Human Olfactory Receptor Neurons Express Heat Shock Protein 70: Age-Related Trends

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Getchell ◽  
N. S. Rama Krishna ◽  
D. Larry Sparks ◽  
Nimrat Dhooper ◽  
Marilyn L. Getchell
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Sustentacular Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Receptor Neurons

Immunocytochemical methods were used to investigate the cellular distribution and age-related trends in the expression of constitutive and/or inducible forms of heat shock protein (hsp) 70 in the human nasal mucosa of 22 subjects who ranged in age from 16 weeks prenatal to 90 years, including 3 subjects with Alzheimer's disease. The olfactory mucosa was characterized by the presence of olfactory marker protein—immunoreactive olfactory receptor neurons. The hsp 70 immunoreactivity was localized in olfactory receptor neurons and the supranuclear region of sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium, and in the acinar cells of the Bowman's glands in the lamina propria. A systematic age-related decrement in the expression of hsp 70 immunoreactivity was observed in the olfactory receptor neurons. This trend was not apparent in sustentacular cells and Bowman's glands. A marked decrement in hsp 70 immunoreactivity was also noted in the olfactory receptor neurons of subjects with Alzheimer's disease when compared to age-matched controls. These results suggest that the age-dependent decrease in hsp 70 in olfactory receptor neurons of older subjects and those with Alzheimer's disease may be attributable to their greater susceptibility to stress.

Ontogenetic Expression of Spot 35 Protein (Calbindin-D28K) in Human Olfactory Receptor Neurons and its Decrease in Alzheimer's Disease Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuo Yamagishi ◽  
Shigeru Takami ◽  
Thomas V. Getchell
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Calbindin D28k ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
The Mean

Expression of a calcium-binding protein, spot 35 protein (S-3S, calbindin-D28k), was investigated immunohistochemically in the human olfactory mucosa of patients who ranged in age from 16 weeks of fetal development to 98 years old, including some with Alzheimer's disease (AD). S-35 immunoreactivity was observed clearly in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and olfactory nerve bundles that were identified previously with antibodies to olfactory marker protein (OMP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Throughout all ages, the mean number of ORNs immunoreactive for OMP did not change significantly, whereas the mean number of NSE- and S-35-immunoreactive ORNs declined markedly in the postnatal infant, young, and old patients when compared with that of the prenatal fetuses. S-35-immunoreactive ORNs decreased significantly in AD patients when compared with AD control patients. These results indicate that ORNs in humans express S-35 and that there is an age-related trend in the expression of S-35. Furthermore, the marked decrease of S-35 expression in ORNs of AD patients suggests that cell excitability associated with calcium ions and cell protective function against overload of intracellular calcium ions decline in these patients.

Increased Density of Olfactory Receptor Neurons Immunoreactive for Apolipoprotein E in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuo Yamagishi ◽  
Shigeru Takami ◽  
Marilyn L. Getchell ◽  
Thomas V. Getchell
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Pgp 9.5 ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
The Mean

Immunolocalization of apolipoprotein E (apoE) was investigated in human olfactory mucosa in which olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were identified with antiserum to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5. Tissue was obtained at autopsy from 10 nondemented middle-aged or elderly subjects and 9 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Double-labeling immunofluorescence established that apoE immunoreactivity was colocalized in a subpopulation of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive ORNs. The mean number of apoE-immunoreactive ORNs per unit epithelial length in AD patients was about 3.5 times greater than that in nondemented patients, although the mean number of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive ORNs was similar. The apoE-immunopositive Schwann cells in olfactory nerve bundles were the probable source of apoE in the ORNs. The increased numbers of apoE-immunoreactive ORNs in AD patients compared to nondemented subjects demonstrates another manifestation of AD-related neuropathology, in addition to cytoskeletal changes, β-amyloid deposition, and changes in immunoreactivity for other neuroproteins, that parallels changes in neurons in the AD brain.

Olfactory epithelia exhibit progressive functional and morphological defects in CF mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. C574-C583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara R. Grubb ◽  
Troy D. Rogers ◽  
Heather M. Kulaga ◽  
Kimberlie A. Burns ◽  
Robert L. Wonsetler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Sustentacular Cells ◽  
Sensory Cilia ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Chamber Studies

In normal nasal epithelium, the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are continuously replaced through the differentiation of progenitor cells. The olfactory epithelium (OE) of the cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse appears normal at birth, yet by 6 mo of age, a marked dysmorphology of sustentacular cells and a dramatic reduction in olfactory receptor neurons are evident. Electroolfactograms revealed that the odor-evoked response in 30-day-old CF mice was reduced ∼45%; in older CF mice, a ∼70% reduction was observed compared with the wild type (WT) response. Consistent with studies of CF airway epithelia, Ussing chamber studies of OE isolated from CF mice showed a lack of forskolin-stimulated Cl− secretion and an ∼12-fold increase in amiloride-sensitive sodium absorption compared with WT mice. We hypothesize that the marked hyperabsorption of Na+, most likely by olfactory sustentacular cells, leads to desiccation of the surface layer in which the sensory cilia reside, followed by degeneration of the ORNs. The CF mouse thus provides a novel model to examine the mechanisms of disease-associated loss of olfactory function.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Protein Inspired Nanochaperones Restore Amyloid‐β Homeostasis for Preventative Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 1901844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiru Yang ◽  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Xiaohui Wu ◽  
Shaozhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Preventative Therapy
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