scholarly journals Listen and learn: Using focus groups in program planning for a low-income population at cardiovascular risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Kirzner ◽  
Inga Robbins ◽  
Meghan Privitello ◽  
Marianne Miserandino
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Low Income Population

Abstract Background: Poverty increases the risk of cardiac disease, while diminishing the resources available to mitigate that risk. Available prevention programs often require resources that low-income residents of urban areas do not possess, e.g. membership fees, resources to purchase healthy foods, and safe places for physical activity. The aim of this study is to obtain participant input in order to understand the health-related goals, barriers, and strengths as part of planning a program to reduce cardiovascular risk.Methods: In a mixed methods study, we used surveys and focus groups as part of planning an intervention specifically designed to meet the needs of lower income individuals. Based on prior research, we used Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and its core constructs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as the theoretical framework for analysis. The study collected information on the perspectives of low-income urban residents on their risks of cardiovascular disease, their barriers to addressing health needs, and how they addressed those barriers. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using standard qualitative methods including paired coding and development of themes from identified codes.Results: Participants had health goals that aligned with accepted approaches to reducing their cardiovascular risks, however they lacked the resources to reach those goals. We found the need for support in the three SDT core constructs. The barriers that participants reported suggested that these basic psychological needs were often thwarted by their environments.Conclusions: Substantial disparities in both access to health-promoting resources and in support for autonomy, competence, and relatedness must be addressed in order to design an effective intervention for a low-income population at cardiac risk.

scholarly journals ‘Listen and learn:’ participant input in program planning for a low-income urban population at cardiovascular risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Kirzner ◽  
Inga Robbins ◽  
Meghan Privitello ◽  
Marianne Miserandino
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background Poverty increases the risk of cardiac disease, while diminishing the resources available to mitigate that risk. Available prevention programs often require resources that low-income residents of urban areas do not possess, e.g. membership fees, resources to purchase healthy foods, and safe places for physical activity. The aim of this study is to obtain participant input in order to understand the health-related goals, barriers, and strengths as part of planning a program to reduce cardiovascular risk. Methods In a mixed methods study, we used written surveys and focus groups as part of planning an intervention specifically designed to meet the needs of lower income individuals. Based on prior research, we used Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and its core constructs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as the theoretical framework for analysis. The study collected information on the perspectives of low-income urban residents on their risks of cardiovascular disease, their barriers to and supports for addressing health needs, and how they addressed barriers and utilized supports. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using standard qualitative methods including paired coding and development of themes from identified codes. Results Participants had health goals that aligned with accepted approaches to reducing their cardiovascular risks, however they lacked the resources to reach those goals. We found a lack of support for the three SDT core constructs. The barriers that participants reported suggested that these basic psychological needs were often thwarted by their environments. Conclusions Substantial disparities in both access to health-promoting resources and in support for autonomy, competence, and relatedness must be addressed in order to design an effective intervention for a low-income population at cardiac risk.

Self-determined Occupational Performance Model for Children From Economically Disadvantaged Backgrounds

2021 ◽  
pp. 000841742110356
Author(s):  
Laura M.P. Bray ◽  
Gilson Capilouto
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Key Issues

Background. Children from low-income backgrounds have a higher incidence of handwriting challenges due to the unique social and environmental stressors associated with poverty. Additionally, children from economically disadvantaged households are at risk for motor, cognitive, and social deficits, which further impact their handwriting performance. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical model that provides a holistic perspective for addressing the handwriting needs of children from low-socioeconomic backgrounds. Key Issues. The presented conceptual model is derived from the person–environment–occupation model for occupational performance and self-determination theory. These theories reciprocally complement and enhance each other, providing a foundation from which clinicians can guide evaluation and intervention. Implications. Through the use of the proposed model, evaluation and intervention focus on intrinsic motivation while considering the physical, social, and cultural impacts on a child's occupational performance. The provider connects with the child's basic psychological needs, thus improving handwriting outcomes and facilitating improved academic performance.

scholarly journals Motivational Variables to Predict Autotelic Experience and Enjoyment of Students. Analysis in Function of Environment and Sports Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Leyton-Román ◽  
Marta Guíu-Carrera ◽  
Asier Coto-Cañamero ◽  
Ruth Jiménez-Castuera
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Perception Of Support

The aim of this study was to find out how self-determined motivation, Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) and the perception of support influence autonomy-predicted autotelic experience and enjoyment, and to analyse the differences depending on the geographical location of the centre and whether they lead to the practice of physical activity, extracurricular or not, of 271 learners in physical education from 10 to 12 years (M = 10.94, SD = 0.73). The theoretical framework used was the Self-Determination Theory. The results showed that more self-determined motivation, the perception of support for autonomy and BPN positively predict both autotelic experience and enjoyment. Moreover, learners from urban areas have higher values in less self-determined forms of motivation and lower levels of perceived support for autonomy and BPN than learners from rural areas. Furthermore, students who carry out extracurricular physical activity had higher values in all variables compared to those who did not. It is essential to promote sport to students with more self-determined forms of motivation through the satisfaction of BPN, especially in students who do not do extracurricular physical activity and students in urban areas.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a prevention program in the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes in a low-income population from Colombia: a real-world propensity score-matched cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Miranda-Machado ◽  
Fernando Salcedo-Mejía ◽  
Devian Parra-Padilla ◽  
Rusvelt Vargas-Moranth ◽  
Nelson Rafael Alvis-Zakzuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Low Income Population

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) but evidence in these contexts regarding the effectiveness of primary prevention interventions taking into account patient adherence is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a cardiovascular risk management program (De Todo Corazón - DTC program) in the incidence of the first cardiovascular outcome (CVO) in a low-income population from the Caribbean region of Colombia using adherence as the main variable of exposure. Methods A retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted. Adult patients with a diagnosis of hypertension (HTA), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or dyslipidemia affiliated to the DTC program between 2013 and 2018 were considered as the study population. Patients with 30 to 76 years, without a history of CVOs, and with more than 6 months of exposure to the program were included. The main outcome of interest was the reduction in the risk of CVOs (stroke, myocardial infarction, or congestive heart failure) based on the adherence to the intervention (attendance to medical appointments with health care professionals and the control of cardiovascular risk factors). Kaplan Meier curves and propensity score-matched Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association between adherence and the incidence of CVOs. Results A total of 52,507 patients were included. After propensity score matching, a sample of 35,574 patients was analyzed. Mean (SD) exposure time was 1.97 (0.92) years. Being adherent to the program was associated to a 85.4, 71.9, 32.4 and 78.9% risk reduction of in the low (HR 0.14; 95% CI 0.05–0.37; p < 0.001), medium (HR 0.28; 95% CI 0.21–0.36; p < 0.001), high-risk with DM (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.43–1.04; p = 0.075) and hig-risk without DM (HR 0.21; 95% CI 0.09–0.48; p < 0.001) categories, respectively. Conclusions The DTC program is effective in the reduction of the risk of CVOs. Population-based interventions may be an important strategy for the prevention of CVOs in underserved populations in the context of LMICs. A more exhaustive emphasis on the control of diabetes mellitus should be considered in these strategies.

scholarly journals 贫困高职学生心理特点和就业动机研究

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
超 赵 ◽  
昱鲲 赵 ◽  
悍超 侯 ◽  
光 曾 ◽  
凯平 彭
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
Impoverished Students

以往对中国贫困大学生的研究主要集中在本科院校的贫困生群体，对贫困高职学生的关注不足。本研究通过调查山西省运城职业技术学院的 2046 名二、三年级学生，发现贫困学生的正性情绪、成长型思维、基本心理需求满足、坚毅、自主学习动机、学校表现均高于非贫困生，抑郁低于非贫困生，生活满意度、负性情绪、希望、自我效能感、焦虑、受控学习动机、学校投入与非贫困生无显著差异，因果定向的自主、受控维度高于非贫困生，非个人化维度则无显著差异。这与以往对贫困大学生心理特点的研究结论不同，原因可能是贫困高职学生的社会比较较不明显、期望较低及该高职院校特点。调查还发现，贫困生的就业自主和受控动机均与非贫困生无显著差异，但动机缺乏程度低于非贫困生，去不同类型单位就业的意愿也高于非贫困生。回归分析显示，这与贫困生更积极的因果定向有关。本研究考察了中西部贫困高职学生的心理和行为特点，对于精准扶贫工作有着重要意义。 Prior research on impoverished college students in China focused on regular undergraduates from low income families. The psychological characteristics of impoverished students in vocational colleges were not sufficiently studied. This study surveys 2046 sophomore and junior students from the Yuncheng Vocational College in Shanxi province. We find that，compared to the other students，the impoverished students have higher positive affect，growth mindset，basic psychological needs satisfaction，grit，autonomous learning motivations，school performance，autonomous and controlled causality orientation，and lower level of depression. There are no significant differences between the two groups in life satisfaction，negativeaffect，hope，self-efficacy，anxiety，controlled learning motivations，and school engagement. The impoverished students have significant lower amotivational level if job-seeking than those of the non-impoverished students，while the other types of job-seeking motivations are statistically the same between the two groups. They are also significantly more willing to work in the government，public sectors，and state-owned enterprises，while their willingness to work in the private sectors and start up their own entrepreneurship are statically the same as the non-impoverished students. These findings show a stronger risk-aversion tendency among impoverished students. The autonomous causality orientation of the impoverished students is negatively related to the job-seeking amotivation and negatively related to the job-seeking willingness，the impersonal causality orientation is positively related to the job-seeking amotivation and negatively related to the job-seeking willingness，while the relationships of the controlled causality orientation to the job-seeking amotivation and willingness are in between of the other two causality orientation styles. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

Obesity and undernutrition in a very-low-income population in the city of Maceió, northeastern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio ◽  
Haroldo da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Anna Patrícia Tojal de França ◽  
Jairo Calado Cavalcante ◽  
Ana Lydia Sawaya
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Deficiency Diseases

Obesity is the nutritional disorder which has shown the greatest increase in prevalence, even in those countries in which deficiency diseases represent a severe public health problem. The goal of the present study was to analyse the anthropometric profile of a community living in the outskirts of Maceió, capital of Alagoas (northeastern Brazil), and to investigate the hypothesis of a coexistence of undernutrition and obesity in a very low-income population. The survey was conducted on 315 families (1247 individuals). Among the children (aged ≤10 years), the prevalence of wasting, stunting and wasting plus stunting was 3·8, 8·3 and 8·7 % respectively. Wasting (10·2 %) was the most prevalent form of undernutrition among adolescents; nonetheless, a higher frequency of stunting (11 %) and overweight–obesity (5·5 %) was seen specifically in girls, in agreement with trends found in other studies. Adults exhibited a high prevalence of overweight–obesity (25 %), but stunting was also present (22 %). Of the stunted individuals, 30 % were overweight–obese and 16·3 % were underweight. There were eighty-six families with at least one parent who was underweight (27 %) and 104 families with at least one parent who was overweight (33 %). Underweight and overweight–obesity were both present in ninety-six households (30 %). These results may indicate that better living conditions in urban areas in a population ‘adapted’ to chronic famine might increase the susceptibility to obesity. Considering the harm caused by the cumulative effect of these two conditions (undernutrition in childhood and obesity in adult life) there is a clear need for new studies to uncover the determinant factors so that preventive measures can be implemented.

scholarly journals PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND ITS EFFECTS ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AMONG SELECTED AREAS OF CHITRADURGA.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejaswini S. M. ◽  
Bharathi DR ◽  
Nataraj GR ◽  
Akza K Alex ◽  
Adarsh Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Pharmacoepidemiological Study ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 1

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used worldwide to treat pain and inflammation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a broad class of agents with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties that inhibit the two recognized iso enzymes of prostaglandin G/H synthase (also known as cyclo -oxygenase (COX))—namely, COX 1 and COX 2. It is generally accepted that oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can increase the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Randomized controlled trials of NSAIDs have been of limited use for assessing this rare adverse event, as they had small cohorts and poor generalizability. The trials excluded those at highest cardiovascular risk or with established cardiovascular disease. Objectives: 1. To assess the various classes of NSAID’S giving rise to cardiovascular risks. 2. To assess the prevalence of NSAID’s induced various cardiovascular risks. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in selected areas of Chitradurga District. Results: 1. In our study, subjects who were having CVS risks were found to be the major users of Selective cox-2 inhibitor 20(27.7) followed by preferential cox-2 inhibitor 8(11.1)) and phenyl acetic acid 6(8.3). Among 401 subjects, 72 subjects were diagnosed as cardiovascular problem. The prevalence of NSAIDs induced cardiovascular problem was found to be 18% Conclusion: Our study concluded that prevalence of cardiovascular risk due to administration of NSAIDs more in rural areas than in urban areas. Key words: NSAIDs, CVS risks, Prevalence.

scholarly journals PCV62 ASSOCIATED FACTORS TO THE CONTROL OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN A LOW-INCOME POPULATION FROM THE CARIBBEAN REGION OF COLOMBIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S102
Author(s):  
D. Parra Padilla ◽  
F. Salcedo Mejía ◽  
J.C. Fernandez Mercado ◽  
P. Miranda Machado ◽  
M. Carrasquilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Low Income Population ◽  
The Caribbean
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