Semi–Sequential Nonparametric Tests for two Populations with one Sample Size Fixfd

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Space Observations

The problem or testing the identity of two populations given a sample of fixed size from the first population, is considered . The given sample is used to demarcate a suitable region in the observational space. Observations are then drawn sequentially from the second population. At each step the number of observations lying in the demarcated region is counted and rejection is indicated if this number deviates too much (in the right direction) Otherwise, observation is continued till a prefixed number of observations in the demarcated region is obtained. If rejection is not indicated even at that stage, acceptance is recommended. Different large sample procedures based on this approach are formulated and examined.

Inverse Sampling for Bivariate Nonparametric Two-Sample Problems Against Restricted Alternatives

1992 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Gopaldeb Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Bivariate Distribution ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Subject Classification ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Inverse Sampling ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Ams Subject Classification

The object of the present investigation is to provide suitable nonparametric tests for testing the identity of two bivariate distribution functions F1 and F2 against a class of restricted alternatives when there is sample of fixed size m from F1 and the observations from F2 are drawn sequentially. Various large sample results of the proposed tests are formulated and examined. AMS Subject Classification: Primary 62010, Secondary 62020.

Bayesian approach to discriminant problems for count data with application to multilocus short tandem repeat dataset

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Tsukuda ◽  
Shuhei Mano ◽  
Toshimichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Threshold Adjustment ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Short Tandem

AbstractShort Tandem Repeats (STRs) are a type of DNA polymorphism. This study considers discriminant analysis to determine the population of test individuals using an STR database containing the lengths of STRs observed at more than one locus. The discriminant method based on the Bayes factor is discussed and an improved method is proposed. The main issues are to develop a method that is relatively robust to sample size imbalance, identify a procedure to select loci, and treat the parameter in the prior distribution. A previous study achieved a classification accuracy of 0.748 for the g-mean (geometric mean of classification accuracies for two populations) and 0.867 for the AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve). We improve the maximum values for the g-mean to 0.830 and the AUC to 0.935. Computer simulations indicate that the previous method is susceptible to sample size imbalance, whereas the proposed method is more robust while achieving almost identical classification accuracy. Furthermore, the results confirm that threshold adjustment is an effective countermeasure to sample size imbalance.

Manufacturability Analysis for Solid Freeform Fabrication

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Arni ◽  
S. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Solid Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Design Tolerance ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
Manufacturing Problems ◽  
Case Effect

Abstract This paper describes a systematic approach to analyzing manufacturability of parts produced using Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) processes with flatness, parallelism and perpendicularity tolerance requirements on the planar faces of the part. SFF processes approximate objects using layers, therefore the part being produced exhibits stair-case effect. The extent of this stair-case effect depends on the angle between the build orientation and the face normal. Therefore, different faces whose direction normal is oriented differently with respect to the build direction may exhibit different values of inaccuracies. We use a two step approach to perform the manufacturability analysis. We first analyze each specified tolerance on the part and identify the set of feasible build directions that can be used to satisfy that tolerance. As a second step, we take the intersection of all sets of feasible build directions to identify the set of build directions that can simultaneously satisfy all specified tolerance requirements. If there is at least one build direction that can satisfy all tolerance requirements, then the part is considered manufacturable. Otherwise, the part is considered non-manufacturable. Our research will help SFF designers and process providers in the following ways. By evaluating design tolerances against a given process capability, it will help designers in eliminating manufacturing problems and selecting the right SFF process for the given design. It will help process providers in selecting a build direction that can meet all design tolerance requirements.

scholarly journals OSOBENNOSTI POKAZATELEY UL'TRASONOMETRII ZhENSKOGO NASELENIYa GORODA ChELYaBINSKA

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
E N USOL'TsEVA ◽  
O V SAFRONOV ◽  
E V BRYuKhINA
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Ultrasound Wave ◽  
Spongy Bone ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Tibia Diaphysis ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
Peripheral Skeleton ◽  
Tubular Bones

Characteristic feature of ultrasonic densitometry have been investigated in women,s population of Chelyabinsk (n=200) from 25 to 65 years old. We used domestically produced Echoosteometr-02. A basis of a body of the lower jaw became a new area for ultrasonic densitometry. We can recommend a lower jaw as a new area for ultrasonic densitometry taking into account high pithiness of data in a combination with simplicity of research. Traditional localizations have been also applied: proximal phalanges of the hand, patella, tibia diaphysis and calcaneus bones of the right and left sides. We have established a "peak" values of a speed of the ultrasound wave for the given bones. Also we have found that a tubular bones and a large spongy bone - a lower jaw - possess the highest speed of an ultrasound wave, and the speed was mach less in a small spongy bones, that is caused by their anatomic structure. Ultrasound densitometry parameters of the peripheral skeleton start to reduce from 40-50 years behind exception patella - from 55 years. The lowest values were in group of women of 60-65 years. The rates of ultrasonic densitometry received by us are possible to use for women population of Chelyabinsk.

scholarly journals Moral distress: Ethically appropriate actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Maeckelberghe
Keyword(s):  
Moral Agency ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Moral Question ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
Original Concept ◽  
Ethical Situation

Abstract Andrew Jameton in 1984 coined the concept of moral distress as: “knowing what to do in an ethical situation, but not being allowed to do it” This original description presupposes that the right moral act can be identified and precludes situations of doubt and uncertainty. The 1984 definition emphasizes barriers that make it impossible for someone to do what they ought to do. Whereas Jameton in a revision in 2013 of his original concept emphasized reduction of the psychological dimensions, Peter& Liaschenko stress the element of moral agency. Moral distress then is a threat to the moral integrity of the professional. This requires three-step ananlysis: first, what is the moral question?; two, what are morally adeguate answers to this question?; three, what ethically appropriate actions are under pressure in the given situation? This will be illustrated with examples from the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals LEAN MANUFACTURING PROCESS PLANNING FOR 5 AXES CNC DRIVEN MILLING MACHINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Sándor Bodzás ◽  
Béla Krakkó
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Milling Machine ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Future State ◽  
Manufacturing Process Planning ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given

The aim of this publication is to determine the OEE (Overall Equipment Efficiency) indicator for 5 axes milling machine found at Diehl Aircabin Hungary Ltd. for the present and future state. Based on this value, the utilization of the machine for the given production amount can be calculated. With the optimal choice of the right production parameters (the number of cuts, feeding, depth of cut, etc.) greater productivity can be achieved i.e. the machine main time (time of cutting) will be less. The possibilities of the reduction of the machine time will be analysed and calculated. Setting of the appropriate technological parameters the machine main time could be decreased. The calculation of the machine main time will be determined for the most frequent manufacturing technologies.

scholarly journals Constitutional Dilemma of Pakistan: 1947 -1956

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad ◽  
Syed Asif Anwar Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Refugee Problem ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Soon after its creation, Pakistan confronted many issues including refugee problem, scarcity of able political leadership, absence of mutual consensus between both wings of the country and confusing nature of the relationship between Islam and state etc. took almost nine years to frame the permanent constitution for Pakistan. Constitution, the basic document of a state, determines the shape of its laws, structure of governance and system of rights and duties. The effectiveness of a constitution is judged by its practicability in the given area where it is enforced by the state machinery. Although, all civilized states of the world do possess a constitution, yet a good constitution is one which must protect the basic human rights by ensuring the independence of judiciary. Due to countless hurdles at the beginning of its journey, Pakistan’s constitutional development in the right direction could not take place. The main objective of the present study is to provide deep insight into the events and factors causing a delay in the constitution-making for the newly created state of Pakistan. The various events which took place from 1947 to 1956 have been analyzed in a subtle way.

The inflammatory macrophage: a story of Jekyll and Hyde

2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. DUFFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Selective Depletion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extracellular Structures ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Inflammatory Macrophage

Recent investigations have highlighted new roles for the macrophage (Mϕ) in the biology of inflammation. Selective depletion of Mϕs from inflamed sites has confirmed their predominant role in immune-mediated damage. The components of this injury have been dissected. Mϕs mediate death of stromal, parenchymal and other immune cells by engaging the death programme, resulting in apoptosis. In addition, Mϕs induce destruction of matrix and extracellular structures both directly and indirectly by inducing stromal cells to release matrix metalloproteinases. However, there is another side to the inflammatory Mϕ. Evidence is provided that Mϕs at the same sites possess the ability to aid cell proliferation, secrete and stabilize new matrix components and induce resident cells to secrete matrix components themselves. Mϕ phagocytosis of apoptotic cells brings about a change from the cell-killing matrix-degrading cell to the matrix-generating cell-proliferating tissue-healing cell. Just as both Mϕ types are necessary at the inflamed site, the right balance of these two populations is required for healing and resolution. Evidence of excessive inflammation as a manifestation of impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cells emphasizes that defects in the transition from one Mϕ type to another may account for the uncontrolled excessive inflammation seen in disease. Recent insights into the mechanisms by which apoptotic cells signal the change of function to the Mϕ offer the prospect of novel targets for manipulation of Mϕs in the inflamed tissue.

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