anomalies in the SCS can affect the magnitude of stream function anomalies, although it cannot affect the spatial pattern of atmospheric circulation.

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