scholarly journals 贫困高职学生心理特点和就业动机研究

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
超 赵 ◽  
昱鲲 赵 ◽  
悍超 侯 ◽  
光 曾 ◽  
凯平 彭
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
Impoverished Students

以往对中国贫困大学生的研究主要集中在本科院校的贫困生群体，对贫困高职学生的关注不足。本研究通过调查山西省运城职业技术学院的 2046 名二、三年级学生，发现贫困学生的正性情绪、成长型思维、基本心理需求满足、坚毅、自主学习动机、学校表现均高于非贫困生，抑郁低于非贫困生，生活满意度、负性情绪、希望、自我效能感、焦虑、受控学习动机、学校投入与非贫困生无显著差异，因果定向的自主、受控维度高于非贫困生，非个人化维度则无显著差异。这与以往对贫困大学生心理特点的研究结论不同，原因可能是贫困高职学生的社会比较较不明显、期望较低及该高职院校特点。调查还发现，贫困生的就业自主和受控动机均与非贫困生无显著差异，但动机缺乏程度低于非贫困生，去不同类型单位就业的意愿也高于非贫困生。回归分析显示，这与贫困生更积极的因果定向有关。本研究考察了中西部贫困高职学生的心理和行为特点，对于精准扶贫工作有着重要意义。 Prior research on impoverished college students in China focused on regular undergraduates from low income families. The psychological characteristics of impoverished students in vocational colleges were not sufficiently studied. This study surveys 2046 sophomore and junior students from the Yuncheng Vocational College in Shanxi province. We find that，compared to the other students，the impoverished students have higher positive affect，growth mindset，basic psychological needs satisfaction，grit，autonomous learning motivations，school performance，autonomous and controlled causality orientation，and lower level of depression. There are no significant differences between the two groups in life satisfaction，negativeaffect，hope，self-efficacy，anxiety，controlled learning motivations，and school engagement. The impoverished students have significant lower amotivational level if job-seeking than those of the non-impoverished students，while the other types of job-seeking motivations are statistically the same between the two groups. They are also significantly more willing to work in the government，public sectors，and state-owned enterprises，while their willingness to work in the private sectors and start up their own entrepreneurship are statically the same as the non-impoverished students. These findings show a stronger risk-aversion tendency among impoverished students. The autonomous causality orientation of the impoverished students is negatively related to the job-seeking amotivation and negatively related to the job-seeking willingness，the impersonal causality orientation is positively related to the job-seeking amotivation and negatively related to the job-seeking willingness，while the relationships of the controlled causality orientation to the job-seeking amotivation and willingness are in between of the other two causality orientation styles. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

Self-determined Occupational Performance Model for Children From Economically Disadvantaged Backgrounds

2021 ◽  
pp. 000841742110356
Author(s):  
Laura M.P. Bray ◽  
Gilson Capilouto
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Key Issues

Background. Children from low-income backgrounds have a higher incidence of handwriting challenges due to the unique social and environmental stressors associated with poverty. Additionally, children from economically disadvantaged households are at risk for motor, cognitive, and social deficits, which further impact their handwriting performance. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical model that provides a holistic perspective for addressing the handwriting needs of children from low-socioeconomic backgrounds. Key Issues. The presented conceptual model is derived from the person–environment–occupation model for occupational performance and self-determination theory. These theories reciprocally complement and enhance each other, providing a foundation from which clinicians can guide evaluation and intervention. Implications. Through the use of the proposed model, evaluation and intervention focus on intrinsic motivation while considering the physical, social, and cultural impacts on a child's occupational performance. The provider connects with the child's basic psychological needs, thus improving handwriting outcomes and facilitating improved academic performance.

scholarly journals Dampak Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) terhadap Kesejahteraan Keluarga di Desa Padang Seurahet Kecamatan Johan Pahlawan Kabupaten Aceh Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Lia Muliana ◽  
Mursyidin Mursyidin ◽  
Muharriyanti Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is a conditional cash transfer program for low-income families. The requirement is to be actively involved in education and health. The Family Hope Program in Indonesia was implemented in 2007 to alleviate poverty and prosper low-income families. The research and writing of this journal aim to determine the impact of PKH on family welfare and see if there is a reduction in poverty after the government realizes the Family Hope Program. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The study results indicate that the impact of PKH on beneficiary families, including the cash provided, can meet consumption or family needs and help the economy of PKH recipient families. The implementation of the program can reduce poverty in Aceh. The percentage of the poverty rate fell to 0.02%. The limitation of the research is the impact of PKH on family welfare and wants to examine whether there is a decrease in the percentage of poverty in Aceh or Aceh Barat. The practical implication of this research is to provide information to the government that PKH can improve the welfare of low-income families. The social significance is to give the government and the general public that the implementation of social assistance programs, one of which is the Family Hope Program, can reduce poverty rates in Aceh or West Aceh. The originality of the research is supported by previous research related to the author’s research study.

scholarly journals Food Decisions of Low-Income Families in the Era of COVID-19: A Qualitative Exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
Eleni Spyreli ◽  
Michelle McKinley ◽  
Jayne Woodside ◽  
Colette Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economically Disadvantaged ◽  
Food Shopping ◽  
Food Planning ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disadvantaged Families

Abstract Objectives The first lockdown enforced in the United Kingdom to limit the spread of COVID-19 had serious financial consequences for some lower-income households, which were already at risk of suboptimal food choices. Particularly in Northern Ireland, where 10% of the population live in food insecure households, the pandemic has potentially further exacerbated the nutritional challenges experienced by low-income families. This paper aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on food-related decisions as experienced by economically disadvantaged families in Northern Ireland, UK. Methods A qualitative study collected data through online individual interviews. Participation was open to parents of children 2–17 years old who self-identified as living on a tight budget in urban and rural areas of Northern Ireland. A sampling matrix enabled equal representation of single- and two-parent households, as well as younger (<12 y) and older children (>12 y). Photovoice and participatory mapping techniques were employed to capture participant data. A thematic approach was utilised for data analysis. Results A total of 12 interviews were conducted. Five distinct themes were found, reflecting families’ food-related decisions that were affected by the COVID-19 lockdown: 1) food planning; 2) food purchasing; 3) meal preparation; 4) eating and feeding behaviours and 5) eating food prepared outside the house. Changes included an increase in home food preparation, but also in unhealthy snacking. Fear of being exposed to carriers of the virus led to infrequent food shopping and greater reliance on supermarket home deliveries. Long waiting times in-between food shops encouraged food planning but were also a barrier to providing daily fresh foods including fruit and vegetables to their families. Financial constraints were exacerbated during lockdown and led to a search for new ways to budget when food shopping. Food donations from the community and the government were important to maintain food security, particularly in single-parent families. Conclusions This study highlights that the COVID-19 lockdown influenced a broad range of dietary decisions of economically disadvantaged families and offers an insight into the nutritional challenges they experienced. Funding Sources The work was completed with financial support from internal funds of Queens University Belfast.

scholarly journals STUDI KELAYAKAN PERUMAHAN BERSUBSIDI PENUNJANG KAWASAN INDUSTRI (LOKASI : SAGA, BALARAJA, KABUPATEN TANGERANG)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 2589
Author(s):  
Vania Putri Azaria ◽  
Priyendiswara Agustina Bela ◽  
Bambang Deliyanto
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Subsidized Housing ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gathering Place ◽  
Study Property ◽  
General Society

House is one of the primary needs in society. Not only a living place, but a house is also a protection, gathering place, and investment. For low-income families, the gap between supply and demand for houses occur every year. It happens because of the low buying power or limited access to the house financing system. Therefore, through the banking industry, the government realizes the housing loan facility called the mortgage. There are 2 types of mortgages in Indonesia, i.e., subsidized mortgage and non-subsidized mortgage. The subsidized mortgage mainly targets Low-Income Families (LIF). The bank provides this type as the government program cooperating with the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing to help finance subsidized houses in the form of loan or down payment facility. Meanwhile, the non-subsidized mortgage targets general society that fulfilled the mortgage requirements from the providing bank. PT Prima Graha Nusa Sempana currently plans to develop subsidized housing estate that targets factory workers. The land is located in Balaraja Sub-district, precisely at Saga Village, one of the industrial centers in Tangerang Regency. Before developing a 13.5 Ha land, an eligibility study is required. The study is conducted to discover the development eligibility and to count the profit and loss from the development. Besides that, an eligibility study is conducted to achieve a maximum result from the development. Keywords: feasibility study, property; subsidized housing AbstrakRumah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan primer bagi masyarakat, selain sebagai tempat tinggal rumah juga merupakan tempat berlindung dan sebagai tempat berkumpul sekaligus sebagai barang investasi. Bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah kesenjangan antara kebutuhan penyediaan rumah dari tahun ke tahun masih terus terjadi, hal itu dikarenakan masih rendahnya daya beli atau terbatasnya akses  ke sistem pembiayaan rumah. Oleh karena itu pemerintah melalui perbankan merealisasikan pemeberian kredit yang disebut dengan KPR (Kredit Pemilikan Rumah). Di Indonesia dikenal dengan 2 jenis KPR yaitu KPR subsidi dan KPR non subsidi. KPR subsidi umumnya ditujukan untuk Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR). KPR jenis ini disediakan oleh bank sebagai bagian dari program pemerintah bekerjasama dengan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) untuk membantu mendanai kepemilikan rumah masyarakat yang akan diberikan subsidi berupa keringanan kredit atau uang muka. Sedangkan KPR non subsidi diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat umum yang memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh bank penyedia KPR. PT. Prima Graha Nusa Sempana saat ini sedang merencanakan pembangunan perumahan bersubsidi dengan target pasar buruh pabrik, hal itu karena lahan tersebut berada di Kecamatan Balaraja tepatnya di Kelurahan Saga, dimana Balaraja merupakan salah satu pusat industri yang terdapat di Kabupaten Tangerang. Sebelum melakukan pengembangan pada lahan seluas 13.5 Ha, akan dilakukan terbelih dahulu studi kelayakan terhadap lahan tersebut. Studi kelayakan dilakukan untuk mengetahui layak atau tidaknya pengembangan tersebut dan untuk mengetahui keuntungan dan kerugian pada pengembangan tersebut. Selain itu studi kelayakan dilakukan agar pengembang mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal tergadap pengembangan tersebut. 

scholarly journals Physical Activity as a Regulatory Variable between Adolescents’ Motivational Processes and Satisfaction with Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikel Vaquero Solís ◽  
Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel ◽  
Miguel Ángel Tapia Serrano ◽  
Juan J. Pulido ◽  
Damián Iglesias Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
The Relationship

Framed within Self-Determination Theory, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, levels of motivation, physical activity, and satisfaction with life. Methods: A total of 487 students participated, comprising males (n = 262) and females (n = 225), aged between 14 and 16 years (M = 15.02; SD = 0.87), from different secondary schools. Results: A regression analysis was carried out (structural equation modeling) that revealed the existence of two theoretical lines, one positive and the other negative, where the satisfaction of basic psychological needs was positively related to autonomous motivation and physical activity, which predicted satisfaction with life. On the other hand, the frustration of basic psychological needs was positively related to controlled motivation, whereas controlled motivation (introjected regulation and extrinsic regulation) was inversely associated with physical activity and satisfaction with life. Conclusion: The results show the importance of motivational processes in physical activity, and the effects of physical activity on satisfaction with life in adolescents who spend more time engaged in physical activity.

The COVID-19 Pandemic: Key Factors in Canada’s Social Policy Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Maria Solyanova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
Near Future

Many studies focus on the COVID-19 pandemic, response mechanisms and response design. At the same time, it becomes more and more obvious that not only the study of economic policy and decisions made by the government in connection with the pandemic is acquiring relevance. As the spread of the disease continues, social problems and difficulties that political elites will have to deal with are exposed in Canadian society. Despite the fact that the government has taken unprecedented measures to expand assistance and social protection to the most vulnerable groups – low-income families, women, senior citizens, young people and children, low-skilled workers, self-employed, people with disabilities, etc. – the pandemic, however, has had a profound impact on society. The government will be forced to adapt its policies in the field of social protection and labor relations, in the field of health and education. This article seeks to explore the key social dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as factors that can influence the political decisions of the Canadian elite in the near future.

scholarly journals Investing in Couple Relationship Education in the UK: A Gender Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Couple Relationship ◽  
Relationship Education ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Couple Relationship Education ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

The UK Conservative–Liberal Democratic Coalition government has declared that marriage is imperative for society. This article examines couple relationship education (CRE), which aims to strengthen marriage and relationships. It argues that these programmes have potential because they offer opportunities for women and men to enhance their relationships through adult education that develops relationship skills and knowledge. For CRE to have a population level impact, however, knowledge of how to promote access to services designed for disadvantaged or vulnerable couples is critical. Gender disadvantage interacts with class, ethnicity, age and disability. Advocating marriage per se is too simplistic a solution to the complex problems of couples with diverse needs or low-income earners. If the government is serious about wanting to strengthen relationships and marriage, CRE would be a better investment if it was coordinated with policies and services such as balancing work and family and alleviating problems for low-income families.

scholarly journals Listen and learn: Using focus groups in program planning for a low-income population at cardiovascular risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Kirzner ◽  
Inga Robbins ◽  
Meghan Privitello ◽  
Marianne Miserandino
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Low Income Population

Abstract Background: Poverty increases the risk of cardiac disease, while diminishing the resources available to mitigate that risk. Available prevention programs often require resources that low-income residents of urban areas do not possess, e.g. membership fees, resources to purchase healthy foods, and safe places for physical activity. The aim of this study is to obtain participant input in order to understand the health-related goals, barriers, and strengths as part of planning a program to reduce cardiovascular risk.Methods: In a mixed methods study, we used surveys and focus groups as part of planning an intervention specifically designed to meet the needs of lower income individuals. Based on prior research, we used Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and its core constructs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as the theoretical framework for analysis. The study collected information on the perspectives of low-income urban residents on their risks of cardiovascular disease, their barriers to addressing health needs, and how they addressed those barriers. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using standard qualitative methods including paired coding and development of themes from identified codes.Results: Participants had health goals that aligned with accepted approaches to reducing their cardiovascular risks, however they lacked the resources to reach those goals. We found the need for support in the three SDT core constructs. The barriers that participants reported suggested that these basic psychological needs were often thwarted by their environments.Conclusions: Substantial disparities in both access to health-promoting resources and in support for autonomy, competence, and relatedness must be addressed in order to design an effective intervention for a low-income population at cardiac risk.

scholarly journals The Impact of Higher Education Loan System among Students from Low-Income Background in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Watende Pius Nyoni
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Operational Mechanism ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Needy

In spite of the initiatives which have been taken by the government of Tanzania towards access to higher education for qualified students who came from low - income backgrounds, the studies and real situation reveal the reality of how this group of people has been denied to parity and fair for accessing higher education. Thus, Tanzania government has established Higher Education Students Loans Board with the Act No.9 of 2004 aiming at giving assistance to the students who got admission in universities, but came from low-income families with no financial strength to support their schooling. However, since its inception higher education loans board had failed to identify students from low-income background resulting in some students dropping out or postpone their studies as they look for other sources of funds. This article is qualitative in nature with the use of document analysis technique. The author uses relevant literature, officially published statistical data and various theoretical justifications for examining the impact of HE loan towards students from low-income background. The results of this study identified some challenges leading to a misallocation of fund to the needy students, application of Means Testing being one of them. Meanwhile, the author concludes with careful planning and effective use of means testing with a sustainable operational mechanism which will address the issue of parity and justice for the needy students in accessing higher education in Tanzania.

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