A Versatile Radioimmunoassay for the Determination of Serum Oestriol in Pregnancy

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. H. Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Random Series ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
In Pregnancy

A versatile radioimmunoassay for serum oestriol in pregnancy has been developed which requires 10 μ| of serum (for total) or 50 μ| (for unconjugated). Selection of the optimum conditions for the hydrolysis of serum oestriol conjugates, the isolation of free oestriol, the displacement of tritiated oestriol by cold oestriol and the separation of the free and bound fractions is described. Total oestriol levels doubled between weeks 34 and 38 of normal pregnancy, very little change occurring in the mean level after the 38th week of gestation. In a random series of pregnancy sera there was a significant correlation between total and unconjugated oestriol.

Optimization of Sweep Codistillation Apparatus for Determination of Coumaphos and Other Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Animal Fat

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Author(s):  
Robert L Brown ◽  
Clinton N Farmer ◽  
Roderick G Millar
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Sweep Time ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Optimum conditions have been developed for the quantitative recovery of coumaphos from animal fat by using a commercial sweep codistillation unit. Under the conditions specified (255°C distillation temperature, 250 mL/min of nitrogen, 60 min sweep time) and using Florisil trapping, the mean recovery of coumaphos was 91% with a coefficient of variation of 6%. Other organophosphorus pesticides recovered include diazinon, chlorpyrifos, ethion, and bromophos-ethyl with recoveries ranging from 90 to 96% and coefficients of variation ranging between 4 and 6%.

scholarly journals Functional Status of Maternal Thyroid Gland in Eclampsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
M Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Mahbub Ara Chowdhury ◽  
Shahin Mahmuda
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Marked changes in maternal thyroid activity occur in pregnancy. During pregnancy bodily hormonal changes and metabolic demands result in complex alteration in the bio-chemical parameters of thyroid activities. Besides these, thyroid enlargement, increased thyroid capability for iodine uptake and increase in basal metabolic rate are evidential though these findings are not usually associated with symptoms of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Serum concentration of thyroid hormone thyroxine and triiodothyronine in complicated pregnancy like eclamptic toxemia is another field of controversy. To evaluate the changes in thyroid function in normal pregnancy and eclamptic toxemia, a study was undertaken in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. We collected serum specimens from non pregnant but married women, normal 3rd trimester pregnant women and patients with eclampsia at 3rd trimester of pregnancy and measured serum concentrations of total and free thyroxine (TT4 & FT4) and total and free triiodothyronine (TT3 & FT3 ) by using RIA. Among the study subjects, 10 women were married but non pregnant, 12 women were in their 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy and 32 patients of eclamptic toxemia with 3rd trimester of pregnancy. In normal pregnancy, FT4 and FT3 levels remained normal while TT4 and TT3 levels were elevated. In patients with toxemia of pregnancy, the mean serum TT3 concentration was significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy and the serum FT3 concentrations were below the normal pregnancy range. The mean serum TT4 and FT4 concentrations in patients with eclampsia were however, significantly higher than those in normal pregnant women. TAJ 2018; 31(1): 9-14

Colorimetric Determination of Certain Phenol Derivatives in Pharmaceutical Preparations

1981 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1442-1445
Author(s):  
Sayed M Hassan ◽  
Mohammed I Walash ◽  
Sanaa M El-Sayed ◽  
Abdel Malek Abou Ouf
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Diazonium Salts ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Colorimetric Methods

Abstract Simple colorimetric methods are reported for determining both acetaminophen and oxyphenbutazone. These methods are based on coupling between the phenolic compound and the diazonium salts of both sulfanilic acid and p-nitroaniline; the optimum conditions for the reactions were carefully studied. For acetaminophen, the reaction products with diazosulfanilic acid and diazo-p-nitroaniline show maximum absorbance at 480 and 425 nm, respectively. The mean percentage recoveries for authentic samples were 99.5 ± 1.1 and 100.6 ± 0.66, respectively (P = 0.05). For oxyphenbutazone, the obtained colors showed maxima at 385 nm with diazosulfanilic acid and 490 nm with diazo-p-nitroaniline reactions. The mean percentage recoveries for authentic samples were 99.8 ± 0.27 and 100.1 ± 0.57, respectively (P = 0.05). The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of commercial preparations; results were statistically compared with those of other methods.

scholarly journals Assessing terpene content variability of whitebark pine in order to estimate representative sample size

2013 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Milena Stefanovic ◽  
Slobodanka Mitrovic ◽  
Dragica Obratov-Petkovic ◽  
Vera Vidakovic ◽  
Zorica Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

In studies of population variability, particular attention has to be paid to the selection of a representative sample. The aim of this study was to assess the size of the new representative sample on the basis of the variability of chemical content of the initial sample on the example of a whitebark pine population. Statistical analysis included the content of 19 characteristics (terpene hydrocarbons and their derivates) of the initial sample of 10 elements (trees). It was determined that the new sample should contain 20 trees so that the mean value calculated from it represents a basic set with a probability higher than 95 %. Determination of the lower limit of the representative sample size that guarantees a satisfactory reliability of generalization proved to be very important in order to achieve cost efficiency of the research.

Protein S Free Antigen Levels and the Occurrence of IgG and IgM Antibodies to Protein S in Normal Pregnancy.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3993-3993
Author(s):  
Yale S. Arkel ◽  
De-Hui W. Ku ◽  
Michael J. Paidas ◽  
Christine Fortunato ◽  
Evelyn Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Protein Z ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract The evaluation of thrombophilia (TP) in pregnancy is central to the assessment for the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) and thrombosis. Antibodies to protein S (PS) have been described in patients with autoimmune diseases and have also been related to thrombosis and APO in pregnancy. Therefore several major issues exist in the evaluation of PS in pregnancy for TP and the risk for APO and thrombosis. What are the ranges of free PS antigen (FPSAG) levels in normal pregnancy (NP)? Do antibodies to PS occur in so called NP and do they affect the levels of PS? We studied 82 1st trimester (TRI) samples, 64 2nd TRI samples, and 78 3rd TRI samples from normal pregnancies to evaluate the FPSAG levels and antibodies against PS both IgG and IgM. We also tested 50 normal non-pregnant donors for antibodies against PS to establish the non-pregnant reference range. The data are show in table 1. It reveals that even in NP the FPSAG levels can decrease to as low as 28% in 1st and 2nd TRI, and 20% in 3rd TRI. These values are significantly below the non-pregnant values. The differences of decreased of PS between 1st vs 3rd, and 2nd vs 3rd TRI are statistically significant (p<0.05). We have previously reported that PS lower than 30% in the 2nd to 3rd TRI was associated with a higher risk for APO. If additional TP factors are present, PS levels in lower NP reference range may increase the risk for APO and thrombosis. The data also shows that there is an increase in PS IgG and IgM antibodies during gestation compared to non-pregnant controls. The number of patients with IgG and IgM antibodies above the 3SD of control value increase with gestation (3% vs 8% vs 9% for IgG, and 13% vs 26% vs 31% for IgM, [1st TRI, 2nd TRI, 3rd TRI respectively]). The lack of overall correlation of antibodies with the protein level is similar to the finding of Gris et al with protein Z and APO. Do the antibodies affect the function but not the level of the factors responsible for the natural inhibition of the prothrombotic process? Do these antibodies become part of the pathogenesis of APO and thrombosis in pregnancy associated with the anticardiolipin syndrome? These questions need to be addressed by larger studies of normal and adverse pregnancy patients. The increase in the number of NP subjects with high levels of PS-IgG and IgM antibodies with gestation might indicate an enhanced immune response to components of the hemostatic system in some patients who might become more vulnerable to APO. The low values of FPSAG in NP add to the difficulty of assessing for a pre-existing deficiency state. However, if an inherited deficiency is present the FPSAG should be in the lower ranges of those we have established for the three TRI. This need to be defined by the assessment of a larger group of PS deficiency patients during pregnancy. Table 1 shows the mean and standrad deviation of FPSAG levels and the titer of PS IgG and IgM antibodies 1st trimester 2nd trimester 3dr trimester CTR CTR= non-pregnant control FPSAG 38.8+/−10.5% 35.9+/−8.3% 27.9+/−7.0% 88+/−19% Anti-PS IgG 0.29+/−0.35OD 0.45+/−0.25OD 0.44+/−0.31OD 0.27+/−0.20OD Anti-PS IgM 0.48+/−0.38OD 0.66+/−0.42OD 0.61+/−0.36OD 0.26+/−0.15OD

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DOUBLE DIVISOR RATIO SPECTRA DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD FOR TERNARY MIXTURE OF GUAIFENESIN, DEXTROMETHORPHAN HBR, AND DIPHENHYDRAMINE HCL IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fitria Adriani ◽  
Muchlisyam Muchlisyam ◽  
Siti Morin Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Derivative Spectrophotometry ◽  
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Recovery Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Tablet Dosage ◽  
Selection Of

 Objective: This study aimed to develop spectrophotometry method by double divisor ratio spectra derivative to determine the levels of guaifenesin (GUA), dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DMP), and diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) in tablet dosage form using ethanol as solvent.Methods: The method is based on the use of the coincident spectra of the derivative of the ratio spectra obtained using a double divisor (sum of two spectra) and measuring at either the maximum or minimum wavelengths. Then, the method was applied to determine the levels of GUA, DMP, and DPH in tablet dosage form.Results: The application of double divisor ratio spectra derivative spectrophotometry method for the determination of GUA, DMP, and DPH was performed on the first derivative at Δλ 2 (λ 280.0 nm, λ 286.1 nm, and 260.2 nm, respectively). The selection of wavelengths based on wavelengths gives the best result. The mean % recoveries were found to be in 100.60%, 99.95%, and 101.74% for GUA, DMP, and DPH, respectively.Conclusion: The method is successfully applied to analyze GUA, DMP, and DPH in pharmaceutical formulation with no interference from excipients as indicated by the recovery study. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range.

Modeling and Biomass Quantification in Eucalyptus saligna Smith Stand at the End Rotation in the South of Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dione Richer Momolli ◽  
Mauro Valdir Schumacher ◽  
Aline Aparecida Ludvichak ◽  
Elias Frank Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Biomass Quantification ◽  
Selection Of

The quantification of wood stock and other components of biomass is fundamental for forest planning. Given the difficulty of obtaining these data, the present study aims at the formulation of equations and the estimation of the different components of biomass, volume with and without bark, form factor and height of the trees at the end rotation. The study was carried out in the municipality of São Gabriel state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil with Eucalyptus saligna 10-year-old. The experimental design of the inventory and biomass quantification were completely randomized. In the inventory the DBH of all individuals of the 5 plots were measured. After determination of 4 classes of diameter were felled 12 trees and quantified leaves, branches, bark and wood. The selection of the models obtained coefficients of determination higher than 97%. The total biomass was 269 Mg ha-1, of which 89% was wood. The total volume was 546 and 494 m³ ha-1 with and without bark, representing an average annual increase of 54,6 and 49,4 m³ ha-1 year-1. The mean form factor was 0,48. The modeling presented excellent adjustments and certainly serves for future estimates of the stock biomass.

scholarly journals Development of an automated method for the determination of human paraoxonase1 activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Araoud ◽  
Fadoua Neffeti ◽  
Wahiba Douki ◽  
Abderraouf Kenani ◽  
Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Background: Human plasma paraoxonase1 (PON1) is an esterase catalyzing the hydrolysis of organophosphorus pesticides and other xenobiotics. The aims of this study were to develop a rapid method to determinate PON1 activity, evaluate some interference, and study the influence of storage temperature on PON1 activity assay. Methods: Measurement of PON1 activity was performed for 369 samples by measuring the hydrolysis of paraoxon using a spectrophotometric method adapted on konelab 30 ⃞. Results: The developed method facilitates the determination of PON1 activity at the rate of more than 200 samples per hour, and it is linear between 2 and 900 IU/L. Intra and inter-assay imprecision coefficients of variation were 2% and 5% respectively. PON1 activity in serum was correlated with those in heparinized plasma (r = 0.994, p < 0.001) and in plasma/EDTA (r = 0.962, p < 0.001). The mean inhibition of the PON1 activity was, by EDTA/K3, 41 ± 10 %. There was not significant PON1 activity variation after 40 days of storage at -20°C or at +4 ⃞ C. There were no substantial interferences from haemoglobin, jaundice and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: The developed method is reliable, reproducible, and suitable. It can also be performed on heparinized plasma for the determination of PON1 activity. Hence, it may be useful for assaying PON1 activity in several intoxications such as organophosphorus, sarin, and soman nerve agents.

Introduction of helical computed tomography affects patient selection for V/Q lung scan

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zettinig ◽  
S. Baudrexel ◽  
Th. Leitha
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Helical Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Scan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Lung Scanning ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Summary Aim: Retrospective analysis for determination of the effect of helical computed tomography (HCT) on utilization of V/Q lung scanning to diagnose pulmonary embolism (PE) in a large general hospital. Methods: A total number of 2676 V/Q scans of in- and out-patients referred to our department between March 1992 and December 1998 and between April 1997 and December 1998 were analyzed by an identical group of nuclear physicians. Results: Neither the total number of annually performed V/Q scans (446 ± 135) nor the mean age of patients (56 years ± 17) changed significantly since the introduction of HCT. However, the referral pattern was different. The percentage of patients with high and intermediate probability for PE decreased significantly from 15.2% to 9.4% (p < 0.01) and from 10.2% to 7.3% (p < 0.05), respectively. Low probability scans significantly increased from 37.8% to 42.7% (p < 0.05). The percentage of normal scans did not change significantly, however, there was a highly significant increase summarizing patients with normal and low probability scans (74.6% to 83.3%; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The introduction of HCT affected the selection of patients referred for V/Q lung scanning since V/Q scanning was primarily used to exclude rather to confirm PE.

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