Intergenerational Transmission of Work Values in Czech Republic, Spain, and Turkey: Parent-Child Similarity and the Moderating Role of Parenting Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 682 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
Nebi Sümer ◽  
Daniela Pauknerová ◽  
Mihaela Vancea ◽  
Elif Manuoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Value Transmission ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parent Child

Although public debates emphasize a weakening of work values and ethics over the last few decades, little attention has been paid to the transmission of work values between parents and children. It is still unclear what kind of parental behavior is critical and if culture influences the intergenerational transmission of work values. Based on socialization and value transmission theories, we explore the question by comparing three countries with different cultural characteristics: Czech Republic, Spain, and Turkey. We used data from the CUPESSE project collected from young adults aged 18 to 35 and their parents. Turkish young adults and parents reported higher levels of moral- and gender-based work values than their Spanish and Czech counterparts. Parent-child similarity in work values was the highest among the Turkish families and the lowest among the Czech families. Overall, we find that stronger moral and redistributive work values and weaker gender role–based work values are associated with high levels of parental warmth and autonomy granting and low levels of perceived psychological control. Results suggested that family climate, rather than specific paternal and maternal parenting behaviors, have more substantial effect on the value transmission. We discuss implications that consider the role of cultural orientation and gender roles.

scholarly journals 669 Increased Nightmares During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Role of Resilience and Emotions

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A261-A262
Author(s):  
Jérémie Potvin ◽  
Laura Ramos Socarras ◽  
Geneviève Forest
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Abstract Introduction COVID-19 had a tremendous impact on many aspects of our lives and has caused an increase in stress and mental health issues in many people. We have recently found that there was an increase in nightmares during the pandemic in young adults. Since emotions have been associated with both resilience and nightmares, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of resilience and emotional changes in the increase in nightmares observed during the pandemic, in a group of young adults. Methods Resilience, emotions and nightmares were assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, the Differential Emotions Scale-IV and an adapted version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Measures were administered to 209 young adults (18–25 years old, 76.1% females). Hierarchical multiple regression models were computed to examine the unique contribution of changes in positive and negative emotions during the pandemic to the increase in nightmares during the pandemic. Analyses were controlled for nightmares and emotions prior to COVID-19, and for gender. The sample was separated in two groups: resilient and less resilient young adults. Results Results show that in less resilient young adults, nightmares prior to COVID-19 (β=.79, p<.001) and increase in negative emotions (β=.21, p=.033) significantly predicted nightmares during the pandemic and explained 67.0% of their variance. In resilient young adults, nightmares prior to COVID-19 (β=.56, p<.001) and gender (β=-.15, p=.04) significantly predicted nightmares during the pandemic and explained 52.0% of the variance. Conclusion Our results show that increase in negative emotions during the pandemic is associated with an increase in nightmares in less resilient young adults, but not in resilient young adults. Furthermore, our results show that in resilient young adults, being a woman is associated with an increase in nightmares during the pandemic. These results suggest that resilience may be a protective factor in managing the impact of negative emotions on nightmares, but only in men. Support (if any):

Do They Really Mean It? Children’s Inference of Speaker Intentions and the Role of Age and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-712
Author(s):  
K. Rothermich ◽  
O. Caivano ◽  
L.J. Knoll ◽  
V. Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Speaker Intentions ◽  
And Gender

Interpreting other people’s intentions during communication represents a remarkable challenge for children. Although many studies have examined children’s understanding of, for example, sarcasm, less is known about their interpretation. Using realistic audiovisual scenes, we invited 124 children between 8 and 12 years old to watch video clips of young adults using different speaker intentions. After watching each video clip, children answered questions about the characters and their beliefs, and the perceived friendliness of the speaker. Children’s responses reveal age and gender differences in the ability to interpret speaker belief and social intentions, especially for scenarios conveying teasing and prosocial lies. We found that the ability to infer speaker belief of prosocial lies and to interpret social intentions increases with age. Our results suggest that children at the age of 8 years already show adult-like abilities to understand literal statements, whereas the ability to infer specific social intentions, such as teasing and prosocial lies, is still developing between the age of 8 and 12 years. Moreover, girls performed better in classifying prosocial lies and sarcasm as insincere than boys. The outcomes expand our understanding of how children observe speaker intentions and suggest further research into the development of teasing and prosocial lie interpretation.

scholarly journals The role of oxytocinergic genes in the intergenerational transmission of parent–child relationship qualities

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 104540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Savelieva ◽  
Mirka Hintsanen ◽  
Henrik Dobewall ◽  
Markus Jokela ◽  
Laura Pulkki-Råback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Relationship Qualities ◽  
Parent Child

When is an Islamic work ethic more likely to spur helping behavior? The roles of despotic leadership and gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk De Clercq ◽  
Inam Ul Haq ◽  
Usman Raja ◽  
Muhammad Umer Azeem ◽  
Norashikin Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Work Ethic ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Islamic Work Ethic ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Voluntary Basis ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how employees’ Islamic work ethic might enhance their propensity to help their coworkers on a voluntary basis, as well as how this relationship might be invigorated by despotic leadership. It also considers how the invigorating role of despotic leadership might depend on employees’ gender. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected from employees and their supervisors in Pakistani organizations. Findings Islamic work values relate positively to helping behaviors, and this relationship is stronger when employees experience despotic leadership, because their values motivate them to protect their colleagues against the hardships created by such leadership. This triggering role of despotic leadership is particularly strong among female employees. Practical implications For organizations, the results demonstrate that Islamic work values may be important for creating a culture that promotes collegiality, to a greater extent when employees believe that their leaders act as despots who exploit their followers for personal gain. Originality/value This study elaborates how employees’ Islamic work ethic influences the likelihood that they help their coworkers, particularly in work contexts marked by stress-inducing leadership.

Examining the role of passive gene–environment correlation in childhood depression using a novel genetically sensitive design

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Rice ◽  
Gemma Lewis ◽  
Gordon T. Harold ◽  
Anita Thapar
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Paternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractParental depression is associated with disruptions in the parent–child relationship, exposure to stressful family life events, and offspring depressive symptoms. Evidence suggests that intergenerational transmission of depression involves environmental and inherited contributions. We sought to evaluate the role of passive gene–environment correlation (rGE) in relation to depression, family life events that were due to parental behavior, and parental positivity in a sample where children varied in genetic relatedness to their rearing parents. Our study included 865 families with children born through assisted conception (444 related to both parents, 210 related to the mother only, 175 related to the father only, and 36 related to neither parent). Consistent with previous studies, the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms was largely due to environmental factors, although parent and child gender influenced results. Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms were associated with reduced positivity and increased parentally imposed life events regardless of parent–child relatedness. Results of path analysis were consistent with passive rGE for both maternal and paternal positivity in that positivity partially mediated the link between maternal/paternal depression and child depression only in genetically related parent–child pairs. Results also suggested passive rGE involving parentally imposed life events for mothers and fathers although passive rGE effects were smaller than for positivity.

Transitions to adulthood and psychological distress in young adults born 12 years apart: constraints on and resources for development

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sacker ◽  
N. Cable
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adult Roles

BackgroundLater transitions to adult roles and responsibilities have been linked with better psychological well-being yet psychological distress has risen despite young people making the transition to adulthood at older ages over recent years.MethodWe examine the role of structural constraints and adolescent resources in the relationship between the timing of transitions and psychological distress in early adult life in the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study. Graphical chain models were used to examine the influences on timing of four key transitions and their relationship with psychological distress (Malaise Inventory). The role of structural factors at birth (gender, social class) and adolescent resources (psychosocial problems, exam grades) were modelled.ResultsAn earlier transition to adult roles was associated with an increased risk for psychological distress but so was failing to make some key transitions. Structural constraints had negative effects on successful development. Persistent social class and gender inequalities in psychological distress were evident in both cohorts. Social class constraints were mediated by educational resources whereas gender constraints were mediated by psychosocial resources. The influence of structural constraints on the timing of transitions to adult roles was more complex with evidence of positive and negative mediation and moderation effects.ConclusionsDelaying transition to adulthood promotes psychological health but failure of transition to independent living is associated with psychological distress. Life-course transitions are constrained by social origin and gender and possibly economic environment. Adolescent resources help young adults to make timely transitions to adult roles.

Grandparents’ Parenting on Children’s Internalizing Symptoms: The Serial Mediation of Parents’ Psychological Control and Children’s Emotion Regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (17) ◽  
pp. 3996-4018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Nigela Ahemaitijiang ◽  
Zhuo Rachel Han ◽  
Zhuyun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Parental Psychological Control ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Children's Emotion ◽  
Serial Mediation

The current study aimed to investigate the intergenerational transmission of parenting and internalizing problems in children. Serial mediation models were used to assess parental psychological control and child emotion regulation as mediators in linking grandparents’ parenting (care or overprotection) and children’s internalizing problems. The sample consisted of 150 Chinese children ( Mage = 8.54, SD = 1.67) and their parents. The parents reported the grandparents’ parenting and children’s internalizing problems, and the children reported on their emotion regulation. Both the children’s ratings and behavioral observations were used to assess the parents’ psychological control. The results showed that grandmothers’ parenting was significantly associated with children’s internalizing problems, and this relationship was mediated by perceived (but not observed) parental psychological control and children’s emotion regulation. These results highlighted the differential role of children’s perceptions of parental control and the observed parental psychological control on internalizing symptoms in children.

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