scholarly journals On the Structure and Dynamics of Indian Monsoon Depressions

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 3391-3416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran M. R. Hunt ◽  
Andrew G. Turner ◽  
Peter M. Inness ◽  
David E. Parker ◽  
Richard C. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Feature Tracking ◽  
Indian Monsoon ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Monsoon Depressions ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Background State ◽  
Axial Tilt

ERA-Interim reanalysis data from the past 35 years have been used with a newly developed feature tracking algorithm to identify Indian monsoon depressions originating in or near the Bay of Bengal. These were then rotated, centralized, and combined to give a fully three-dimensional 106-depression composite structure—a considerably larger sample than any previous detailed study on monsoon depressions and their structure. Many known features of depression structure are confirmed, particularly the existence of a maximum to the southwest of the center in rainfall and other fields and a westward axial tilt in others. Additionally, the depressions are found to have significant asymmetry owing to the presence of the Himalayas, a bimodal midtropospheric potential vorticity core, a separation into thermally cold (~−1.5 K) and neutral (~0 K) cores near the surface with distinct properties, and the center has very large CAPE and very small CIN. Variability as a function of background state has also been explored, with land–coast–sea, diurnal, ENSO, active–break, and Indian Ocean dipole contrasts considered. Depressions are found to be markedly stronger during the active phase of the monsoon, as well as during La Niña. Depressions on land are shown to be more intense and more tightly constrained to the central axis. A detailed schematic diagram of a vertical cross section through a composite depression is also presented, showing its inherent asymmetric structure.

scholarly journals P946 Right atrial volumetric and functional analysis by three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in acromegaly

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kormanyos ◽  
A Kalapos ◽  
P Domsik ◽  
N Gyenes ◽  
N Ambrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Atrial Contraction

Abstract Introduction Acromegaly is a chronic, rare hormonal disease associated with major cardiovascular comorbidities. The disease, in the majority of the cases, is caused by a benign human growth hormone secreting adenoma. Cardiovascular involvement is especially common in acromegaly patients from the most common hypertension to cardiomyopathy. It was set out to quantify right atrial (RA) morphology and function in a group of acromegaly patients using three-dimensional (3D) speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE). Methods The study comprised 30 patients from which 8 patients were excluded due to inadequate image quality. Mean age of the remaining acromegaly patients were 53.7 ± 14.5 years (7 males). Ten patients were in active phase, while 12 subjects had inactive acromegaly. In the control group 40 healthy adults were enrolled (mean age: 52.3 ± 8.2 years, 15 males). In each case, complete two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography was performed followed by 3DSTE. Results Maximum (54.5 ± 14.4 ml vs. 47.2 ± 11.6 ml, p <0.05) and minimum (35.5 ± 10.2 ml vs. 29.2 ± 9.1 ml, p <0.05) RA volumes and RA volume before atrial contraction (45.1 ± 11.1 ml vs. 38.2 ± 10.3 ml, p <0.05) were significantly higher in case of acromegaly compared to the healthy controls. Both global and mean segmental peak 3D strain (-11.94 ± 7.52% vs. -8.07 ± 5.03%, p <0.05 and -17.16 ± 6.13% vs. -13.78 ± 5.35%, p <0.05) were higher in the acromegaly group compared to the controls. At atrial contraction, mean segmental radial strain (-13.22 ± 6.45% vs. -9.74 ± 4.58%, p <0.05) was significantly higher and mean segmental 3D strain (-9.78 ± 5.44% vs. -13.78 ± 5.35%, p <0.05) was significantly lower in the acromegaly group compared to the controls. Between the active and inactive group of acromegaly patients, mean segmental longitudinal strain (28.17 ± 4.89% vs. 35.34 ± 9.75%, p <0.05) was significantly different. Numerous independent strain parameters had significant correlations with different hormonal variables in the active acromegaly group. These correlations were not present in the inactive acromegaly subgroup. Conclusion Acromegaly is associated with significant RA volumetric and functional abnormalities.

Analysis of Three-Dimensional Image Data: Display and Feature Tracking

1992 ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Kam ◽  
Hans Chen ◽  
John W. Sedat ◽  
David A. Agard
Keyword(s):  
Feature Tracking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Dimensional Image

scholarly journals An aqueous preoxidation method for monolithic perovskite electrocatalysts with enhanced water oxidation performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. e1600495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Quan Li ◽  
Cheng Tang ◽  
Hao-Fan Wang ◽  
Xiao-Lin Zhu ◽  
Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Perovskite Oxides ◽  
High Temperature Annealing ◽  
Current Collectors ◽  
Oxidation Performance

Perovskite oxides with poor conductivity call for three-dimensional (3D) conductive scaffolds to demonstrate their superb reactivities for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, perovskite formation usually requires high-temperature annealing at 600° to 900°C in air, under which most of the used conductive frameworks (for example, carbon and metal current collectors) are reductive and cannot survive. We propose a preoxidization coupled electrodeposition strategy in which Co2+ is preoxidized to Co3+ through cobalt Fenton reaction in aqueous solution, whereas the reductive nickel framework is well maintained during the sequential annealing under nonoxidative atmosphere. The in situ–generated Co3+ is inherited into oxidized perovskites deposited on 3D nickel foam, rendering the monolithic perovskite electrocatalysts with extraordinary OER performance with an ultralow overpotential of 350 mV required for 10 mA cm−2, a very small Tafel slope of 59 mV dec−1, and superb stability in 0.10 M KOH. Therefore, we inaugurate a unique strategy for in situ hybridization of oxidative active phase with reductive framework, affording superb reactivity of perovskite electrocatalyst for efficient water oxidation.

scholarly journals Adiabatic westward drift of Indian monsoon depressions

2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (689) ◽  
pp. 1035-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Boos ◽  
J. V. Hurley ◽  
V. S. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Indian Monsoon ◽  
Monsoon Depressions ◽  
Westward Drift

scholarly journals Morphology- and Crystalline Composition-Governed Activity of Titania-Based Photocatalysts: Overview and Perspective

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunlei Wang ◽  
Marcin Janczarek ◽  
Zhishun Wei ◽  
Tharishinny Raja-Mogan ◽  
Maya Endo-Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
High Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Continuous Use

Titania photocatalysts have been intensively examined for both mechanism study and possible commercial applications for more than 30 years. Although various reports have already been published on titania, including comprehensive review papers, the morphology-governed activity, especially for novel nanostructures, has not been reviewed recently. Therefore, this paper presents novel, attractive, and prospective titania photocatalysts, including zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensional titania structures. The 1D, 2D, and 3D titania structures have been mainly designed for possible applications, e.g., (i) continuous use without the necessity of particulate titania separation, (ii) efficient light harvesting (e.g., inverse opals), (iii) enhanced activity (fast charge carriers’ separation, e.g., 1D nanoplates and 2D nanotubes). It should be pointed out that these structures might be also useful for mechanism investigation, e.g., (i) 3D titania aerogels with gold either incorporated inside the 3D network or supported in the porosity, and (ii) titania mesocrystals with gold deposited either on basal or lateral surfaces, for the clarification of plasmonic photocatalysis. Moreover, 0D nanostructures of special composition and morphology, e.g., magnetic(core)–titania(shell), mixed-phase titania (anatase/rutile/brookite), and faceted titania NPs have been presented, due to their exceptional properties, including easy separation in the magnetic field, high activity, and mechanism clarification, respectively. Although anatase has been usually thought as the most active phase of titania, the co-existence of other crystalline phases accelerates the photocatalytic activity significantly, and thus mixed-phase titania (e.g., famous P25) exhibits high photocatalytic activity for both oxidation and reduction reactions. It is believed that this review might be useful for the architecture design of novel nanomaterials for broad and diverse applications, including environmental purification, energy conversion, synthesis and preparation of “intelligent” surfaces with self-cleaning, antifogging, and antiseptic properties.

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