Self-determined Occupational Performance Model for Children From Economically Disadvantaged Backgrounds

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/00084174211035627 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000841742110356

Author(s):

Laura M.P. Bray ◽

Gilson Capilouto

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Economically Disadvantaged ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Performance Model ◽

Social Deficits ◽

Occupational Performance ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Key Issues

Background. Children from low-income backgrounds have a higher incidence of handwriting challenges due to the unique social and environmental stressors associated with poverty. Additionally, children from economically disadvantaged households are at risk for motor, cognitive, and social deficits, which further impact their handwriting performance. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical model that provides a holistic perspective for addressing the handwriting needs of children from low-socioeconomic backgrounds. Key Issues. The presented conceptual model is derived from the person–environment–occupation model for occupational performance and self-determination theory. These theories reciprocally complement and enhance each other, providing a foundation from which clinicians can guide evaluation and intervention. Implications. Through the use of the proposed model, evaluation and intervention focus on intrinsic motivation while considering the physical, social, and cultural impacts on a child's occupational performance. The provider connects with the child's basic psychological needs, thus improving handwriting outcomes and facilitating improved academic performance.

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Listen and learn: Using focus groups in program planning for a low-income population at cardiovascular risk

10.21203/rs.3.rs-59684/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel S. Kirzner ◽

Inga Robbins ◽

Meghan Privitello ◽

Marianne Miserandino

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Low Income ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Program Planning ◽

Cardiac Risk ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Low Income Population

Abstract Background: Poverty increases the risk of cardiac disease, while diminishing the resources available to mitigate that risk. Available prevention programs often require resources that low-income residents of urban areas do not possess, e.g. membership fees, resources to purchase healthy foods, and safe places for physical activity. The aim of this study is to obtain participant input in order to understand the health-related goals, barriers, and strengths as part of planning a program to reduce cardiovascular risk.Methods: In a mixed methods study, we used surveys and focus groups as part of planning an intervention specifically designed to meet the needs of lower income individuals. Based on prior research, we used Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and its core constructs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as the theoretical framework for analysis. The study collected information on the perspectives of low-income urban residents on their risks of cardiovascular disease, their barriers to addressing health needs, and how they addressed those barriers. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using standard qualitative methods including paired coding and development of themes from identified codes.Results: Participants had health goals that aligned with accepted approaches to reducing their cardiovascular risks, however they lacked the resources to reach those goals. We found the need for support in the three SDT core constructs. The barriers that participants reported suggested that these basic psychological needs were often thwarted by their environments.Conclusions: Substantial disparities in both access to health-promoting resources and in support for autonomy, competence, and relatedness must be addressed in order to design an effective intervention for a low-income population at cardiac risk.

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贫困高职学生心理特点和就业动机研究

Psychology of China ◽

10.35534/pc/0101001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

超赵 ◽

昱鲲赵 ◽

悍超侯 ◽

光曾 ◽

凯平彭

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

School Engagement ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

The Other ◽

Shanxi Province ◽

Job Seeking ◽

Low Income Families ◽

The Government ◽

Impoverished Students

以往对中国贫困大学生的研究主要集中在本科院校的贫困生群体，对贫困高职学生的关注不足。本研究通过调查山西省运城职业技术学院的 2046 名二、三年级学生，发现贫困学生的正性情绪、成长型思维、基本心理需求满足、坚毅、自主学习动机、学校表现均高于非贫困生，抑郁低于非贫困生，生活满意度、负性情绪、希望、自我效能感、焦虑、受控学习动机、学校投入与非贫困生无显著差异，因果定向的自主、受控维度高于非贫困生，非个人化维度则无显著差异。这与以往对贫困大学生心理特点的研究结论不同，原因可能是贫困高职学生的社会比较较不明显、期望较低及该高职院校特点。调查还发现，贫困生的就业自主和受控动机均与非贫困生无显著差异，但动机缺乏程度低于非贫困生，去不同类型单位就业的意愿也高于非贫困生。回归分析显示，这与贫困生更积极的因果定向有关。本研究考察了中西部贫困高职学生的心理和行为特点，对于精准扶贫工作有着重要意义。 Prior research on impoverished college students in China focused on regular undergraduates from low income families. The psychological characteristics of impoverished students in vocational colleges were not sufficiently studied. This study surveys 2046 sophomore and junior students from the Yuncheng Vocational College in Shanxi province. We find that，compared to the other students，the impoverished students have higher positive affect，growth mindset，basic psychological needs satisfaction，grit，autonomous learning motivations，school performance，autonomous and controlled causality orientation，and lower level of depression. There are no significant differences between the two groups in life satisfaction，negativeaffect，hope，self-efficacy，anxiety，controlled learning motivations，and school engagement. The impoverished students have significant lower amotivational level if job-seeking than those of the non-impoverished students，while the other types of job-seeking motivations are statistically the same between the two groups. They are also significantly more willing to work in the government，public sectors，and state-owned enterprises，while their willingness to work in the private sectors and start up their own entrepreneurship are statically the same as the non-impoverished students. These findings show a stronger risk-aversion tendency among impoverished students. The autonomous causality orientation of the impoverished students is negatively related to the job-seeking amotivation and negatively related to the job-seeking willingness，the impersonal causality orientation is positively related to the job-seeking amotivation and negatively related to the job-seeking willingness，while the relationships of the controlled causality orientation to the job-seeking amotivation and willingness are in between of the other two causality orientation styles. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

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‘Listen and learn:’ participant input in program planning for a low-income urban population at cardiovascular risk

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10423-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rachel S. Kirzner ◽

Inga Robbins ◽

Meghan Privitello ◽

Marianne Miserandino

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Low Income ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Program Planning ◽

Cardiac Risk ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Cardiovascular Risks ◽

Health Goals ◽

Health Related

Abstract Background Poverty increases the risk of cardiac disease, while diminishing the resources available to mitigate that risk. Available prevention programs often require resources that low-income residents of urban areas do not possess, e.g. membership fees, resources to purchase healthy foods, and safe places for physical activity. The aim of this study is to obtain participant input in order to understand the health-related goals, barriers, and strengths as part of planning a program to reduce cardiovascular risk. Methods In a mixed methods study, we used written surveys and focus groups as part of planning an intervention specifically designed to meet the needs of lower income individuals. Based on prior research, we used Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and its core constructs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as the theoretical framework for analysis. The study collected information on the perspectives of low-income urban residents on their risks of cardiovascular disease, their barriers to and supports for addressing health needs, and how they addressed barriers and utilized supports. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using standard qualitative methods including paired coding and development of themes from identified codes. Results Participants had health goals that aligned with accepted approaches to reducing their cardiovascular risks, however they lacked the resources to reach those goals. We found a lack of support for the three SDT core constructs. The barriers that participants reported suggested that these basic psychological needs were often thwarted by their environments. Conclusions Substantial disparities in both access to health-promoting resources and in support for autonomy, competence, and relatedness must be addressed in order to design an effective intervention for a low-income population at cardiac risk.

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Conditional Love: Threat and Attitudinal Perceptions of Immigrants Depend on Their Instrumentality to Locals’ Basic Psychological Needs

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167220984648 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014616722098464

Author(s):

Jose C. Yong ◽

Lile Jia ◽

Ismaharif Ismail ◽

Peiwei Lee

Keyword(s):

Local Population ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽

Threat Perceptions ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Perceived Instrumentality ◽

Intergroup Conflicts ◽

The Impact

Although threat perceptions are commonly used to explain attitudes toward immigrants, the psychological factors underlying threat are surprisingly understudied. Drawing from goal pursuit and self-determination theory, we examined the perceived instrumentality of immigrants as an antecedent of locals’ threat and attitudinal perceptions. Through four studies ( N = 1,372) with different configurations of local population segments and target immigrant groups, we investigated the impact of immigrants’ instrumentality in terms of hindrances to locals’ autonomy, belonging, and competence needs. Including hindrances to our proposed model of threats and attitudes led to an improvement in the overall fit with the data, allowed for a better specification of the threats-to-attitudes pathways, and elucidated the complexity and downstream consequences (endorsement of pro-immigration policies) of attitudes. The present findings underscore the utility of goal-driven approaches to studying intergroup conflicts, and implications for understanding and improving locals’ attitudes toward immigrants are discussed.

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Frustration and Violence in Mobile Video Games

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

Petr Květon ◽

Martin Jelínek

Keyword(s):

Video Games ◽

Video Game ◽

Implicit Association Test ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Mobile Video ◽

Violent Content ◽

Before And After

Abstract. This study tests two competing hypotheses, one based on the general aggression model (GAM), the other on the self-determination theory (SDT). GAM suggests that the crucial factor in video games leading to increased aggressiveness is their violent content; SDT contends that gaming is associated with aggression because of the frustration of basic psychological needs. We used a 2×2 between-subject experimental design with a sample of 128 undergraduates. We assigned each participant randomly to one experimental condition defined by a particular video game, using four mobile video games differing in the degree of violence and in the level of their frustration-invoking gameplay. Aggressiveness was measured using the implicit association test (IAT), administered before and after the playing of a video game. We found no evidence of an association between implicit aggressiveness and violent content or frustrating gameplay.

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