THE USE OF ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY IN DIFFERENTIATING PSYCHOGENIC DISORDERS AND ORGANIC BRAIN DISEASES

1956 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP S. BERGMAN ◽  
MARTIN A. GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Psychogenic Disorders

scholarly journals Fatigue as a symptom of neurological diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
T. V. Baidina ◽  
T. I. Kolesova ◽  
Yu. V. Malinina ◽  
T. N. Trushnikova ◽  
M. A. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fatigue Severity ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Fatigue Impact Scale

Objective. The aim of the work was to study the fatigue syndrome in various organic brain diseases. Materials and methods. Patients in the recovery period of hemispheric stroke, with Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis were examined. Along with the clinical one, there was conducted a study using the asthenia questionnaire MFI-20, FIS (Fatigue Impact Scale), FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale). Results. It has been established that patients with various diseases of the central nervous system have a syndrome of fatigue, which is a nosogenic one, that is, a consequence of organic brain damage.

The features of psychopathology and cognitive impairments in various variants of the psychoorganic syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
V. V. Rostovschikov ◽  
E. G. Ivanchuk ◽  
S. I. Rostovschikova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Organic Syndrome ◽  
Cortical Functions

Mental disorders and cognitive impairments are more or less inherent in most organic brain diseases. The psychoorganic syndrome is the consequence and one of the fundamental manifestations of such diseases. The article discusses the results of the analysis of the features of psychopathology and neurocognitive symptom complex in patients with psychoorganic syndrome of different aetiologies, with an assessment of impairments of higher cortical functions depending on the variant of the psycho-organic syndrome.

scholarly journals 551 - Case Report: De Archambault’s syndrome in the early stage of dementia with Lewy bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Takashi Suehiro ◽  
Yuto Satake ◽  
Mamoru Hashimoto ◽  
Hisahiro Yu ◽  
Manabu Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Degenerative Dementia ◽  
Organic Brain

Background:Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common form of degenerative dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. In some patients with DLB, relatively rare delusions are known to emerge, such as Othello syndrome, delusional parasitosis and delusion of duplication. Erotomania, also known as de Clerambault’s syndrome, is characterized by the delusion that a person has fallen in love with the patient. It occasionally appears secondary to psychiatric disorders and organic brain diseases. However, there have been no reports on cases secondary to patients with DLB.Case presentation:The patient was an 83-year-old woman who lived alone. Mild cognitive impairment appeared at the age of 82 years. Soon after, she had the delusional conviction that her family doctor was in love with her. Her symptoms, such as gradually progressive cognitive impairment, cognitive fluctuations, and parkinsonism, indicated DLB. Although small doses of quetiapine, brexpiprazole and risperidone were prescribed for the treatment of the delusion, each of them was discontinued soon because of the adverse reactions. Finally, the delusion was successfully treated with a small dose of blonanserin without sever side effects.Discussions and Conclusions:This case report suggests the possibility of de Clerambault’s syndrome during the early stages of DLB. Recently, psychiatric-onset DLB has increasingly gained attention in recent years. Further accumulation of knowledge about delusions in patients with DLB for an early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Dissociation in Patients with Non-Psychotic Mental Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Rinata Iskanderova ◽  
Valeriy V. Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Dissociative Amnesia ◽  
Dissociative Experience ◽  
Dissociative Experience Scale ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Psychogenic Disorders

Background. Dissociation is a generally recognized phenomenon in psychology and psychiatry; however, questions are still not fully resolved about the di!erence between pathological and normal dissociation, as well as the role of dissociation, depending on its aetiology, in the formation of clinical manifestations of mental disorders. Objective. To complement the existing data about the signi"cance of dissociation in non-psychotic mental disorders. Design. Using the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), we screened 62 patients (13 male and 49 female) from the Non-Psychotic Conditions Inpatient Department of the Udmurt Republican Clinical Psychiatric Hospital (Izhevsk, Russia). Nineteen of the patients had mental disorders of organic aetiology and 43 patients had mental disorders of psychogenic aetiology. Results. Dissociation at the pathological level was detected in 12.9% of the patients, all of them female. Among patients with psychogenic disorders, the proportion of patients with pathological dissociation was more than three times that of patients with organic disorders. Among the particular dissociative phenomena, absorption had the highest average severity, both in the general sample and in each aetiological group of patients, while dissociative amnesia had the lowest average severity. #e highest levels of dissociation were found in young female patients who had never been married. In patients with psychogenic disorders, the average dissociation severity was signi"cantly higher than in the general population, while in patients with organic disorders it was signi"cantly lower. Conclusion. #e dissociation phenomenon may play a signi"cant symptomforming role in young women su!ering from non-psychotic mental disorders of psychogenic aetiology. In the case of organic mental disorders, the severity of dissociative manifestations decreases even below the conditionally normal level, which may indirectly indicate the destruction of dissociative physiological mechanisms by an organic brain process.

Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease in Kraepelin’s clinic, 1909–1912

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Keuck
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Histopathological Investigation

Existing accounts of the early history of Alzheimer’s disease have focused on Alois Alzheimer’s (1864–1915) publications of two ‘peculiar cases’ of middle-aged patients who showed symptoms associated with senile dementia, and Emil Kraepelin’s (1856–1926) discussion of these and a few other cases under the newly introduced name of ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ in his Textbook of Psychiatry. This article questions the underpinnings of these accounts that rely mainly on publications and describe ‘presenility’ as a defining characteristic of the disease. Drawing on archival research in the Munich psychiatric clinic, in which Alzheimer and Kraepelin practised, this article looks at the use of the category as a diagnostic label in practice. It argues that the first cases only got their exemplary status as key referents of Alzheimer’s disease in later readings of the original publications. In the 1900s, the published cases rather functioned as material to think about the limits of the category of senile dementia. The examination of paper technologies in the Munich psychiatric clinic reveals that the use of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease was not limited to patients of a certain age and did not exclude ‘senile’ cases. Moreover, the archival records reflect that many diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease were noted in the medical records as suspicions rather than conclusions. Against this background, the article argues that in theory and practice, Alzheimer’s disease was not treated as a well-defined disease entity in the Munich clinic, but as an exploratory category for the clinical and histopathological investigation of varieties of organic brain diseases.

‘A great and difficult thing, and full of hazard’

2021 ◽  
pp. 663-730
Author(s):  
Alastair Compston
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
De Anima ◽  
Animal Spirits ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Foundational Work ◽  
The Mind

Chapter 17, ‘A great and difficult thing, and full of hazard: the discourse of the soul’, provides an analysis of Pathologiæ cerebri (1667), Affectionum quæ dicuntur hystericæ et hypochondriacæ (1670) and De anima brutorum (1672). The chapter starts with Willis’s description of perverted activity of the particles in blood and the animal spirits which converts ordered movement into convulsion. The concept includes epilepsy and disorders of movement with preserved awareness, and extends to cough. An account is given of Willis’s concept of hysteria and hypochondriasis as organic brain disorders. His further work on comparative anatomy and animal behaviour as the basis for distinguishing the corporeal soul of brutes from the rational soul of man is described. The chapter provides an analysis of Willis’s writing on the human senses and passions followed by additional accounts of brain diseases and those affecting the mind, together representing a foundational work in psychiatry and behavioural neurology. {150 words}

scholarly journals Case Report: De Clerambault's Syndrome in Dementia With Lewy Bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Suehiro ◽  
Yuto Satake ◽  
Mamoru Hashimoto ◽  
Manabu Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Organic Brain

Background: Erotomania, also known as de Clerambault's syndrome, is characterized by the delusion that a person has fallen in love with the patient. It occasionally appears secondary to psychiatric disorders and organic brain diseases. However, there have been no reports on cases secondary to dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).Case Presentation: The patient was an 83-year-old woman who lived alone. Mild cognitive impairment appeared at the age of 82 years. Soon after, she had the delusional conviction that her family doctor was in love with her. Her symptoms, such as gradually progressive cognitive impairment, cognitive fluctuations, and parkinsonism, indicated DLB. She was treated with a small dose of antipsychotic agents.Conclusions: This case report suggests the possibility of de Clerambault's syndrome during the early stages of DLB. Further investigations are required to clarify the mechanism and treatment of de Clerambault's syndrome in patients with DLB.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document