Associated atmospheric mechanisms for the increased cold season precipitation over the Three-River Headwaters region from the late 1980s

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shasha Shang ◽  
Gaofeng Zhu ◽  
Jianhui Wei ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Hadley Circulation ◽  
Walker Circulation ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Westerly Jet ◽  
Tropical Oceans

AbstractPrecipitation in the Three-River Headwater (TRH) region has undergone significant changes as a result of global warming, which can affect water resources in downstream regions of Asia. However, the underlying mechanisms of the precipitation variability during the cold season (October to April), are still not fully understood. In this study, the daily China gridded precipitation product of CN05.1 as well as the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis are used to investigate the characteristics of the cold season precipitation variability over the TRH region and associated atmospheric mechanisms. The cold season precipitation shows an increasing trend (5.5 mm decade-1) from 1961 to 2014, with a dry-to-wet shift in around the late 1980s. The results indicate that the increased precipitation is associated with the enhanced easterly anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and enhanced southeasterly water vapor transport. The enhanced Walker circulations, caused by the gradients of sea surface temperature between the equatorial central-eastern Pacific and Indo-western Pacific in tropical oceans, resulted in strengthened easterly anomalies over the TP and the westward expansion of the anticyclone in the western North Pacific. Meanwhile, the changed Walker circulation is accompanied by a strengthened local Hadley circulation which leads to enhanced meridional water vapor transport from tropical oceans and the South China Sea toward the TRH region. Furthermore, the strengthened East Asia Subtropical Westerly jet may contribute to the enhanced divergence at upper level and anomalous ascending motion above the TRH region leading to more precipitation.

Role of Tibetan Plateau in Northern Drought induced by Changes in Subtropical Westerly Jet

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Qingzhe Zhu ◽  
Yuzhi Liu ◽  
Tianbin Shao ◽  
Run Luo ◽  
Ziyuan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
North China ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Westerly Jet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subtropical Westerly Jet

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP), the “Water Tower of Asia”, plays an important role in the water cycle. However, few studies have linked the TP’s water vapor supply with the climate over North China. In this study, we found that changes in the subtropical westerly jet (SWJ) dynamically induce drought in North China, and the TP plays an important role in this relationship. During July-August for the period of 1981-2019, the SWJ center between 75°E and 105°E obviously shifted northward at a rate of 0.04° per year. Correspondingly, the zonal winds in the southern subtropics were incredibly weakened, causing the outflow of water vapor from the TP to decrease dramatically. Combined with numerical simulations, we discovered that a reduction in water vapor transport from the TP can obviously decrease the precipitation over North China. Sensitivity experiments demonstrated that if the water vapor outflow from the eastern border of the TP decreases by 52.74%, the precipitation in North China will decrease by 12.69% due to a decrease in the local cloud fraction caused by a diminished water vapor content in the atmosphere. Therefore, although less water vapor transport occurs in the upper troposphere than in the lower troposphere, the impact of transport from the TP in the former on the downstream precipitation cannot be ignored.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Water Vapor Transport during Mei-Yu Front Rainstorm Period over the Tibetan Plateau and Yangtze-Huai River Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yang ◽  
Guan-yu Xu ◽  
Xiaofang Wang ◽  
Chunguang Cui ◽  
Jingyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Huai River ◽  
The Indian Ocean

There are continuous precipitation systems moving eastward from the Tibetan Plateau to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze-Huai River during the Mei-yu period. We selected 20 typical Mei-yu front precipitation cases from 2010 to 2015 based on observational and reanalysis data and studied the characteristics of their environmental fields. We quantitatively analyzed the transport and sources of water vapor in the rainstorms using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT_4.9) model. All 20 Mei-yu front precipitation cases occurred in a wide region from the Tibetan Plateau to the Yangtze-Huai River. The South Asian high and upper level jet stream both had strong intensities during the Mei-yu front rainstorm periods. Heavy rainfall mainly occurred in the divergence zone to the right of the high-level jet and in the convergence zone of the low-level jet, where strong vertical upward flows provided the dynamic conditions required for heavy rainfall. The water vapor mainly originated from the Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, and South China Sea. 52% of the air masses over the western Tibetan Plateau originated from Central Asia, which were rich in water vapor. The water vapor contribution at the initial position was only 41.5% due to the dry, cold air mass over Eurasia, but increased to 47.6% at the final position. Over the eastern Tibetan Plateau to the Sichuan Basin region, 40% of the air parcels came from the Indian Ocean, which was the main channel for water vapor transport. For the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, 37% of the air parcels originated from the warm and humid Indian Ocean. The water vapor contribution at the initial position was 38.6%, but increased to 40.2% after long-distance transportation.

scholarly journals A vertical transport window of water vapor in the troposphere over the Tibetan Plateau with implication for global change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangde Xu ◽  
Chan Sun ◽  
Deliang Chen ◽  
Tianliang Zhao ◽  
Jianjun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
High Water ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. By using the multi-source data of meteorology over recent decades, this study discovered a summertime “hollow wet pool” in the troposphere with a center of high water vapor over Asian water tower (AWT) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), where is featured by a vertical transport “window” in the troposphere. The water vapor transport in the upper troposphere extends from the vertical transport window over the TP with the significant connections among the Arctic, Antarctic and TP regions, highlighting an effect of TP’s vertical transport window of tropospheric vapor in the “hollow wet pool” on global change. The vertical transport window was built by the AWT’s thermal forcing in associated with the dynamic effect of the TP’s “hollow heat island”. Our study improve the understanding on the vapor transport over the TP with an important implication to global change.

scholarly journals Analysis of the 2008 heavy snowfall over South China using GPS PWV measurements from the Tibetan Plateau

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1369-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xie ◽  
F. Wei ◽  
G. Chen ◽  
T. Zhang ◽  
L. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
South China ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
The One

Abstract. Four successive storms with freezing rain and snow blanketed South China from 10 January–2 February 2008, when the precipitation increased more than 200%–300% above the average for the corresponding period. The unusual atmospheric circulation associated with these disasters was caused by many complex physical processes, one of which was the active southern branch of currents over low latitude ocean areas which provided plenty of water vapor for South China. The ground-based GPS Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) measurements on the Tibetan Plateau, supported by the China and Japan Intergovernmental Cooperation Program (JICA), has compensated for the lack of conventional observations of atmospheric water vapor in this area and provided a good opportunity to analyze the character of the water vapor transport in the four heavy precipitation processes. It was found that the GPS stations located on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau were on the route of the water vapor transport during 25 January–29 January and 31 January–2 February when two heavy precipitation events occurred over South China. The increasing trend from the one to two days pre-observation by the GPS stations was then associated with the heavy precipitation. Precipitation during 10 January–16 January and 18 January–22 January was significantly related to the abnormal variation of the one day pre-observation by the GPS stations located on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. This research indicates that ground-based GPS measurements are applicable to data assimilation in operational numerical models.

A study on the water vapor transport trend and water vapor source of the Tibetan Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kepiao Xu ◽  
Lei Zhong ◽  
Yaoming Ma ◽  
Mijun Zou ◽  
Ziyu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Vapor Source ◽  
Water Vapor Source

scholarly journals Melatonin and Pathological Cell Interactions: Mitochondrial Glucose Processing in Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12494
Author(s):  
Russel J. Reiter ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Corral ◽  
Walter Manucha ◽  
Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Maritime Continent ◽  
Easterly Wind

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), atmosphere, and Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) together constitute a regional land–atmosphere–ocean water vapor transport system. This study uses remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and observational data to explore the spatiotemporal variations of the summer atmospheric water cycle over the TP and its possible response to the air–sea interaction in the IPWP during the period 1958–2019. The results reveal that the atmospheric water cycle process over the TP presented an interannual and interdecadal strengthening trend. The climatic precipitation recycle ratio (PRR) over the TP was 18%, and the stronger the evapotranspiration, the higher the PRR. On the interdecadal scale, the change in evapotranspiration has a significant negative correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. The variability of the water vapor transport (WVT) over the TP was controlled by the dynamic and thermal conditions inside the plateau and the external air–sea interaction processes of the IPWP. When the summer monsoon over the TP was strong, there was an anomalous cyclonic WVT, which increased the water vapor budget (WVB) over the TP. The central and eastern tropical Pacific, the maritime continent and the western Indian Ocean together constituted the triple Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly, which enhanced the convective activity over the IPWP and induced a significant easterly wind anomaly in the middle and lower troposphere, and then generated pronounced easterly WVT anomalies from the tropical Pacific to the maritime continent and the Bay of Bengal. Affected by the air–sea changes in the IPWP, the combined effects of the upstream strengthening and the downstream weakening in the water vapor transport process, directly and indirectly, increased the water vapor transport and budget of TP.

scholarly journals The Variability of Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Response to the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4676
Author(s):  
Deli Meng ◽  
Wanjiao Song ◽  
Qing Dong ◽  
Zi Yin ◽  
Wenbo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Atmospheric Water ◽  
Maritime Continent ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), atmosphere, and Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) together constitute a regional land–atmosphere–ocean water vapor transport system. This study uses remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and observational data to explore the spatiotemporal variations of the summer atmospheric water cycle over the TP and its possible response to the air-sea interaction in the IPWP during the period 1958–2019. The results reveal that the atmospheric water cycle process over the TP presented an interannual and interdecadal strengthening trend. The climatic precipitation recycle ratio (PRR) over the TP was 18%, and the stronger the evapotranspiration, the higher the PRR. On the interdecadal scale, the change in evapotranspiration has a significant negative correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. The variability of the water vapor transport (WVT) over the TP was controlled by the dynamic and thermal conditions inside the plateau and the external air-sea interaction processes of the IPWP. When the summer monsoon over the TP was strong, there was an anomalous cyclonic WVT, which increased the water vapor budget (WVB) over the TP. The central and eastern tropical Pacific, the maritime continent and the western Indian Ocean together constituted the triple Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomaly, which enhanced the convective activity over the IPWP and induced a significant easterly wind anomaly in the middle and lower troposphere, and then generated pronounced easterly WVT anomalies from the tropical Pacific to the maritime continent and the Bay of Bengal. Affected by the air-sea changes in the IPWP, the combined effects of the upstream strengthening and the downstream weakening in the water vapor transport process, directly and indirectly, increased the water vapor transport and budget of TP.

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